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A waveguide is a structure which guides waves, such as electromagnetic waves, light, or sound waves. There are different types of waveguide for each type of wave. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ... Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Sound is a disturbance of mechanical energy that propagates through matter as a wave. ...

--61.5.142.21 08:49, 4 October 2007 (UTC)--61.5.142.21 08:49, 4 October 2007 (UTC)== Electromagnetic waveguides ==

Main articles: Waveguide (electromagnetism) and transmission line

Waveguides can be constructed to carry waves over a wide portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, but are especially useful in the microwave and optical frequency ranges. Depending on the frequency, they can be constructed from either conductive or dielectric materials. Waveguides are used for transferring both power and communication signals. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Waveguide (optics). ... A transmission line is the material medium or structure that forms all or part of a path from one place to another for directing the transmission of energy, such as electromagnetic waves or acoustic waves, as well as electric power transmission. ... Legend γ = Gamma rays HX = Hard X-rays SX = Soft X-Rays EUV = Extreme ultraviolet NUV = Near ultraviolet Visible light NIR = Near infrared MIR = Moderate infrared FIR = Far infrared Radio waves EHF = Extremely high frequency (Microwaves) SHF = Super high frequency (Microwaves) UHF = Ultra high frequency VHF = Very high frequency HF = High... This article is about the type of Electromagnetic radiation. ... For the book by Sir Isaac Newton, see Opticks. ... Conduction is the movement of electrically charged particles through a transmission medium (electrical conductor). ... A dielectric, or electrical insulator, is a substance that is highly resistant to electric current. ... Look up Power in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Optical waveguides

Main article: Waveguide (optics)

Waveguides used at optical frequencies are typically dielectric waveguides, structures in which a dielectric material with high permittivity, and thus high index of refraction, is surrounded by a material with lower permittivity. The structure guides optical waves by total internal reflection. The most common optical waveguide is optical fiber. In electromagnetics and communications engineering, a waveguide is defined as any physical structure that guides electromagnetic waves. ... A dielectric, or electrical insulator, is a substance that is highly resistant to electric current. ... Permittivity is a physical quantity that describes how an electric field affects and is affected by a dielectric medium and is determined by the ability of a material to polarize in response to an applied electric field, and thereby to cancel, partially, the field inside the material. ... The refractive index of a material is the factor by which electromagnetic radiation is slowed down (relative to vacuum) when it travels inside the material. ... The larger the angle to the normal, the smaller is the fraction of light transmitted, until the angle when total internal reflection occurs. ... Optical fibers An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber designed to guide light along its length by confining as much light as possible in a propagating form. ...

Other types of optical waveguide are also used, including photonic-crystal fiber, which guides waves by any of several distinct mechanisms. Guides in the form of a hollow tube with a highly reflective inner surface have also been used as light pipes for illumination applications. The inner surfaces may be polished metal, or may be covered with a multilayer film that guides light by Bragg reflection (this is a special case of a photonic-crystal fiber). One can also use small prisms around the pipe which reflect light via total internal reflection [1]—such confinement is necessarily imperfect, however, since total internal reflection can never truly guide light within a lower-index core (in the prism case, some light leaks out at the prism corners). Photonic-crystal fiber (PCF), also spelled fibre, is a new class of optical fiber based on the properties of photonic crystals. ... Light tubes or light pipes are used for transporting or distributing natural or artificial light. ... In physics, Braggs law is the result of experiments into the diffraction of X-rays or neutrons off crystal surfaces at certain angles, derived by physicists Sir W.H. Bragg and his son Sir W.L. Bragg in 1912, and first presented on 1912-11-11 to the Cambridge... If a shaft of light entering a prism is sufficiently narrow, a spectrum results. ...

Acoustic waveguides

Main article: Waveguide (acoustics)

An acoustic waveguide is a physical structure for guiding sound waves. A duct for sound propagation also behaves like a transmission line. The duct contains some medium, such as air, that supports sound propagation. An acoustic waveguide is a physical structure for guiding sound waves. ... A transmission line is the material medium or structure that forms all or part of a path from one place to another for directing the transmission of energy, such as electromagnetic waves or acoustic waves, as well as electric power transmission. ...

Sound synthesis

Main article: Digital waveguide synthesis

Uses digital delay lines as computational elements to simulate wave propagation in tubes of wind instruments and the vibrating strings of string instruments. Digital waveguide synthesis is the synthesis of audio using a digital waveguide. ... A digital delay line is a discrete element in digital filter theory, which allows a signal to be delayed by a number of samples. ... Wave propagation refers to the ways waves travel through a medium (waveguide). ... A wind instrument consists of a tube containing a column of air which is set into vibration by the player blowing into (or over) a mouthpiece set into the end of the tube. ... Vibration, standing waves in a string, The fundamental and the first 6 overtones which form a harmonique serie A vibration in a string is a wave. ... A string instrument (also stringed instrument) is a musical instrument that produces sound by means of vibrating strings. ...