Internet Archive headquarters, San Francisco

The "Internet Archive" (archive.org), located in the Presidio of San Francisco, was founded by Brewster Kahle in 1996 and is dedicated to maintaining an archive of the Internet. Their collections include "snapshots of the World Wide Web" (archived copies of pages, taken at various points in time), movies, audio recordings, many of which are high-quality live concert recordings from bands that allow it (see Taper-friendly band), books, and software. Internet Archive San Francisco Copyright and permission by: http://web. ... The Presidio of San Francisco is a park on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula in the City and County of San Francisco. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Brewster Kahle speaking 20 November 2002 Brewster Kahle (last name pronounced kale, like the vegetable) was an early member of the Thinking Machines team and later went on to found WAIS (sold to AOL) and later Alexa Internet (sold to Amazon. ... 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Archives refers to a collection of records with specific characteristics, and also refers to the location in which these records are kept. ... The snapshot is a concept in photography introduced by Eastman Kodak with their Brownie box camera in 1900: A casual photograph taken without any particular pre-arrangement, often of every day events. ... Graphic representation of the World Wide Web around Wikipedia The World Wide Web (WWW, W3, or simply Web) is an information space in which the items of interest, referred to as resources, are identified by global identifiers called Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). ... Film refers to the celluloid media on which movies are printed Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. ... Audio can mean: Sound that can be heard. ... This is an alphabetical list of bands which allow and encourage fans to tape their live performances. ... Look up book in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ...

The Archive makes the collections available at no cost to researchers, historians, and scholars. At present, it takes someone with a certain level of technical knowledge to access collections in a way other than the archive.org website, but there is no requirement that a user be affiliated with any particular organization.

According to archive.org: "Most societies place importance on preserving artifacts of their culture and heritage. Without such artifacts, civilization has no memory and no mechanism to learn from its successes and failures. Our culture now produces more and more artifacts in digital form. The Archive's mission is to help preserve those artifacts and create an Internet library for researchers, historians, and scholars. The Archive collaborates with institutions including the Library of Congress and the Smithsonian." Library of Congress, Jefferson building The Library of Congress is the unofficial national library of the United States. ... The Smithsonian Institution Building or Castle on the National Mall serves as the Institutions headquarters. ...

Because of its goal of preserving human knowledge and artifacts, and making their collection available to all, proponents of the archive have likened it to the Library at Alexandria. Many people consider the Internet Archive to be a sister project to the Wikimedia Foundation's various projects. The Royal Library of Alexandria was once the largest in the world. ... Logo of the Wikimedia foundation, designed by Wikipedia user Neolux The Wikimedia Foundation Inc. ...

Project policies and examples

The Wayback Machine

The archive also maintains the Wayback Machine, with content donated by Alexa Internet. Once given a URL, this tool allows the user to see versions of the corresponding web page over time. Alexa Internet is California-based subsidiary company of Amazon. ... A Uniform Resource Locator, URL (spelled out as an acronym, not pronounced as earl), or Web address, is a standardized address name layout for resources (such as documents or images) on the Internet (or elsewhere). ... A Web page or webpage is a page of the World Wide Web, usually in HTML/XHTML format (the file extensions are typically htm or html) and with hypertext links to enable navigation from one page or section to another. ...

Alexa Internet, in cooperation with the Internet Archive, designed a "three dimensional index" that allows browsing of web documents over multiple time periods, and turned this unique feature into "the Wayback Machine". [1]

Examples of the Wayback Machine's archives: Amazon | Microsoft | BBC News | Google | Open Directory | Wikipedia

The archive generally takes six months before putting 'snapshots' of pages online, though this may stretch to as long as 12 months due to time delayed donation from Alexa.

In 2003 the archive paid $301,960 to Alexa Internet.

The archive's total collection in 2003 was around 100 terabytes of data (with a growth rate of 12 TB per month). As of 2004 the Internet Archive Wayback Machine contained approximately 1 petabyte of data and is currently growing at a rate of 20 terabytes per month. This eclipses the amount of text contained in the world's largest libraries, including the Library of Congress. [2]. The archive includes, as of 2005 over 40 billion web pages. A copy of the data is also maintained at Bibliotheca Alexandrina. 2003(MMIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A terabyte (derived from the SI prefix tera-) is a unit of information or computer storage equal to one trillion (one long scale billion) bytes. ... 2004(MMIV) is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A petabyte (derived from the SI prefix peta- ) is a unit of information or computer storage equal to one quadrillion (one long scale billiard) bytes. ... Library of Congress, Jefferson building The Library of Congress is the unofficial national library of the United States. ... 2005(MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Alexandrias state-of-the-art library, designed by Christoph Kapellar, was inaugurated in 2001 The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is a major library and cultural center located on the shore of the Egyptian city of Alexandria. ...

Origin of the name Wayback Machine

The name "Wayback Machine" is a reference to a Rocky and Bullwinkle Show cartoon serial. Mr. Peabody, a bowtie-endowed dog with a professorial air, and his assistant, a boy named "Sherman", use a time machine named the "Wayback Machine" to visit famous events in history, usually going awry for comedic reasons. The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show (also known as Rocky and His Friends and The Bullwinkle Show) was a television animated series created and produced in the USA by Jay Ward. ... One option to tie a bowtie The bowtie is a fashion accessory, popularly worn with other formal attire, such as suits or dinner jackets. ... Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris (Linnaeus, 1758) The Dog is a canine carnivorous mammal that has been domesticated for at least 14,000 years and perhaps for as long as 150,000 years based on recent evidence. ... A professor is a senior teacher, lecturer and researcher, usually in a college or university. ... Time Machine may refer to one of the following. ... Look up Fame in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Fame may refer to a number of different topics, including: Fame is the condition of being known to the general public. ... ... Comedy is the use of humor in the performing arts. ...

Archived pages: legal status

Polska is the American provider of TV Polonia, a Polish-language television channel. According to its pleadings in the case, it had reached a deal with EchoStar, which operates the Dish Network satellite TV service, to provide TV Polonia to Dish Network. The contract included marketing rights, giving EchoStar the right to use Polska’s trademarks to sell subscriptions to its television service. The deal was scheduled to expire in stages: absent a renewal, EchoStar's marketing rights would expire in April of 2001, and programming would stop a year afterwards. The deal was not renewed, and Polska alleges that EchoStar continued to use the "TV Polonia" name to market its satellite service after its rights to exploit that trademark had expired. EchoStar pointed out that Polska seemed to have no problem with advertisements stating that TV Polonia could be found on the Dish Network, since Polska had one on its own website after the expiration of marketing rights. EchoStar offered IA snapshots dated to various times in 2001 as proof of the past content of Polska’s website. As part of a series of motions in limine, Polska attempted to suppress the snapshots on the grounds of hearsay and unauthenticated source. Echostar Communications Corporation (NASDAQ: DISH) is the parent company of Dish Network and the maintainer of the satellite fleet that provides the signal which Dish Network markets. ... Dish Network is a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) service that broadcasts digital satellite television and audio to households in the United States, owned by EchoStar Communications Corporation. ... Satellite television is television delivered by way of orbiting communications satellites located 37,000 km (22,300 miles) above the earths surface. ... A contract is any legally-enforceable promise or set of promises made between parties. ... A trademark (Commonwealth English: trade mark)[1] is a distinctive sign of some kind which is used by a business to identify itself and its products and services to consumers, and to set the business and its products or services apart from those of other businesses. ... April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Hearsay in its most general and oldest meaning is a term used in the law of evidence to describe an out of court statement offered to establish the facts asserted in that statement. ...

Magistrate Judge Arlander Keys rejected Polska’s assertion of hearsay, holding that the archived copies were not themselves statements susceptible to hearsay exclusion, since they merely showed what Polska had previously posted on its site. He also noted that, since Polska was seeking to suppress evidence of its own previous statements, the snapshots would not be barred even if they were hearsay. Over Polska’s objection, Judge Keys accepted an affidavit from an Internet Archive employee as sufficient to authenticate the snapshots for admissibility.

(from archive.org)

Media collections

Most of their movies, books, and recordings are public domain or licensed under a Creative Commons License. The audio section largely includes music from independent artists, as well as more established artists and musical ensembles with permissive rules in regards to the recording of their concerts (e.g. The Grateful Dead, String Cheese Incident, Toad the Wet Sprocket, 311, Fugazi, etc.). The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... Creative Commons, some rights reserved. ... Wikibooks Wikiversity has more about this subject: School of Music Look up Music on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Wikisource, as part of the 1911 Encyclopedia Wikiproject, has original text related to this article: Music Wikicities has a wiki about Music: Music MusicNovatory: the science of music encyclopedia Science of Music... Artist is a subjective term which describes a person creative in, innovative in, or adept at, their endeavors. ... This is an alphabetical list of bands which allow and encourage fans to tape their live performances. ... Jerry Garcia later in life The Grateful Dead was an American rock band, which was formed in 1965 in San Francisco from the remnants of another band, Mother McCrees Uptown Jug Champions. ... Back: Jason Hann, Michael Travis, Kyle Hollingsworth, Billy Nershi Front: Keith Moseley, Michael Kang The String Cheese Incident, one of the more popular bands of the jam movement of the mid-to-late 90s, formed in Crested Butte, Colorado in 1993, originally playing local gigs at ski resorts in exchange... // Biography Toad the Wet Sprocket was an American folk pop band which consisted of singer Glen Phillips, guitarist Todd Nichols, bassist Dean Dinning, and drummer Randy Guss. ... 311 (pronounced three eleven) formed in late 1988 in Omaha, Nebraska as a rapcore/punk rock/reggae group. ... Fugazi is an Italian slang term for something that is fake. Fugazi were Japanese deserters during World War II. Fugazi is the name of a post-hardcore band from Washington, D.C. FUGAZI was an American GI slang during the Vietnam war. ... This article is about &c. ...

Controversy involving the archive

Removal of Scientology sites

In late 2002, the Internet Archive removed various sites critical of Scientology from the Wayback Machine. The error message stated that this was in response to a "request by the site owner". However, it was later clarified that lawyers from the Church of Scientology had demanded the removal, on unknown legal grounds, and that the actual site owners did not want their material removed. 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Scientology Center on Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California Scientology is a system of beliefs, teachings and rituals, originally established as an alternative psychotherapy in 1952 by science-fiction author L. Ron Hubbard, then recharacterized by him in 1953 as an applied religious philosophy. ...

Moving Image collection

Aside from feature films, their Moving Image collection includes: newsreels; classic cartoons; pro- and anti- war propaganda; and ephemeral material from Prelinger Archives and Skip Elsheimer's "A.V. Geeks" collection, such as advertising, educational and industrial films and amateur and home movie collections. A Newsreel is a documentary film that is regularly released in a public presentation place containing filmed news stories. ... A cartoon is any of several forms of art, with varied meanings that evolved from one to another. ... North Korean propaganda showing a soldier destroying the United States Capitol building. ... The Prelinger Archives are a collection of films, mostly shorts made for industrial or educational markets. ...

Their Brick Films collection contains stop-motion animation filmed with Lego blocks, some of which are 'remakes' of feature films. The Election 2004 collection is a non-partisan public resource for sharing video materials related to the 2004 United States Presidential Election. The Independent News collection includes sub-collections such as the Internet Archive's World At War competition from 2001, in which contestants created short films demonstrating "why access to history matters." Among their most-downloaded video files are eyewitness recordings of the devastating 2004 tsunami. Lego Group logo Lego sets feature a large variety of themed people (called “minifigures”), including the Space, Castle, and City figures above. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... The December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami hits Thailand The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, known by the scientific community as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, was an undersea earthquake that occurred at 00:58:53 UTC (07:58:53 local time) on December 26, 2004. ...

Some of the films available on the Internet Archive are:

• The Power of Nightmares
• Charade
• D.O.A.
• Danger Lights
• Dating Do's and Don'ts
• Duck and Cover
• Hemp For Victory
• The Feud Maker
• Gun Smoke Ranch
• Lying Lips
• Machine Gun Mama
• Night of the Living Dead
• Reefer Madness
• Sex Madness
• Two of the seven episodes of Why We Fight:
  • The Negro Soldier (1943)
  • War Comes to America (1945)

The Power of Nightmares is a BBC series of documentary films, written and produced by Adam Curtis. ... Audrey Hepburn and Cary Grant Charade is a 1963 movie written by Peter Stone and Marc Behm, directed by Stanley Donen, and starring Cary Grant and Audrey Hepburn. ... D.O.A. is a 1950 movie that helped define the film noir genre. ... Danger Lights is a 1930 movie starring Louis Wolheim, Robert Armstrong, and Jean Arthur. ... Dating Dos and Donts [sic]1 is a 1949 instructional film designed for high schools, to teach adolescents basic dating skills. ... The title screen from the film. ... Hemp for Victory is a black-and-white United States government film made during the Second World War, explaining the uses of hemp. ... Lying Lips is a 1939 movie by Oscar Micheaux, starring Edna Mae Harris. ... Original 1968 Movie Art Night of the Living Dead (1968) is a seminal horror film directed by George A. Romero which was to transfigure the horror-movie genre. ... Reefer Madness is the re-release title of a 1936 film about cannabis, two books, a 2004 off-Broadway musical satirizing the original film (itself made into a television movie in 2005), a song by Hawkwind, and a one-off strip in the comic anthology 2000 AD. // 1936 movie Reefer... Why We Fight is the name of a propaganda series of seven newsreels commissioned by the United States government during World War II to convince the U.S. public about the need for American intervention. ... See also: 1942 in film 1943 1944 in film 1940s in film years in film film // Events Top grossing films North America For Whom the Bell Tolls The Song of Bernadette This is the Army Stage Door Canteen Random Harvest Star Spangled Rhythm Casablanca Journey Into Fear Academy Awards Best... See also: 1944 in film 1945 1946 in film 1940s in film years in film film // Events Paramount Studios releases theatrical short cartoon titled The Friendly Ghost, featuring ghost named Casper With Rossellinis Roma Città aperta, Italian neorealist cinema begins. ...

See also

• Taper-friendly band
• Website
• Fixed Reference: Snapshots of WikiPedia

This is an alphabetical list of bands which allow and encourage fans to tape their live performances. ... The front page of the English Wikipedia website. ... Fixed Reference: Snapshots of WikiPedia is a website that has saved snapshots of Wikipedia from 2004. ...

External links

• The Internet Archive
• Wayback Machine
• Petabox, a useful invention created in collaboration with the Internet Archive
• Pictures and descriptions of the Wayback Machine hardware, with cost information
• Form 990-PF for Internet Archive (2003)

References

• Scientology controversy
  • CNET story
  • Forum post at archive.org
  • LawMeme article.