NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Web application development

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Web application development is the process and practice of developing web applications ^{[citation needed]}. Image File history File links Information. ... Wikibooks logo Wikibooks, previously called Wikimedia Free Textbook Project and Wikimedia-Textbooks, is a wiki for the creation of books. ... In software engineering, a web application is an application delivered to users from a web server over a network such as the World Wide Web or an intranet. ...

1 Risk
2 Technologies
3 Lifecycle Model
4 Testing
5 Tools
6 Frameworks and Reuse
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading

Risk

Just as with a traditional desktop application, web applications have varying levels of risk. A personal home page is much less risky than, for example, a stock trading web site. For some projects security, software bugs, etc. are major issues. If time to market, or technical complexity is a concern, documentation, test planning, change control, requirements analysis, architectural description and formal design and construction practices can mitigate risk. This article describes how security can be achieved through design and engineering. ... A software bug is an error, flaw, mistake, failure, or fault in a computer program that prevents it from behaving as intended (e. ... Software Documentation or Source Code Documentation is written text that accompanies computer software. ... A test plan is a systematic approach to testing a system such as a machine or software. ... Change Control is a formal process used to ensure a product, service or process is only modified in line with the identified necessary change. ... In sytems and software engineering, requirements analysis encompasses those tasks that go into determining the requirements of a new or altered system, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, such as users. ... The software architecture of a program or computing system is the structure or structures of the system, which comprise software elements, the externally visible properties of those elements, and the relationships between them. ...

Technologies

Ajax, or AJAX, is a web development technique used for creating interactive web applications. ... ASP is a three-letter acronym with numerous meanings in different contexts. ... ASP.NET is a web application framework marketed by Microsoft. ... In web development, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Java Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE is a widely used platform for server programming in the Java programming language. ... It has been suggested that Client-side JavaScript be merged into this article or section. ... Wikibooks has a book on the topic of Perl Programming Perl is a dynamic programming language created by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. ... PHP is a reflective programming language originally designed for producing dynamic web pages. ... Ruby is a reflective, dynamic, object-oriented programming language. ... Ruby on Rails is a free web application framework that aims to increase the speed and ease with which database-driven web sites can be created and offers skeleton code frameworks (scaffolding) from the outset. ... CGI may mean: Computer-generated imagery, a film-making technology Common Gateway Interface, a technology used in web servers CGI.pm, a Perl module used for dealing with it CGI Group, a Canadian headquartered information management company (formerly ) Computer graphics interface, a low-level interface between the Graphical Kernel System...

Lifecycle Model

Time to market, company-growth and requirements churn, three things that are emphasized in web-based business, coincide with the principles of the Agile practices. Some agile lifecycle models are: In commerce, the time to market (TTM) is the length of time it takes from a product being conceived to its being available for sale. ... Agile software development is a conceptual framework for undertaking software engineering projects that embraces and promotes evolutionary change throughout the entire life-cycle of the project. ...

Extreme Programming (or XP) is a software engineering methodology, the most prominent of several agile software development methodologies. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... In Project management, a timebox is a period of time in which to accomplish some task. ... Feature Drive Development (FDD) is an iterative and incremental software development process. ...

Testing

Like traditional desktop applications, web applications undergo the same unit, integration and system testing. But because web application clients vary so greatly, teams might perform some additional testing, such as: In computer programming, a unit test is a method of testing the correctness of a particular module of source code. ... Integration testing (sometimes called Integration and Testing, abbreviated I&T) is the phase of software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group. ... According to the IEEE Standard Computer Dictionary, System testing is testing conducted on a complete, integrated system to evaluate the systems compliance with its specified requirements. ...

Security
Performance, Load, and Stress
HTML/CSS validation
Accessibility
Usability

Many types of tests are automatable. At the component level, one of the xUnit packages can be a helpful tool. Or an organization can create its own unit testing framework. At the GUI level, Watir is useful. Performance Testingcovers a broad range of engineering or functional evaluations where a material, product, or system is not specified by detailed material or component specifications: Rather, emphasis is on the final measurable performance characteristics. ... It has been suggested that Load and performance test tools be merged into this article or section. ... Stress testing is a form of testing that is used to determine the stability of a given system or entity. ... HTML, short for Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for the creation of web pages. ... In web development, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language. ... Web accessibility refers to the practice of making Web pages accessible to people using a wide range of user agent software and devices, not just standard Web browsers. ... Usability testing is a means for measuring how well people can use some human-made object (such as a web page, a computer interface, a document, or a device) for its intended purpose, i. ... Test automation is the use of software to control the execution of tests, the comparison of actual outcomes to predicted outcomes, the setting up of test preconditions, and other test control and test reporting functions. ... In computer programming, a unit test is a procedure used to validate that a particular module of source code is working properly. ... Various code-driven testing frameworks have come to be known collectively as xUnit. ... WATIR, pronounced Water, is an acronym standing for Web Application Testing in Ruby. Watir is a toolkit used to automate browser-based tests during web application development. ...

Tools

In the case of ASP.NET, a developer can use Microsoft Visual Studio to write code. But, as with most other programming languages, he/she can also use a text editor. Notepad++ is an example. ASP.NET is a web application framework marketed by Microsoft. ... Microsoft Visual Studio is Microsofts flagship software development product for computer programmers. ... Notepad++ is a free source code editor which supports several programming languages running under the Microsoft Windows environment. ...

For PHP, the Zend Development Environment provides numerous debugging tools and provides a rich feature set to make a PHP developer's life easier. PHP is a reflective programming language originally designed for producing dynamic web pages. ... Zend Studio is a commercial, proprietary integrated development environment (IDE) for PHP, developed by Zend Technologies. ... Debugging is a methodical process of finding and reducing the number of bugs, or defects, in a computer program or a piece of electronic hardware thus making it behave as expected. ... PHP is a reflective programming language originally designed for producing dynamic web pages. ...

Several code generation tools such as dbQwikSite are available to automate the development of code. Using such tools, non-technical users can produce working code, and experienced coders can accellerate the development cycle. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Other tools include various browsers, FTP clients, etc. An example of a web browser (Internet Explorer), displaying the English Wikipedia main page. ... â€œFTPâ€ redirects here. ...

Frameworks and Reuse

Main article: Web application framework

Practicing code reuse and using web application frameworks can greatly improve both productivity and time to market (McConnell 1996:537). Reusing externally developed components can allow an organization to reap the above benefits, while potentially saving money. However, for smaller components, it might be just as easy to develop your own components as it would be to learn new APIs. Also, if a component is essential to the business, an organization might want to control its development. A web application framework is a software framework that is designed to support the development of dynamic websites, Web applications and Web services. ... Code reuse, also called software reuse, is the use of existing software, or software knowledge, to build new software. ... A web application framework is a software framework that is designed to support the development of dynamic websites, Web applications and Web services. ... In commerce, the time to market (TTM) is the length of time it takes from a product being conceived to its being available for sale. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Component-based software engineering. ... An application programming interface (API) is a source code interface that a computer system or program library provides to support requests for services to be made of it by a Length. ...

References

McConnell, Steve (June 2004). Code Complete, Second Edition. Microsoft Press, 960. ISBN 0-7356-1967-0.
McConnell, Steve (July 2, 1996). Rapid Development. Microsoft Press, 680. ISBN 1-55615-900-5.
Rozanski, Nick; Eóin Woods (April 20, 2005). Software Systems Architecture: Working With Stakeholders Using Viewpoints and Perspectives. Addison-Wesley Professional, 576. ISBN 0-321-11229-6.
Leffingwell, Dean; Don Widrig (May 16, 2003). Managing Software Requirements: A Use Case Approach, Second Edition. Addison-Wesley Professional, 544. ISBN 0-321-12247-X.

Steven Steve C. McConnell is a well-known author of many software engineering textbooks including Code Complete, Rapid Development, and Software Estimation. ... Steven Steve C. McConnell is a well-known author of many software engineering textbooks including Code Complete, Rapid Development, and Software Estimation. ...

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