The Watchung Mountains are a pair of two long low ridge lateral morraines formed by glaciers in the most recent ice age, between 400 ft. (122 m) and 500 ft. (152 m) high, lying parallel to each other in northern New Jersey in the United States. The ridges, known as First Watchung Mountain (the southeastern ridge) and Second Watchung Mountain (the northwestern ridge), stretch for approximately 40 miles (64 km) from Somerville in the southwest to Paterson in the northeast. Collectively, the two ridges demarcate a geologic barrier on the western edge of the plains west of the Hudson River. The highest point in the Watchungs is High Mountain in Wayne, which is over 1,000 ft. (304 m) in elevation. Other notable summits are Garrett Mountain in Paterson and the Hilltop in Verona, Cedar Grove, and North Caldwell. All along the Watchungs there are county reservations. Official language(s) None defined, English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 47th 22,608 km² 110 km 240 km 14. ... 9/11 Memorial and Court House, Somerville, NJ Somerville is a Borough located in Somerset County, New Jersey. ... The skyline of Paterson, New Jersey, showing the canyon of the Passaic River in the foreground. ... View of the Hudson in the 1880s showing Jersey City The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican, is a river running mainly through New York State but partly forming the boundary between the states of New York and New Jersey. ... Wayne is a township located in Passaic County, New Jersey. ... Map of Verona Township in Essex County Verona is a township located in Essex County, New Jersey. ... Cedar Grove Township is a census-designated place and township located in Essex County, New Jersey. ... North Caldwell is a borough located in Essex County, New Jersey. ...

A section of the Hilltop in North Caldwell -- the site that used to contain a hospital for tuberculosis sufferers -- is the highest point in Essex County; the county hospital was built there because the high elevation provided clean, mountain air away from the cities to the east, that is beneficial for people with TB. Tuberculosis (commonly shortened to TB) is an infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly effects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also effect the central nervous system (meningitis), lymphatic system, circulatory system (Miliary tuberculosis), genitourinary system, bones and joints. ... Essex County is a county located in the northeastern part of the state of New Jersey. ...

The mountains have historically been the site of extensive quarrying of basalt. Since the 1970s, the area has seen extensive suburban growth, but before the construction of the interstate highway system, the Watchungs actually held back urbanization. Basalt Basalt is a common gray to black volcanic rock. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... It has been suggested that Suburbia be merged into this article or section. ... Interstate Highways in the 48 contiguous states. ...

During the Revolutionary War, General Washington used the protection of the Watchung mountains to erect the first and second Middlebrook encampment. This position on the high ground also allowed him to monitor and disturb British movements between New York City and Philadelphia. Combatants American Revolutionaries, France, Netherlands, Spain, allies British Empire, German states, allies Commanders George Washington Comte de Rochambeau Nathanael Greene William Howe Henry Clinton Charles Cornwallis Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties {{{casualties1}}} {{{casualties2}}} {{{notes}}} The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War for Independence, was the military... Order: 1st President Term of Office: April 30, 1789–March 3, 1797 Preceded by: None Succeeded by: John Adams Date of birth: February 22, 1732 Place of birth: Westmoreland County, Virginia Date of death: December 14, 1799 Place of death: Mount Vernon, Virginia First Lady: Martha Washington Political party: none... Thirteen Star Flag at Middlebrook encampment is displayed continuously The Middlebrook encampment refers to the seasonal encampment of the Continental Army during the American War for Independence at a site near Martinsville, New Jersey that straddles the ridge of the First Watchung mountains. ... Nickname: The Big Apple Motto: Official website: City of New York Location [[Image:|250px|250px|Location of City of New York, New York]] Location in the state of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Official website: http://www. ...