Washington
Coordinates: 54°54′40″N 1°30′31″W / 54.9111, -1.5086 Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...
Population	55,454
OS grid reference	NZ3157
Metropolitan borough	Sunderland
Metropolitan county	Tyne and Wear
Region	North East
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	WASHINGTON
Postcode district	NE37,38
Dial code	0191
Police	Northumbria
Fire	Tyne and Wear
Ambulance	North East
UK Parliament	Houghton and Washington East
	Gateshead East and Washington West
European Parliament	North East England
List of places: UK • England • Tyne and Wear

Washington Old Hall

Washington is a town in North East England, within the City of Sunderland metropolitan borough. Washington is located 10 miles (16 km) west of Sunderland City Centre itself and roughly the same distance south of Newcastle upon Tyne. At the 2001 census, the town had a population of 55,454. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (600x800, 11 KB) Summary Description: A blank map of the United Kingdom, with country outline and coastline; contact the author for help with modifications or add-ons Source: Reference map provided by Demis Mapper 6 Date: 2006-21-06 Author: User... Image File history File links Red_pog. ... The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using latitude or longitude. ... The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government. ... The City of Sunderland is a metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear in North East England. ... Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of English administrative division used for the purposes of local government. ... Tyne and Wear is a metropolitan county in the North East of England around the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear. ... The region, also known as Government Office Region, is currently the highest tier of local government subnational entity of England in the United Kingdom. ... North-East England is one of the nine official regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear and a small part of North Yorkshire. ... This is an alphabetical list of countries of the world, including independent states (both those that are internationally recognised and generally unrecognised), inhabited dependent territories and areas of special sovereignty. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 967 AD  Area  -  Total 130,395 km²  50,346 sq mi  Population  -  2007 estimate... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... A post town is a required part of all UK postal addresses. ... UK postal codes are known as postcodes. ... The NE postcode area, also known as the Newcastle upon Tyne postcode area[2], is a group of postal districts around Alnwick, Ashington, Bamburgh, Bedlington, Belford, Blaydon-on-Tyne, Blyth, Boldon Colliery, Chathill, Choppington, Corbridge, Cramlington, East Boldon, Gateshead, Haltwhistle, Hebburn, Hexham, Jarrow, Morpeth, Newbiggin-by-the-Sea, Newcastle Upon... The UK telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Numbering Plan, is regulated by the Office of Communications (Ofcom), which replaced the Office of Telecommunications (Oftel) in 2003. ... Northumbria Police is the police force for the north English counties of Northumberland and Tyne and Wear. ... A Fire Appliance belonging to the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service The fire service in the United Kingdom has undergone dramatic changes since the beginning of the 21st century, a process that has been propelled by a devolution of central government powers, new legislation and a change to operational... View of a Tyne and Wear Volvo Fire Appliance. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The North East Ambulance Service NHS Trust is the authority responsible for providing NHS ambulance services in Darlington, Durham, Hartlepool, Middlesbrough, Northumberland, Stockton-on-Tees, and Tyne and Wear in the North East England region. ... The United Kingdom House of Commons is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs). ... Houghton and Washington East is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... Gateshead East and Washington West is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... This is a list of Members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom in the 2004 to 2009 session, ordered by name. ... North East England is a constituency of the European Parliament. ... List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places within counties List of places in Bedfordshire List of places in Berkshire List of places in Buckinghamshire List of places in Cambridgeshire List of places in Cheshire List of places in Cleveland List of places... This is a list of cities, towns and villages in the ceremonial county of Tyne and Wear, England. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1359 KB) Summary Washington Old Hall, in Washington (Tyne and Wear), ancestral home of the family of George Washington. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1359 KB) Summary Washington Old Hall, in Washington (Tyne and Wear), ancestral home of the family of George Washington. ... North-East England is one of the nine official regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear and a small part of North Yorkshire. ... The City of Sunderland is a metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear in North East England. ... A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England, covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. ... The Wearmouth Bridge Sunderland (pronounced: , or ) is a city in North East England which was formerly a county borough, and is now part of the City of Sunderland in Tyne and Wear. ... This article is about a city in the United Kingdom. ... UK Census 2001 logo A nationwide census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001. ...

Washington was designated a new town in 1964 and expanded dramatically by the creation of new villages and the absorption of areas of Chester-le-Street to house overspill population from surrounding cities. Below is a list of some of the new towns in the United Kingdom created under the various New Town Acts of the 20th century. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... Chester-le-Street is a market town in County Durham, England with a history going back to Roman times. ...

The main shopping centre is 'The Galleries', an indoor complex housing local shops and services, and the ASDA and Sainsbury's (previously known as SavaCentre, a Sainsbury's subsidiary) supermarkets. 'The Galleries' is known by all in Washington, it acts as the town centre, a meeting place, and it has a bus station that connects Washington to the centre of Sunderland and to other towns (Newcastle, Gateshead etc). It was officially opened in 1974 by Princess Anne. A large area of parkland extends south from 'The Galleries' and is known as Princess Anne Park. ASDA is a chain of supermarkets in the United Kingdom offering food, clothing and general merchandise products. ... J Sainsbury plc is the parent company of Sainsburys Supermarkets Ltd, commonly known as Sainsburys, a chain of supermarkets in the United Kingdom. ... Supermarket produce section A supermarket is a store that sells a wide variety of goods including food and alcohol, medicine, clothes, and other household products that are consumed regularly. ... The Princess Anne, Princess Royal (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; born 15 August 1950), is a member of the British Royal Family and the only daughter of Elizabeth II. She is the seventh holder of the title Princess Royal, and is currently ninth in the line of succession to the British...

History

The origin of the name Washington is not fully known; it may be from Old English wæsc "to wash" + -inga 'people of' + dun "hill" (i.e. people of the hill by the stream). Due to its proximity to the Wear, this origin seems likely. This origin is shown in a record of the name as Wasindone from 1096. Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ... The River Wear (pronounced Wee-er) is a river in the North East of England. ...

(A problem with this etymology is that it would appear to mix Germanic with Celtic words. Dun would indicate a Celtic origin, the cognate Anglo-Saxon word being tun. Tun, like dun, also commonly refers to a fortified hill town, typically enclosed by a wall. Cf. Dutch tuin "garden" and High German Zaun "fence", both from earlier Germanic *tu:n. Resolution of this tension might be found in the Irish and Scottish Gaelic word for "water", uisce/uisge, in which case an earlier Uisgedun or some such might have been replaced by an Anglo-Saxon Wæscingtun; but this, as is much etymology in particular of proper names, is all highly speculative.) The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, spoken by ancient and modern Celts alike. ... Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ... Subdivisions Central German Upper German High German (in German, Hochdeutsch) is any of several German dialects spoken in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and Luxembourg (as well as in neighbouring portions of Belgium, France (Alsace), Italy, Poland, and Romania (Transylvania) and in some areas of former colonial settlement, for example in...

Another origin, equally likely is 'estate associated with a man called Wassa', from the Old English personal name Wassa + ing- + tun, -ing- meaning '(place) of' and tun (farm, estate, town). This origin is shown in a record of the name as Wassyngtona from 1183.
However, this is not a conclusive toponymical origin of the name; it is still not ascertained. Ronda, Spain Main street in Bastrop, Texas, a small town A town is a community of people ranging from a few hundred to several thousands, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

The Old Hall may have been built by William de Hertburn, who moved to the area in 1183. As was the custom he took the name of his new estates, and became William de Wessyngton. By 1539 when the family moved to Sulgrave Manor in Northamptonshire the spelling "Washington" had been adopted. It was from Washington Village that the ancestors of George Washington, the first President of the United States, emigrated to Virginia in 1657. Ironically they emigrated because of their Royalist sympathies. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Events Three-year old Emperor Go-Toba ascends to the throne of Japan after the forced abdication of his brother Antoku during the Genpei War William of Tyre excommunicated by the newly appointed Heraclius of Jerusalem, firmly ending their struggle for power Andronicus I Comnenus becomes the Byzantine emperor Births... Events May 30 - In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal to find gold. ... Sulgrave Manor, The second Cradle of the Washingtons. ... Northamptonshire (abbreviated Northants or Nhants) is a landlocked county in central England with a population of 629,676 (2001 census). ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... The presidential seal was first used in 1880 by President Rutherford B. Hayes and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ... Official language(s) English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Area  Ranked 35th  - Total 42,793 sq mi (110,862 km²)  - Width 200 miles (320 km)  - Length 430 miles (690 km)  - % water 7. ... Events January 8 - Miles Sindercombe, would-be-assassin of Oliver Cromwell, and his group are captured in London February - Admiral Robert Blake defeats the Spanish West Indian Fleet in a battle over the seizure of Jamaica. ... Prince Rupert of the Rhine Cavaliers was the name used by Parliamentarians for the Royalist supporters of King Charles I during the English Civil War (1642–1651). ...

The present Hall is an early 17th century small English manor house of sandstone. Only the foundations and the arches between the Kitchen and the Great Hall remain of the original house. (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Ightham Mote For the London district, see Manor House, London. ... Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth due to erosion by flash flooding over millions of years Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ...

Washington's curious design was incorporated from many towns in the United States. The new town is divided into small self-sufficient "villages". It was originally also divided into 15 numbered districts, a fate which confused many visitors to the area. These numbered districts have gradually been removed, and now road signs indicate the villages' names instead of district number. Washington's villages are called Donwell, Usworth (originally Great Usworth), Concord, Sulgrave, Albany, Glebe, Barmston, Biddick, Washington Village (the original village and location of the Old Hall), Columbia, Blackfell, Oxclose, Ayton, Lambton, Fatfield, Harraton and Rickleton. Built on industry, the town itself has several industrial estates, named after famous local people, such as Parsons, Armstrong, Stephenson, Crowther, Pattinson, Swan and Emmerson.

In 1970, Washington hosted the English Schools Athletic Association (ESAA) annual National Championships, attended by the then Lord Lieutenant of County Durham. Flag of a Lord-Lieutenant The title Lord-Lieutenant is given to the British monarchs personal representatives around the United Kingdom. ...

Industry

Historically, Washington was heavily involved in the coal industry with a number of pits. One of these in the Albany district of Washington is preserved as the 'F' Pit Museum (pits in Washington were named alphabetically e.g. the 'F' Pit). A number of the old communities of Washington grew up around the pits (e.g. the modern area of Usworth partly grew up around the Usworth mine and the area was known as Usworth Colliery (and still is to some of the older generation). In support of the mines there was a series of wagonways and later railway lines to transport the coal. The wagonways took coal to staithes on the River Wear where it could be loaded onto barges to be taken to the ocean going vessels at Sunderland. Wagonways are the horses, equipment, and tracks used for hauling wagons which preceded steam powered railways. ...

Washington from Penshaw Monument.

Washington was also involved in the chemical industry and the Washington Chemical Works was a major employer in the 19th Century. This later became the Cape/Newalls works producing insulation. The Pattinson Town area of Washington grew up around the chemical works. This area is now Pattinson industrial estate and Teal Farm housing estate. This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...

Currently, Washington's main industries include textiles, electronics, car assembly, chemicals and electrical goods. The Nissan automotive plant is a major employer. Nissan is the largest private-sector employer in the City of Sunderland. Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd, or NMUK is a car manufacturing plant in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom. ...

Visitor attractions

The Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust nature reserve and the Washington 'F' Pit mining museum are within the town, and Beamish Open-Air Museum is located nearby. WWT Washington is a wetland reserve managed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust at Washington, Tyne and Wear. ... Replica Steam Elephant locomotive, Pockerley Waggonway Beamish, The North of England Open Air Museum is an open air museum located in the town of Stanley, County Durham, England. ...

The Washington Arts Centre is a converted farm building. The Centre includes an exhibition gallery, community theatre, artist studios and a recording studio.

The North of England Aircraft Museum occupies part of the old RAF Usworth base. The Nissan plant takes up much of the rest. An attempt to run a municipal airport from the site failed. The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd, or NMUK is a car manufacturing plant in Sunderland, North East England. ...

Education

There are several schools in the villages of Washington.

• Primary schools in the area
  • Albany Village Primary
  • St.Joseph's Roman Catholic Primary School
  • John F. Kennedy Primary School
  • Biddick Primary School
  • Lambton Primary School
  • Holley Park Primary School
  • George Washington School
  • Usworth Colliery
  • Usworth Grange
  • Oxclose Primary
  • Barmston Primary
  • Wessington Primary - (formerly Glebe Primary)
  • St.Bedes Roman Catholic Primary School
  • Rickleton Primary School
  • St John Boste RC Primary School

• Secondary schools in Washington.
  • Usworth School opened in Washington in the 1960s has been confirmed for closure at the end of the 2006-07 school year. 2004 OFSTED report in (pdf).
  • Biddick Sports College
  • Washington School (formerly Washington Grammar School)
  • St.Robert of Newminster (Roman Catholic Secondary School)
  • Oxclose Community Secondary School

• Colleges in Washington
  • Usworth Sixth Form
  • St.Robert of Newminster Sixth Form

The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... Usworth Sixth Form College Usworth Sixth Form College has been recently (2006) built next to Usworth Comprehensive School, in Washington, Tyne and Wear. ...

Transport

Washington has no railway station, making it one of the largest towns in Britain without an operational railway station (see Corby and Gosport). Proposals to extend the Tyne and Wear Metro to Washington have failed to attract support. There is a bus station next to The Galleries. Major roads run through Washington, with connections to the A1. Washington services is situated between junctions 64 and 65 of the A1(M) motorway Shown within Northamptonshire Geography Status: Borough Region: East Midlands Admin. ... Gosport is a town and district in Hampshire with around 77,000 inhabitants (including Lee-on-the-Solent), situated on the south coast of England. ... The Tyne and Wear Metro is a light rail metro system based around Newcastle upon Tyne and Sunderland, in the county of Tyne and Wear in North East England. ... Sign at Junction 1 of the A1(M) at South Mimms in Hertfordshire The A1 is the longest numbered road in the UK at 409 miles (658 km) long. ... Sign at Junction 1 of the A1(M) at South Mimms in Hertfordshire The A1, at 409 miles (658 km) long, is the longest numbered British road. ... Motorway symbol in UK, France and Ireland. ...

Famous people

Gertrude Bell was born at Washington Hall. The musician Bryan Ferry (of Roxy Music fame) comes from Washington and attended Washington Grammar School (now Washington School (Comprehensive)), Heather Mills attended Usworth School and Daniel Reay from Albany. Self-proclaimed pool legend Andrew Hedley is also from the area. Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell (July 14, 1868–July 12, 1926) was a British woman who had a major hand in creating the modern state of Iraq. ... It has been suggested that Otis Ferry be merged into this article or section. ... Roxy Music are an English art rock group founded in the early 1970s by art school graduate Bryan Ferry (vocals and keyboards). ... Heather, Lady McCartney (born January 12, 1968), usually known as Heather Mills (her maiden name) or Heather Mills McCartney, a former model and anti-land mines campaigner, is best known for marrying Sir Paul McCartney. ...

See also

• List of bands/musicians from North East England

This is a list of noteworthy bands and musicians from the North East of England. ...

External links

• Washington.co.uk
• Sunderland City Council
• Official Website Of The Galleries