The West Ukrainian National Republic (Ukrainian: Західно-Українська Народна Республика, Zakhidno-Ukrayins’ka Narodna Respublyka or ЗУНР, ZUNR; also translated "West Ukrainian People's Republic") was a short-lived republic that existed in late 1918 and early 1919 in eastern Galicia, Bukovina and Transcarpathia and included the cities of Lviv, Kolomyya, and Stanislav. According to the Austrian census of 1910(?), the territory claimed by the West Ukrainian People's Republic had about 5.4 million people. Of these, 3,291,000 (approximately 60%) were Ukrainians, 1,351,000 (approximately 25%) were Poles, 660,000 (approximately 12%) were Jews, and the rest included Germans, Czechs and others. The cities and towns of this largely rural region were mostly populated by Poles and Jews, while the Ukrainians dominated the countryside. This would prove problematic for the Ukrainians, because the largest city, Lviv, had a majority Polish population and was considered to be one of the most important Polish cities. Conflict between the West Ukrainian People's Republic and Poland was thus inevitable. History of Ukraine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The East Slavs are the ethnic group that evolved into the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian peoples. ... Map of the the extent of Kievan Rus through the 11th century. ... The Mongol Invasion of Rus was an invasion of the medieval state of Kievan Rus by a large army of nomadic Mongols, starting in 1223. ... Halych-Volhynia, or Halych-Volodymyr, was a large state in Ruthenia (Rus ) which existed in the 13th and 14th centuries. ... The presumable banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the coat of arms, called Пагоня in Belarusian, Vytis in Lithuanian and PogoÅ„ in Polish Another version of the Lithuanian banner The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji KunigaikÅ¡tystÄ—, Belarusian: Вялі́кае Кня́ства Літо́ўскае (ВКЛ), Ukrainian: Велике Князівство Литовське (ВКЛ), Polish: Wielkie KsiÄ™stwo Litewskie) was an... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Turkey. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Coat-of-arms of Galicia Galicia is a historical region currently split between Poland and Ukraine. ... Flag of Ukrainian Peoples Republic Ukrainian Peoples Republic (Ukrainian: ), also sometimes translated as Ukrainian National Republic, abbreviated UNR (УНР), was a republic in part of the territory of modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, eventually headed by Symon Petliura. ... The West Ukrainian National Republic (Ukrainian: ) was a short-lived republic that existed in late 1918 and early 1919 in eastern Galicia, Bukovina and Transcarpathia and included the cities of Lviv, Kolomyya, and Stanislav. ... State motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Official language None. ... Motto: none Anthem: Ukrainian: (Transliteration: Shche ne vmerla Ukrainy) (Translation: Ukraines glory has not perished) Capital Kiev1 Largest city Kiev Official language(s) Ukrainian Government Parliamentary democracy  - President Viktor Yushchenko  - Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych Independence From the Soviet Union   - Declared August 24, 1991   - Referendum December 1, 1991   - Finalized December... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Coat-of-arms of Galicia Galicia is a historical region currently split between Poland and Ukraine. ... Bukovina (Ukrainian: Буковина, Bukovyna; Romanian: Bucovina; German and Polish: Bukowina; see also other languages) is a historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains. ... Carpathian Ruthenia (Ukrainian Карпатська Русь, Karpatska Rus ) or Carpatho-Ukraine or Carpathian Ukraine is a name for a small part of Central Europe that was part of the Kingdom of Hungary (since 1526 under Habsburg rule). ... Motto: Semper fidelis Location Map of Ukraine with Lviv. ... Kolomyia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , Russian: , German: ) is a town and a raion (district) centre in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (province) in Ukraine, at the Prut River. ... Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukrainian: Івано-Франківськ, Ivano-Frankivsk; Станиславів, Stanyslaviv before 1962; Polish: Stanisławów; Russian: Ivano-Frankovsk; German: Stanislau (before World War I); Yiddish... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Motto: Semper fidelis Location Map of Ukraine with Lviv. ... Orlęta, a 1926 painting by Wojciech Kossak The Polish-Ukrainian War of 1918 and 1919 was a conflict between the forces of Poland and Western-Ukrainian Peoples Republic for the control over the Eastern Galicia after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. ...

Map of the West Ukrainian National Republic

The coat of arms of the West Ukrainian People's Republic was a yellow lion on the blue field looking to the right. The colors of the flag were yellow and blue. Image File history File links West_ukraine. ... Image File history File links West_ukraine. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ...

██ Ukrainian-inhabited areas of north-eastern Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1911

The West Ukrainian People's Republic was proclaimed on October 19, 1918. Shortly after the republic proclaimed independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire a popular uprising took place in Lviv, most of whose residents were Poles who did not want to part of a non-Polish state. A few weeks later Lviv's rebellious Poles received support from Poland. Image File history File links Ukrainians_in_Austria-Hungary_1911. ... Image File history File links Ukrainians_in_Austria-Hungary_1911. ... Official languages Latin, German, Hungarian Established church Roman Catholic Capital & Largest City Vienna pop. ... October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Combatants West Ukrainian Peoples Republic Poland Commanders Hnat Stefaniv Battle of Lwów of 1918 and 1919 was a six months long conflict between the forces of West Ukrainian Peoples Republic, local civilian population and regular Polish Army for the control over the city of Lwów (modern...

The government of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic united with the Ukrainian People's Republic on January 22, 1919, although this was mostly a symbolic act because the western Ukrainians retained their own army and government structure. After the Polish-Ukrainian War, Poland took over most of territory of the West Ukrainian People's Republic by July 1919. Part of the defeated army found refuge in Czechoslovakia and became known there under the name Ukrajinská brigáda (in Czech), while most of the army, consisting of about 50,000 soldiers, crossed into the territory of the Ukrainian People's Republic and continued the struggle for Ukrainian independence there. In 1920 Poland and Ukraine agreed to a border on the river Zbruch. Flag of Ukrainian Peoples Republic Ukrainian Peoples Republic (Ukrainian: ), also sometimes translated as Ukrainian National Republic, abbreviated UNR (УНР), was a republic in part of the territory of modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, eventually headed by Symon Petliura. ... January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Orlęta, a 1926 painting by Wojciech Kossak The Polish-Ukrainian War of 1918 and 1919 was a conflict between the forces of Poland and Western-Ukrainian Peoples Republic for the control over the Eastern Galicia after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. ... Flag of Ukrainian Peoples Republic Ukrainian Peoples Republic (Ukrainian: ), also sometimes translated as Ukrainian National Republic, abbreviated UNR (УНР), was a republic in part of the territory of modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, eventually headed by Symon Petliura. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 3 - Babe Ruth is traded by the Boston Red Sox to the New York Yankees for $125,000, the largest sum ever paid for a player at that time. ... Zbruch River (Ukrainian: Збруч) is a river in Western Ukraine (length: 247 km, basin: 3330 sq. ...

Government

The West Ukrainian People's Republic governed an area of approximately 4 million people for much of its eight month existence. Elections on Ukrainian-controlled territory were held from November 22–25 for the 150 member Ukrainian National Council that was to serve as the legislative body. Approximately one third of the seats were reserved for the national minorities (Poles, Jews, and others). The Poles boycotted the elections, while the Jews participated and were represented by about 10 percent of the delegates. Evhen Petrushevych, the chairman of the Council and a former member of the Austro-Hungarian parliament, automatically became the Republic's president. Despite the war, the West Ukrainian People's Republic maintained the stability of the pre-war Austrian administration intact, employing Ukrainian and Polish professionals. The Western Ukrainian People's Republic passed laws that confiscated vast estates from private landlords and distributed the land to landless peasants. It was also able to mobilize 100,000 soldiers in the spring of 1919, but due to a lack of military supplies only 40,000 were battle-ready. Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...

Postage stamps

The republic managed to issue about one hundred types of postage stamps during its brief existence, all but two of which are overprints on existing stamps of Austria or Bosnia. A selection of Hong Kong postal stamps A postage stamp is evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services. ... An overprint is the addition of text (and sometimes graphics) to the face of a postage stamp after it has been printed. ... Motto: none Anthem: Intermeco Capital Sarajevo Largest city Sarajevo Official language(s) Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian Government Republic  - Presidency members Sulejman Tihić1 (Bosniak) Borislav Paravac (Serb) Ivo Miro Jović (Croat)  - Chairman of the Council of Ministers Adnan Terzić Independence From Yugoslavia   - Recognized 6 April 1992  Area    - Total 51,197 km...

This overprint of May 1919 is on a five-heller stamp of Austria.

The first were four stamps overprinted in Lviv, with a design of a lion and the inscription "Zakhidno-Ukrainska Narodna Republika", but these were in use for only two days there. Another four Austrian stamps were surcharged with "УКР.Н.Р" (ukr.n.r in Cyrillic), and a new denomination in shahs (шаг), one with 5 sh and three with 10 sh. These are rather uncommon today, with prices for collectors ranging from €80 to €800 ($100–$1000 USD), and forgeries are plentiful. Image File history File links Western Ukraine 5h overprint stamp of 1919, scanned by User:Stan Shebs File links The following pages link to this file: West Ukrainian National Republic User:Stan Shebs/Gallery/Philately ... Image File history File links Western Ukraine 5h overprint stamp of 1919, scanned by User:Stan Shebs File links The following pages link to this file: West Ukrainian National Republic User:Stan Shebs/Gallery/Philately ... Shah (Ukrainian: шаг) was the name of multiple currencies historically used in the country of Ukraine. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ...

In March, officials in Stanislav surcharged sixteen values of 1916 Austrian stamps with "ПОШТА// УКР.Н.РЕП." (POSHTA UKR.N.REP.) and denominations ranging from three shahs up to ten hryvnia. The same surcharge was also applied to Austrian military stamps and postage due stamps, as well as to the 1904 postage dues of Bosnia. The hryvnia (Ukrainian гривня) has been the national currency of Ukraine since 1996 when it replaced the coupon (or karbovanets), the temporary currency used after Ukraine left the Soviet Union and the ruble zone. ... Postage due is the term used for mail sent with insufficient postage. ...

In May, Austrian stamps were overprinted with the Ukrainian trident-in-shield arms with the letters "З. У. Н. Р." (Z. U. N. R.), one at each corner, for "West Ukrainian People's Republic". These saw very little use, and forged cancellations are commonplace. A machine cancellation On mail, a cancellation (or cancel for short) is a postal marking applied to a postage stamp or postal stationery indicating that the item has been used. ...

The sole non-overprinted issue was a pair of registration stamps issued in Kolomyya, having the form of a label used for registered mail, but unlike most labels, denominated with values of thirty and fifty shahs, in order to pay registration fees. Kolomyia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , Russian: , German: ) is a town and a raion (district) centre in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (province) in Ukraine, at the Prut River. ... Registered mail sent from Baghdad to San Francisco in August 1945 Registered items of mail are letters which have their details recorded in a register to enable their location to be tracked. ...

Of the stamps issued, only the trident overprints are common, costing about €1. Of the other, some are quite rare, with prices ranging up to four or five thousand euros.

See also

• Galician Soviet Socialist Republic, short-lived state in 1920

Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (Galician SSR) existed from July 8, 1920 to September 21, 1920 during the Polish-Soviet War within the area of the South-Western front of the Red Army. ...

References

• John Bulat, Illustrated Postage Stamp History of Western Ukrainian Republic 1918–1919 (Yonkers, NY: Philatelic Publications, 1973)
• Subtelny, Orest (1988). Ukraine: A History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-5808-6.
• Paul Robert Magocsi, A History of Ukraine, University of Toronto Press: Toronto 1996, ISBN 0-8020-0830-5

Orest Subtelny - Ukrainian historian, professor at Department of History and Political Science, York University. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Western Ukrainian People's Republic

• Short mention of ZUNR history
• Introduction to Ukrainian Philately