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A waterfall is usually a geological formation resulting from water, often in the form of a stream, flowing over an erosion-resistant rock formation that forms a sudden break in elevation.
Waterfalls may also be artificial, and they are sometimes used for garden and landscape ornament.
Waterfalls are a hindrance to river transportation, and so the Welland Canal was built in 1829 to allow ships to pass Niagara Falls in the Great Lakes.