NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Warsaw Citadel

Cytadela ( Polish (polski, język polski) is the official language of Poland. Polish (Polski) Spoken in: Poland, also over 500,000 speakers in Germany, Ukraine, and USA. Region: - Total speakers: 46 million Ranking: 22 Genetic classification: Indo-European Balto-Slavic group Slavic West... Polish for This article is about a type of fortification. For other meanings of this word, please see: Citadel (disambiguation). Citadels view from the top of an Irish castle A citadel is a fortress for protecting a town, sometimes with a castle in its middle. Citadels are most often used to... Citadel) is a Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century was a literary magazine founded in 1877 by Sir James Knowles. In 1901, the title was changed to Nineteenth Century and After. Categories: Stub ... Nineteenth Century (periodical) ( (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th... 19th-century Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. Humans have constructed defensive works for many thousands of years, in a variety of increasingly complex designs. Nakhal Fort, one of the best-preserved forts in Oman. Photographed by Andy Carvin, October 2003. Contents // 1... fortress in For other uses, see There are many places that bear the name of Warsaw. The most common include: Warsaw, capital of Poland Warsaw Voivodship (1920-1975) Duchy of Warsaw (1806-1815) However, there are also several other places in the USA known as Warsaw: Warsaw, Illinois Warsaw, Indiana Warsaw, Kentucky... Warsaw, For other uses, see Poland is a country in Central Europe. Poland is also the name of some places in the United States of America: Poland, Maine Poland, New York Poland, Ohio This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the... Poland. It was built by order of Tsar Nicholas I Pavlovich (Russian: Николай I Павлович, July 6 (June 25, Old Style), 1796–March 2 (February 18, Old Style), 1855) was the Emperor of Russia and king of Poland from 1825 until his death in... Nicholas I after the suppression of the Years: 1827 1828 1829 - 1830 - 1831 1832 1833 Decades: 1800s 1810s 1820s - 1830s - 1840s 1850s 1860s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1830 in art 1830 in literature 1830 in rail transport 1830 in science 1830 in music 1830 in sports List of state leaders in 1830 List of... 1830 Outbreak of the uprising on a painting by Marcin Zaleski Conflict November Uprising Date 1830-1831 Place Poland Result Russian victory Combatants Poland Imperial Russia Commanders Józef Chłopicki Nicholas I of Russia Strength 70 000 180 000 Casualties unknown unknown November Uprising Stoczek • Wawer I •... November Uprising in order to bolster imperial Russian control of the city. It served as a prison into the late 1930's.

Warsaw Citadel as seen from a surrounding park Picture by Wojsyl Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front...

The Citadel, as seen from the surrounding park

History

The This article is about a type of fortification. For other meanings of this word, please see: Citadel (disambiguation). Citadels view from the top of an Irish castle A citadel is a fortress for protecting a town, sometimes with a castle in its middle. Citadels are most often used to... Citadel was built by personal order of Tsar Nicholas I Pavlovich (Russian: Николай I Павлович, July 6 (June 25, Old Style), 1796–March 2 (February 18, Old Style), 1855) was the Emperor of Russia and king of Poland from 1825 until his death in... Ncholas I after the Years: 1827 1828 1829 - 1830 - 1831 1832 1833 Decades: 1800s 1810s 1820s - 1830s - 1840s 1850s 1860s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1830 in art 1830 in literature 1830 in rail transport 1830 in science 1830 in music 1830 in sports List of state leaders in 1830 List of... 1830 Outbreak of the uprising on a painting by Marcin Zaleski Conflict November Uprising Date 1830-1831 Place Poland Result Russian victory Combatants Poland Imperial Russia Commanders Józef Chłopicki Nicholas I of Russia Strength 70 000 180 000 Casualties unknown unknown November Uprising Stoczek • Wawer I •... November Uprising. Its chief architect, Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. It is derieved from the older rank of Sergeant Major General. A major general is a high-ranking officer subordinate to a full General. In the United States... Major General Ivan Dehn, used the plan of a fortress in For other uses, see Antwerp (disambiguation). Guildhouses in the Grote Markt Antwerp (Dutch: Antwerpen, French: Anvers) is a city and a municipality in the province of Antwerp (and its capital), in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium. On January 1st, 2004 Antwerp had a total population of 455... Antwerp as the basis for his own plan. The A cornerstone is an important cultural component of western architecture, often indicating a building time and significant builders, enscribed on the stone. Some cornerstones include time capsules of the time a particular building was built. Cornerstones are found primarily in masonry-based architecture. It is also a christian music festival... cornerstone was laid by Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. A Marshal or Field Marshal (sometimes incorrectly spelled Marshall) (French: mar chal, Chinese: shuai (Chinese Traditional: 元帥), Dutch: Veldmaarschalk, German: Feldmarschall, Portuguese: marechal, Spanish: mariscal, Persian بز... Field Marshal Ivan Feodorovich Paskevich (Иван Фёдорович Паскевич in Russian) (August 5 (8th NS), 1782-January 20 (February 1, NS), 1856), was a Ukrainian military leader in the Russian service. For his victories, he... Ivan Paskevich, de facto A viceroy is somebody who governs a country or province as a substitute for the monarch. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice-, meaning in the place of and roi, meaning king. A vicereine is a woman in a viceregal position, or a viceroys wife. For example, the... viceroy of Russian Poland.

The Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. Humans have constructed defensive works for many thousands of years, in a variety of increasingly complex designs. Nakhal Fort, one of the best-preserved forts in Oman. Photographed by Andy Carvin, October 2003. Contents // 1... fortress is a pentagon-shaped See also Wikimedia Commons has multimedia related to: Bricks Masonry Brickwork Ceramics Fire brick In role-playing games, a brick is a character whose main useful skill is being able to take a great deal of damage (usually physical damage) and act as a shield for weaker allies. These characters... brick structure with high outer walls, enclosing an area of 36 A hectare (symbol ha) is a metric unit of surface area, equal to 100 ares (the name is a contraction of the SI prefix hecto + are). It is a non-SI unit currently accepted (although discouraged) for use with the SI. In India, also the abbreviation hac is used. One... hectares. Its construction required the demolition of 76 residential buildings and the forcible resettlement of 15, 000 inhabitants.

Work on it commenced May 31 is the 151st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (152nd in leap years). There are 214 days remaining. May Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20... May 31, Years: 1829 1830 1831 - 1832 - 1833 1834 1835 Decades: 1800s 1810s 1820s - 1830s - 1840s 1850s 1860s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1832 in art 1832 in literature 1832 in rail transport 1832 in science 1832 in music 1832 in sports List of state leaders in 1832 List of... 1832, on the site of a demolished monastery and of the Estate may have a number of meanings: Estate is a term used in common law to signify the total of a persons property, entitlements and obligations. Estate may mean the grounds surrounding any very large property, such as a country house or mansion. An Estate (mostly UK) refers to... estate of Fawory. Officially it ended May 4 is the 124th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (125th in leap years). There are 241 days remaining. May Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20... May 4, Years: 1831 1832 1833 - 1834 - 1835 1836 1837 Decades: 1800s 1810s 1820s - 1830s - 1840s 1850s 1860s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1834 in art 1834 in literature 1834 in music 1834 in rail transport 1834 in science 1834 in sports List of state leaders in 1834 List of... 1834, to mark the 18th birthday of Russian Crown Prince Russian: Александр II Николаевич) (April 17, 1818–March 13, 1881) was the Emperor (tsar) of Russia from March 2, 1855 until his assassination. As such, he was also the Grand Duke of... Alexander, for whom it was named. In reality, however, the fortress was not completed until Years: 1871 1872 1873 - 1874 - 1875 1876 1877 Decades: 1840s 1850s 1860s - 1870s - 1880s 1890s 1900s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1874 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Literature - Music Other topics Canada - Rail transport - Science - Sport Lists of leaders: Colonial governors - State leaders Contents // 1 Events 1.1... 1874. The cost of construction came to 11 million 1998 Russian Federation one rouble coin. Heads (right) and tails (left) 1898 Russian Empire one rouble bill. Obverse. 1898 Russian Empire one rouble bill. Reverse. The ruble (Russian рубль, French-derived transliteration rouble) is the currency of the Russian Federation and Belarus (and formerly, of the... roubles, a colossal sum by 19th-century standards, and was borne entirely by the city of Warsaw and the Bank of Poland, as yet another punishment for the failed uprising.

In peacetime, some 5,000 Russian troops were stationed there. During the 1863 The night of January 22, 1863, was the beginning of the new uprising against Russian rule in Poland. The uprising is known as the January Uprising. 1863 - Polonia, oil on canvas, 1864, 156 x 232 cm, National Museum in Kraków. Picture represents the aftermath of the failure of the... January Uprising, the For people named Garrison, see Garrison (disambiguation). In the military, garrison is the collective term for the body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but now often simply using it as a home base. The station is usually a city, town, fort, castle or similar... garrison was reinforced to over 16,000. By 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. Years: 1860 1861 1862 - 1863 - 1864 1865 1866 Decades: 1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1863 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Literature - Music Other topics Canada - Rail transport - Science - Sport Lists of leaders: Colonial... 1863 the fortress housed 555 For the thrash metal band, see Artillery (band) Historically, artillery refers to any engine used for the discharge of projectiles during war. The term also describes ground-based troops with the primary function of manning such weapons. Continental Artillery crew from the American Revolution The word as used in the... artillery pieces of various The word caliber (American English) or calibre (British English) comes from the Italian calibro, itself from the Arabic quâlib, meaning mould. It designates the interior diameter of a tube or the exterior diameter of a wire or rod. In architecture, the caliber of a column is its diameter. In... calibers, and could cover most of the city center with artillery fire.

About the fortress 104 prison A Casemate is a heavy duty structure originally a valuted chamber in a military use the term for a fortified gun emplacment. In civilian use a casemate may be a tunnel cut into a rock face with armoured doors, used for storing volatile goods. See also Bunker Categories: Stub | Fortification... casemates were built, providing A ward is a department in a hospital or similar such institution. In Australia, Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an electoral area of a borough, city, council, county, district, parish, shire or town (Local Government Area). In Japan, a ward (ku or 区... wards for 2,940, mostly political, prisoners. The list of Poles imprisoned and/or executed there up through Download high resolution version (800x769, 100 KB)Soldiers of an Australian 4th Division field artillery brigade on a duckboard track passing through Chateau Wood, near Hooge in the Ypres salient, October 29, 1917. The photograph was taken by James Francis Hurley. The leading soldier is Gunner James Fulton and the... World War I reads like a Who's Who of notable patriots and revolutionaries. They include persons as diverse as Romuald Traugutt, leader of the 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. Years: 1860 1861 1862 - 1863 - 1864 1865 1866 Decades: 1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1863 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Literature - Music Other topics Canada - Rail transport - Science - Sport Lists of leaders: Colonial... 1863 The night of January 22, 1863, was the beginning of the new uprising against Russian rule in Poland. The uprising is known as the January Uprising. 1863 - Polonia, oil on canvas, 1864, 156 x 232 cm, National Museum in Kraków. Picture represents the aftermath of the failure of the... January Uprising; Categories: Stub | 1836 births | 1871 deaths | Polish generals ... Jarosław Dąbrowski, later military chief of the Years: 1868 1869 1870 - 1871 - 1872 1873 1874 Decades: 1840s 1850s 1860s - 1870s - 1880s 1890s 1900s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1871 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Literature - Music Other topics Canada - Rail transport - Science - Sport Lists of leaders: Colonial governors - State leaders Contents // 1 Events 1.1... 1871 Destruction of the Vendôme Column during the Paris Commune The term Paris Commune originally referred to the government of Paris during the French Revolution. However, the term more commonly refers to the socialist government that briefly ruled Paris from March 18 (more formally from March 26) to May 28... Paris Commune; Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (Феликс Эдмундович Дзержинский; September 11, 1877 - July 20, 1926) was a Polish Communist revolutionary, famous as the founder of the Bolshevik secret police... Feliks Dzierżyński, a leader of the Years: 1914 is a This is the calendar for any common year starting on Thursday (dominical letter D). (A common year is a year with 365 days -- in other words, not a leap year.) January February March Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr... 1917 [edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_Russia&action=edit)] History of Russia Early East Slavs Khazars Kievan Rus Volga Bulgaria Mongol invasion Golden Horde Muscovy Crimean Khanate Imperial Russia Revolution of 1905 Revolution of 1917 Civil War Soviet Union Russian Federation The Russian Revolution... Russian Revolution and founder of the The Cheka (ЧК in Russian) was the first (of many) Soviet secret police organizations. A member of Cheka was called chekist. Over the time Cheka underwent reorganization and renaming, but Soviet state security personnel were referred to as Chekists throughout the Soviet period and the term is still found... Cheka A secret police (sometimes political police) force is a police organization that operates in secret to enforce state security. This blanket term generally means keeping the government from being attacked from within (e.g. sabotage, revolution, etc). In countries where rule is by fiat the secret police are often used... secret police; the This article is part of the Communism series. Schools of Communism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Stalinism Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarcho-Communism Eurocommunism Juche Communist states Afghanistan (1978-1992) Albania (1945-1991) Angola (1975-1991) Benin (1975-1990) Bulgaria (1946-1989) Burma (1974-1988) Cambodia (1975-1991) Congo (1969-1991... Marxist theoretician and This article is in need of attention. Please improve it (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Revolutionary&action=edit) in any way you see fit. A revolutionary is somebody who opposes current form of government and wishes to change it. There are two main alternatives of... revolutionary, Rosa Luxemburg (March 5, 1870 or 1871 - January 15, 1919, in Polish language Róża Luksemburg) was a Polish and German Jewish Marxist politician, socialist philosopher, and revolutionary. She was a social democratic theorist of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, and later the Independent Social Democratic Party of... Rosa Luxemburg; the future Marshal of Poland (Marszałek Polski) is the highest rank in the Polish Army. In the past it was granted to six officers. Currently there are no living Marshals in Poland since the title is granted only to military commanders who achieved victory during a war. However, lately a... Marshal of Poland, Józef Piłsudski Józef Piłsudski Jozef Pilsduski This image has been released into the The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has... Józef Piłsudski; Piłsudski's political archrival, Roman Dmowski This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on... Roman Dmowski; and Eligiusz Niewiadomski (1869-1923) was a Polish modernist painter and art critic. He assassinated Polands first president, Gabriel Narutowicz, on December 16, 1922; for this he was sentenced to death and executed. Categories: People stubs | 1869 births | 1923 deaths | Polish painters | Assassins ... Eligiusz Niewiadomski, This article is about those who carry out assassinations and their history. For other meanings of the word assassin, see Assassin (disambiguation) Jack Ruby assassinated Lee Harvey Oswald in a very public manner. In its most common use, assassin has come to mean someone who kills (assassinates) an important person... assassin of History of Poland series Piast Poland Andegawen Poland The Jagiellon Era Nobles’ Democracy Partitions (1795–1914) Poland (1914–1939) Poland (1939–1945) Poland (1945–1989) Poland (1989–present) edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_Poland&action=edit) Contents... Poland's first President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, universities, and countries. Etymologically, a president is one who presides, who sits in leadership (from Latin prae- before + sedere to sit). Originally, the term usually referred to the presiding officer of a ceremony or meeting (i.e. chairman); but... president, Gabriel Narutowicz Gabriel Narutowicz -- taken from Bulgarian Wikipedia Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and... Gabriel Narutowicz. The Citadel's infamous Tenth Pavilion has, since Years: 1960 1961 1962 - 1963 - 1964 1965 1966 Decades: 1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1963 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1963, served as a A museum is a non-profit making, permanent institution in the service of society and of its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits, for purposes of study, education and enjoyment, the tangible and intangible evidence of people and their environment. This definition is taken... museum.

Well before the turn of the (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... 20th century, it was apparent that such traditional fortifications had been made obsolete by modern Rifling is the means by which a firearm gyroscopically stabilizes a projectile. Most rifling is created by a number of grooves that have been cut with a machine tool, pressed or forged into the barrel of the weapon. The grooves are the spaces that are cut out, and the each... rifled For the thrash metal band, see Artillery (band) Historically, artillery refers to any engine used for the discharge of projectiles during war. The term also describes ground-based troops with the primary function of manning such weapons. Continental Artillery crew from the American Revolution The word as used in the... artillery. The History of Russia History of Russia History of Russia History of Russia -1... Early East Slavs History of Russia History of Russia History of Russia History of Russia series, History of Ukraine, and History of Belarus Early East Slavs Kievan Rus’ Volga Bulgaria Khazaria Mongol invasion Golden Horde Muscovy... Tsarist authorities had planned in 1913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. (click on link for calendar) Years: 1910 1911 1912 - 1913 - 1914 1915 1916 Decades: 1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1913 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail... 1913 to raze the fortress, but the process had not begun before the outbreak of Download high resolution version (800x769, 100 KB)Soldiers of an Australian 4th Division field artillery brigade on a duckboard track passing through Chateau Wood, near Hooge in the Ypres salient, October 29, 1917. The photograph was taken by James Francis Hurley. The leading soldier is Gunner James Fulton and the... World War I. In Years: 1912 1913 1914 - 1915 - 1916 1917 1918 Decades: 1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1915 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1915 Warsaw was occupied by The word German can mean: From or related to Germany or its predecessor states - see also the German language Germanic tribes Holy Roman Empire (843-1806) German Confederation (1815-1866) North German Confederation (1867 - 1871) German Empire (1871-1918) Weimar Republic (1919-1933) Nazi Germany (1933-1945) West Germany (1949... German forces with little opposition from the Russian garrison, which abandoned the fortress and withdrew east. The Germans blew up several of its structures, but the main part of the Citadel remained intact.

After Poland regained her independence in Years: Years: 1912 1913 1914 - 1915 - 1916 1917 1918 Decades: 1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1915 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders... 1918, the Citadel was taken over by the Polish Armed Forces Military manpower Military age 18 years of age Availability males age 15-49: 10,354,978 (2003 est.) Reaching military age annually males: 343,500 (2003 est.) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3.5 billion (FY2002 est.) Percent of GDP 1.71% (FY2002 est.) Polish Army (Polish Wojsko... Polish Army. It was used as a garrison, infantry training center, and depot for war materiel. During the 1944 The Warsaw Uprising Build up The Battle Lack of outside support Capitulation After effects Symbols and media Military participants Notable People Facts and figures The Warsaw Uprising (Powstanie Warszawskie) was an armed struggle during the Second World War by the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) to liberate Warsaw from German... Warsaw Uprising, its German garrison prevented For other meanings of Home Army see: Home Army (disambiguation) This article is part of the series: Polish Secret State History of Poland The authorities Government Administration Parliament Courts Political organizations 1PPS (socialists) 2SL (agrarian party) 3SN (right-wing party) SP (Christian democrats) 4PPR (communists) 5Bund and Hatzoar (Jewish left... Armia Krajowa units from the city center from linking up with units from northern Warsaw's Żoliborz district. The fortress survived the The word German can mean: From or related to Germany or its predecessor states - see also the German language Germanic tribes Holy Roman Empire (843-1806) German Confederation (1815-1866) North German Confederation (1867 - 1871) German Empire (1871-1918) Weimar Republic (1919-1933) Nazi Germany (1933-1945) West Germany (1949... German occupation and in Years: 1942 1943 1944 - 1945 - 1946 1947 1948 Decades: 1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1945 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1945 again became Polish Armed Forces Military manpower Military age 18 years of age Availability males age 15-49: 10,354,978 (2003 est.) Reaching military age annually males: 343,500 (2003 est.) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3.5 billion (FY2002 est.) Percent of GDP 1.71% (FY2002 est.) Polish Army (Polish Wojsko... Polish Army property.

History

See also:

External link:

History GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

See also:

External link:

History