The Western Chalukyas (973 - 1200) also known as Kalyani Chalukya or Later Chalukya ruled the western Deccan in South India between the tenth and the thirteenth centuries CE. They were related to the Chalukya dynasty of Badami who were a powerful dynasty who reigned over most of the Deccan between the seventh and the eight centuries. Events Edgar of England is crowned king by Saint Dunstan Births September 15 - Al_Biruni, mathematician († 1048) Abu al-Ala al-Maarri, poet Deaths May 7 - Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Categories: 973 ... Events University of Paris receives charter from Philip II of France The Kanem-Bornu Empire was established in northern Africa around the year 1200 Mongol victory over Northern China — 30,000,000 killed Births Al-Abhari, Persian philosopher and mathematician (died 1265) Ulrich von Liechtenstein, German nobleman and poet (died... Tailapa II (973 – 997 CE) (Nurmadi Taliapa) re-established the Chalukya dynasty after a period of 220 years during which they had been in eclipse. ... Events Edgar of England is crowned king by Saint Dunstan Births September 15 - Al_Biruni, mathematician († 1048) Abu al-Ala al-Maarri, poet Deaths May 7 - Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Categories: 973 ... Events City of Gdansk is founded Saint Adalbert of Prague is sent to Prussia by Boleslaus I of Poland Samuil of Bulgaria crowned Tsar by Pope Gregory V The town of Trondheim is founded. ... Satyasraya (997 – 1008 C.E.) was the Chalukya king of the revived Western Chalukyas. ... Events City of Gdansk is founded Saint Adalbert of Prague is sent to Prussia by Boleslaus I of Poland Samuil of Bulgaria crowned Tsar by Pope Gregory V The town of Trondheim is founded. ... Events Olof, king of Sweden, is baptized. ... Vikaramaditya V (1008 – 1015 C.E.) succeeded Satyasraya on the western Chalukya throne. ... Events Olof, king of Sweden, is baptized. ... Events August: Canute the Great invades England. ... Jayasimha II (1015 – 1042 C.E.) succeeded his brother Vikramaditya V on the western Chalukya throne. ... Events August: Canute the Great invades England. ... Events April 18/April 19 - Emperor Michael V of the Byzantine Empire attempts to remain sole Emperor by sending his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoe of Byzantium to a monastery. ... Somesvara I (Ahavamalla) (1042 – 1068 C.E.) succeeded his father Jayasimha II as the Chalukya king. ... Events April 18/April 19 - Emperor Michael V of the Byzantine Empire attempts to remain sole Emperor by sending his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoe of Byzantium to a monastery. ... Events Emperor Go-Sanjo ascends the throne of Japan William the Conqueror takes Exeter after a brief siege Births Henry I of England (d. ... Somesvara II (1068 – 1076 C.E.) succeeded his father Somesvara I (Ahavamalla) as the Chalukya king. ... Events Emperor Go-Sanjo ascends the throne of Japan William the Conqueror takes Exeter after a brief siege Births Henry I of England (d. ... Events February 14 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Vikramaditya VI was a king of the Kalyani Chalukya clan. ... Events February 14 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Events Rutherglen becomes one of the first Royal Burghs in Scotland. ... Somesvara III (1126 - 1138) C.E. was the next Chalukya king and son of Vikramaditya VI and Queen Chandaladevi. ... Events Rutherglen becomes one of the first Royal Burghs in Scotland. ... Events Robert Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Jagadhekamalla II (1138 - 1151) C.E. followed Somesvara III to the Chalukya throne. ... Events Robert Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Events Ghazni is burned by the princes of Ghur Geoffrey of Anjou dies, and succeeded by his son Henry, aged 18. ... Tailapa III (1151 - 1164) succeded Jagadhekamalla II to the Chalukya throne. ... Events Ghazni is burned by the princes of Ghur Geoffrey of Anjou dies, and succeeded by his son Henry, aged 18. ... Events Count Henry I of Champagne marries Marie de Champagne. ... Jagadhekamalla III (1164 - 1183) succeded Tailapa III to the highly diminished Chalukya empire. ... // Events Owain Gwynedd is recognized as ruler of Wales. ... Events Three-year old Emperor Go-Toba ascends to the throne of Japan after the forced abdication of his brother Antoku during the Genpei War William of Tyre excommunicated by the newly appointed Heraclius of Jerusalem, firmly ending their struggle for power Andronicus I Comnenus becomes the Byzantine emperor Births... Somesvara IV (1183 - 1200) was the last king of the Chalukya empire. ... // Events Abbeville receives its commercial charter. ... Events University of Paris receives charter from Philip II of France The Kanem-Bornu Empire was established in northern Africa around the year 1200 Mongol victory over Northern China — 30,000,000 killed Births Al-Abhari, Persian philosopher and mathematician (died 1265) Ulrich von Liechtenstein, German nobleman and poet (died... Profile, Amritheshwara temple (1196 C.E.) in Amrithapura, Chikmagalur District Veera Ballala II (1173 - 1220) was the greatest monarch of the Hoysala dynasty. ... The Hoysala Empire ruled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346. ... Events Canonization of Saint Thomas à Becket, buried at Canterbury August 9th - Construction starts on the Leaning tower of Pisa Castle at Abergavenny was seized by the Welsh. ... // The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Events Mongols first invade Abbasid caliphate - Bukhara and Samarkand taken End of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, destroyed by Genghis Khans Mongolian cavalry Dominican Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope... Events Edgar of England is crowned king by Saint Dunstan Births September 15 - Al_Biruni, mathematician († 1048) Abu al-Ala al-Maarri, poet Deaths May 7 - Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Categories: 973 ... Events University of Paris receives charter from Philip II of France The Kanem-Bornu Empire was established in northern Africa around the year 1200 Mongol victory over Northern China — 30,000,000 killed Births Al-Abhari, Persian philosopher and mathematician (died 1265) Ulrich von Liechtenstein, German nobleman and poet (died... The Chalukya dynasty (Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು) was a powerful Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th century C.E. They began to assert their independence at the decline of the Satavahana empire and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of... The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... South India is a region of India that includes the entire Indian Peninsula, south of the Vindhya ranges. ... The Chalukya dynasty (Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು) was a powerful Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th century C.E. They began to assert their independence at the decline of the Satavahana empire and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of... Badami is a city in Karnataka in modern India. ...

The Western Chalukya kingdom grew into an empire under Somesvara I and later under the famous Vikramaditya VI who spread their territories throughout most of the Deccan. Throughout their history the Western Chalukyas were in constant conflict with the Cholas and was instrumental in curtailing the expansion of the Chola empire beyond the river Tungabhadra. The never-ending battles and conflicts exhausted both the empires and eventually both declined in the middle of the thirteenth century. Somesvara I (Ahavamalla) (1042 – 1068 C.E.) succeeded his father Jayasimha II as the Chalukya king. ... Vikramaditya VI was a king of the Kalyani Chalukya clan. ... The Cholas were a South Indian Tamil dynasty, antedating the early Sangam literature (c. ... The Tungabhadra is a river of southern India. ...

The Western Chalukyas were responsible for patronising some of the most brilliant Kannada and Sanskrit poets and artists and have left behind the most brilliant examples of the Later Chalukya style architecture. Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... The Sanskrit language ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 22 official languages of India. ...

Beginnings

The Chalukyas of Badami were displaced by the Rashtrakutas in 753 CE. In 973 CE, a feudatory of the Rashtrakuta, Tailapa II belonging to a branch of the old Chalukya family, re-established Chalukya rule by defeating his overlords. Tailapa II, overthrew the Rashtrakuta Krishna III and re-established the Chalukyasn kingdom and recovered most of the Chalukya empire. This dynasty came to be known as the Western Chalukya dynasty, or the Chalukyas of Kalyani after their kingdom of Kalyani. The Chalukya Dynasty was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled parts of southern India between 550 and 750, and again between 973 and 1190. ... Badami is a city in Karnataka in modern India. ... The Rashtrakutas were a dynasty which ruled the Deccan during the 8th-10th centuries. ... Events Synod of Constantinople called by Emperor Constantine V. Samarkand conquered by Arabs. ... Events Edgar of England is crowned king by Saint Dunstan Births September 15 - Al_Biruni, mathematician († 1048) Abu al-Ala al-Maarri, poet Deaths May 7 - Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Categories: 973 ... Tailapa II (973 – 997 CE) (Nurmadi Taliapa) re-established the Chalukya dynasty after a period of 220 years during which they had been in eclipse. ... Tailapa II (973 – 997 CE) (Nurmadi Taliapa) re-established the Chalukya dynasty after a period of 220 years during which they had been in eclipse. ... Krishna III or Kannara(939 - 967) C.E. was an last great warrior and able monarch of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. ... Kalyani is a raga in the Carnatic music of South India. ...

Conflict of two empires

The Western Chalukyas ruled for another 250 years and were in constant conflict with the Cholas and their cousins the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi. Satyasraya (997 – 1008 CE), Somesvara I (1042 – 1068 CE) and Vikramaditya VI (1068 – 1076 CE) were some of the greatest emperors of this dynasty. The Cholas were a South Indian Tamil dynasty, antedating the early Sangam literature (c. ... Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ... // Vengi dynasties Vengi kingdom extended from River Godavari in the north to Mount MahendraGiri in the southeast and to just below the southern banks of River Krishna in the south. ... Events City of Gdansk is founded Saint Adalbert of Prague is sent to Prussia by Boleslaus I of Poland Samuil of Bulgaria crowned Tsar by Pope Gregory V The town of Trondheim is founded. ... Events Olof, king of Sweden, is baptized. ... Somesvara I (Ahavamalla) (1042 – 1068 C.E.) succeeded his father Jayasimha II as the Chalukya king. ... Events April 18/April 19 - Emperor Michael V of the Byzantine Empire attempts to remain sole Emperor by sending his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoe of Byzantium to a monastery. ... Events Emperor Go-Sanjo ascends the throne of Japan William the Conqueror takes Exeter after a brief siege Births Henry I of England (d. ... Vikramaditya VI was a king of the Kalyani Chalukya clan. ... Events Emperor Go-Sanjo ascends the throne of Japan William the Conqueror takes Exeter after a brief siege Births Henry I of England (d. ... Events February 14 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. ...

Somesvara I (1042 – 1068) moved the capital from Manyakheta to Kalyani (Kalpana) and developed it into a great city. He was involved in several battles with Chola king Rajadhirarja Chola who was killed eventually in the battle of Koppal in 1054. In 1064 Virarajendra Chola marched against Somesvara I and defeated him at Kudala Sangama. Events April 18/April 19 - Emperor Michael V of the Byzantine Empire attempts to remain sole Emperor by sending his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoe of Byzantium to a monastery. ... Events Emperor Go-Sanjo ascends the throne of Japan William the Conqueror takes Exeter after a brief siege Births Henry I of England (d. ... Modern Malkheda in Karnataka, once tha capital of Rashtrakutas ... Kalyani is a raga in the Carnatic music of South India. ... Events Cardinal Humbertus, a representative of Pope Leo IX, and Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, decree each others excommunication. ... Events Sunset Crater Volcano first erupts. ... Virarajendra Chola (1063 – 1070 C.E.) became the Chola king succeeding his brother Rajendra Chola II. Rajamahendra, Rajendra’s son and heir apparent died before his father and Rajendra made his younger brother Virarajendra his heir. ... Somesvara I (Ahavamalla) (1042 – 1068 C.E.) succeeded his father Jayasimha II as the Chalukya king. ...

The reason for most of the conflict with the Cholas was the kingdom of Vengi which was ruled by the Eastern Chalukyas, who were closely related to the Western Chalukyas. They had descended from Kubja Vishnuvardhana, the younger brother of Pulakesi II, the greatest of the Chalukyas of Badami. Cholas from the time of Rajaraja Chola I had close marital and other alliances with the Vengi kings in order to secure the strategic Krishna River basin. The Western Chalukyas found this interference unacceptable and tried to exert their own influence on the Vengi kingdom. They did this mainly by supporting one rival candidate for the throne over another. Through out all these conflicts, the effective area of either empires did not change much. // Vengi dynasties Vengi kingdom extended from River Godavari in the north to Mount MahendraGiri in the southeast and to just below the southern banks of River Krishna in the south. ... Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ... Kubja Vishnuvardhana (624 – 641 C.E.) was the brother of Chalukya Pulakesi II. Vishnuvardhana ruled the Vengi territories in the eastern Andhra Pradesh as the viceroy under Pulakesi II from around 615 CE. Eventually Vishnuvardhana declared his independence and started the Eastern Chalukya dynasty (c. ... PULAKESI II (C.610-642 A.D.): Pulakesi II ascended the throne in C.610 A. D., and he has been rightly regarded as the ablest monarch in the Chalukyan line. ... Rajaraja Chola I ascended the Chola throne in July 985 C.E. Raja Raja the Great, as he is known in history reigned for 29 years, and conquered the whole of southern India and the Chola empire expanded as far as Sri Lanka in the south, and Kalinga (Orissa) in... The Krishna River is one of the longest rivers of India (about 1300 km in length). ...

These conflicts cost both the kingdom much. Two of the kings and many prices lost their lives in battle. Somesvara I committed suicide after suffering a humiliating defeat under Virarajendra Chola. Rajadhiraja Chola lost his life leading the Chola army in battle. Both the armies wrecked havoc on the civil population and property. Virarajendra Chola (1063 – 1070 C.E.) became the Chola king succeeding his brother Rajendra Chola II. Rajamahendra, Rajendra’s son and heir apparent died before his father and Rajendra made his younger brother Virarajendra his heir. ... Rajadhiraja Chola I (1018-1054) was the king of the Cholas empire in southern India and the eldest son of king Rajendra Chola I. Although not supreme king untill his fathers death in 1044 he was associated in kingship since 1018 He maintained Cholas authority over most of Lanka, despite...

Chalukya Vikrama era

Vikramaditya VI was the most distinguished ruler of the Kalyani Chalukya dynasty and scholars have considered his rule as a brilliant period in the history of Karnataka. He is considered as one of the most powerful kings in Indian history. He marked his accession to the throne by founding the new era called Chalukya Vikram Era. During this era, architecture and Kannada literature flourished.

Vikramaditya ascended the Western Chalukya throne by undermining his brother Somesvara II and by coming to an agreement with the Cholas and getting the Cholas to force Somesvara to cede part of his kingdom to Vikramaditya. Eventually this relationship soured under Kulothunga Chola I and in the ensuing civil war Somesvara II was defeated by Vikramaditya. Vikramaditya proclaimed the Chalukya Vikrama Era commemorating his ascension. Somesvara II (1068 – 1076 C.E.) succeeded his father Somesvara I (Ahavamalla) as the Chalukya king. ... Kulothunga Chola was the offspring of two rival dynasties - the Cholas of Thanjavoor and the Chalukyas of Vengi when he came to the throne in 1070 A.D. The Cholas and the Chalukyas had always existed in constant warfare, spaced by periods of uneasy peace, for decades, due to differences...

Notice the erotic panel carvings, Thirpuranthakeshwara Temple (1070 C.E.), Shimoga District To meet Wikipedias quality standards and conform with our NPOV policy, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Snake grid window, Thirpuranthakeshwara Temple (1070 C.E.), Shimoga District To meet Wikipedias quality standards and conform with our NPOV policy, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Lathe turned pillar, Thirpuranthakeshwara Temple (1070 C.E.), Shimoga District To meet Wikipedias quality standards and conform with our NPOV policy, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Mantapa, Kalyani Chalukya architecture, Thripuranthakeshwara Temple (1070 C.E.), Shimoga, Karnataka To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Decline

The Western Chalukyas went into their final dissolution c. 1180 C.E. with the rise of the Hoysalas, Kakatiya and Yadava Dynasty. Events April 13 - Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter November 18 - France Emperor Antoku succeds Emperor Takakura as emperor of Japan Afonso I of Portugal is taken prisoner by Ferdinand II of Leon Artois is annexed by France Prince Mochihito amasses a large army and instigates the Genpei War between... The Hoysala Empire ruled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346. ... The Kakatiya Dynasty was a South Indian dynasty that ruled parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083 to 1323. ... The Yadava Dynasty ruled a kingdom in what is now Maharashtra, India from the 12th century to the 14th century. ...

References

• Durga Prasad, History of the Andhras upto 1565 A. D., P. G. Publishers, Guntur (1988)
• South Indian Inscriptions - http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/
• Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955). A History of South India, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002).
• Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat (2001). Concise History of Karnataka, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002).
• Dr. Romila Thapar, The Penguin History of Early India, From Origin to 1300 AD., 2003, Penguin, New Delhi.