Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms which are directly transmitted when contaminated drinking water is consumed. Contaminated drinking water used in the preparation of food can be the source of foodborne disease through consumption of the same microorganisms. According to the World Health Organization, diarrheal disease accounts for an estimated 4.1% of the total DALY global burden of disease and is responsible for the deaths of 1.8 million people every year. It was estimated that 88% of that burden is attributable to unsafe water supply, sanitation and hygiene and is mostly concentrated on children in developing countries.^[1] A pathogen (literally birth of pain from the Greek παθογένεια) is a biological agent that can cause disease to its host. ... A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye). ... Drinking water Mineral Water Drinking water is water that is intended to be ingested by humans. ... Foodborne illness or food poisoning is caused by consuming food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, toxins, viruses, prions or parasites. ... The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. ... The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) is a comprehensive regional and global assessment of mortality and disability from 107 diseases and injuries and ten risk factors. ...

Waterborne disease can be caused by protozoa, viruses, bacteria, and intestinal parasites. Wikisource has an original article from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica about: Protozoa Protozoa (in Greek proto = first and zoa = animals) are single-celled eukaryotes (organisms whose cells have nuclei) that commonly show characteristics usually associated with animals, most notably mobility and heterotrophy. ... Stop editing pages god ... Phyla Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. ... Intestinal parasites are parasites that populate the gastro-intestinal tract. ...

Protozoal infections

Amoebiasis is infection by an protozoan, typically Entamoeba histolytica. ... Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease affecting the intestines of mammals that is caused by Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite in the phylum Apicomplexa. ... Binomial name Cryptosporidium parvum Cryptosporidium parvum is one of several species that cause cryptosporidiosis. ... Cyclospora cayetanensis is a pathogenic protozoan transmitted by feces or feces-contaminated fresh produce and water. ... Giardiasis (also known as beaver fever) is a disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Giardia lamblia (also Giardia intestinalis). ... Subclasses Dihaplophasea Haplophasea Microsporidia are parasites of animals, now considered to be extremely reduced fungi. ... An intestinal infection that causes diarrhea and wasting in persons with HIV. It results from two different species of microsporidia, a protozoal parasite. ... Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota The Fungi (singular: fungus) are a large group of organisms ranked as a kingdom within the Domain Eukaryota. ...

Parasitic Infections

Schistosomiasis or bilharzia is a disease affecting many people in developing countries. ... Dracunciliasis, more commonly known as Guinea Worm Disease (GWD), is an infection caused by the parasite Dracunculus medinensis (also known as Guinea worm). The word Dracunculus comes from the Latin little dragon. // An adult female Dracunculus worm emerges through the skin of its human host one to two years after... Fascioliasis is caused by the trematodes Fasciola hepatica (the sheep liver fluke) and Fasciola gigantica, parasites of herbivores that can infect humans accidentally. ... Enterobiasis is the medical condition of being infected with pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis). ...

Bacterial infections

• Botulism - Clostridium botulinum bacteria - gastro-intestinal food/water borne; can grow in food

• Campylobacteriosis

• Cholera - Vibrio cholerae bacteria - gastro-intestinal often waterborne

• Chronic granulomatous disease - caused by the Mycobacterium marinum infection and localized in skin, frequently occurred with aquarium keepers ^[3].

• Diarrhoeal diseases - caused by the water contamination of Cryptosporidium parvum ^[4].

• Dysentery - Shigella/Salmonella bacteria - gastro-intestinal food/water

• Legionellosis - cause Pontiac fever and Legionnaires' disease

• Leptospirosis-

• Otitis externa

• Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

• Typhoid - Salmonella typhi bacteria - gastro-intestinal water/food borne

• Vibrio illness caused by the bacteria of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus commonly found in seafood and recreational water ^[5].

Botulism (Latin, botulus, sausage) is a rare, but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin, botulin, that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. ... Campylobacteriosis is among the most common bacterial infections of humans. ... Cholera (or Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera) is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ... ]] compounds (most importantly, the superoxide radical) used to kill certain ingested pathogens. ... Binomial name // Mycobacterium marinum (formerly ) is a free-living bacterium, which causes opportunistic infections in humans. ... Diarrhea or diarrhoea (see spelling differences) is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent loose bowel movements (from the ancient Greek word διαρροή = leakage; lit. ... Binomial name Cryptosporidium parvum Cryptosporidium parvum is one of several species that cause cryptosporidiosis. ... Dysentery (formerly known as flux or the bloody flux) is the term for tenesmus (painful straining to pass stool), cramping, and frequent, small-volume severe diarrhea associated with blood in the feces. ... Legionellosis is an infection caused by the genus of Gram negative bacteria Legionella, notably Legionella pneumophila. ... Binomial name Naegleria fowleri Carter (1970) Naegleria fowleri (pronounced nuh-GLEER-e-uh) is a free living amoeba typically found in warm fresh water, from 25-35 degrees Celsius in a flagellated stage. ... This is about the disease typhoid fever. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Binomial name (Miyamoto et al. ... Vibrio parahaemolyticus food infection, an acute form of gastroenteritis, was first described in Japan more than 30 years ago. ...

Viral Infections

• Adenovirus infection - its serotypes are typically waterborne ^[6].

• Astroviruses -

• Caliciviruses -

• Coronaviruses - cause SARS and excreted in the feces ^[2]

• Hepatitis A - Hepatitis A virus - gastro-intestinal water/food borne

• Parvoviruses - associated with Gastroenteritis ^[2].

• Polio - polioviruses - gastro-intestinal exposure to untreated

• Small Round Structured Virus

• Enteric Adenoviruses-

Adenovirus infections most commonly cause illness of the respiratory system; however, depending on the infecting serotype, they may also cause various other illnesses, such as gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, cystitis, and rash illness. ... Coronavirus is a genus of animal virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae. ... Sars may refer to any of the following: Severe acute respiratory syndrome, commonly abbreviated as SARS Michael Sars, a Norwegian biologist, father of Georg Sars Georg Sars, a Norwegian biologist, son of Michael Sars Special Administrative Regions, commonly abbreviated as SARs Sars, Perm Krai, an urban settlement in Perm Krai... Species Canine minute virus Canine parvovirus Chicken parvovirus Feline panleukopenia virus Feline parvovirus HB virus H-1 virus Kilham rat virus Lapine parvovirus LUIII virus Mice minute virus Mink enteritis virus Mouse parvovirus 1 Porcine parvovirus Raccoon parvovirus RT parvovirus Tumor virus X Parvovirus, commonly called parvo, is a genus... Gastroenteritis involves diarrhea or vomiting, with noninflammatory infection of the upper small bowel, or inflammatory infection of the colon, both part of the gastrointestinal tract. ...

Allergic infections

• Hay fever - a part of disease rate is associated with the high frequency of swimming pool attendance in childhood ^[7]
• Meningitis

For the play, see Hay Fever. ... Meningitis is the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the central nervous system, known collectively as the meninges. ...

References

is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

See also

• Drinking water
• Free-living amebic infection
• Portable water purification
• Public health
• Swimming pool sanitation
• Water pollution
• Water resources

Drinking water Mineral Water Drinking water is water that is intended to be ingested by humans. ... Causal Agents Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba spp. ... There is often a need to be able to treat water in remote or rural locations, or in emergency settings, to make it safe for drinking purposes. ... Public health is concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Raw sewage and industrial waste flows into the U.S. from Mexico as the New River passes from Mexicali, Baja California to Calexico, California Water pollution is a large set of adverse effects upon water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater caused by human activities. ... Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to humans. ...

External links

• World Health Organization
• Center for Diseases Control U.S.
• Safe Water for International Travelers gives a rating of water safety worldwide
• Genome information on Shigella is available at the NIAID Enteropathogen Resource Integration Center (ERIC)