Approximate territory of the Western Kshatrapas (35-405 CE).

The Western Kshatrapas, or Western Satraps, (35-405 CE) were Saka rulers of the western and central part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh states). They were contemporaneous with the Kushans who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, and the Satavahana (Andhra) who ruled in Central India. For alternate uses, see Number 35. ... Events Japanese court officially adopts the Chinese writing system (approximate date). ... For alternate uses, see Number 35. ... Events Japanese court officially adopts the Chinese writing system (approximate date). ... Saka is also the name of a town in Hiroshima, Japan; for information on this town, see Saka, Hiroshima. ... Saurashtra (also Soruth and Sorath) is a former state of India, located on the Kathiawar peninsula of western India. ... Malwa is a region of central India, lying in the western part of Madhya Pradesh state. ... Gujarat (Hindi: गुजरात) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... Maharashtra (महाराष्ट्र) is a state in west-central India. ... Rajasthan (राजस्‍थान) is the geographically largest state in northwestern India. ... Boundary of the Kushan empire, c. ... Approximate extent of the Satavahana Empire, circa 150 CE. The Sātavāhanas, also known as the Andhras, were a dynasty which ruled in Southern and Central India starting from around 230 BCE. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates are of... Andhra Pradesh (ఆంధర దేశం), a state in South India, lies between 12°41 and 22°N latitude and 77° and 84°40E longitude . ...

Altogether, there were 27 independent Kshatrapa rulers during a period of about 350 years. The word Kshatrapa stands for satrap, and its equivalent in Persian Ksatrapavan, which means viceroy or governor of a province. Satrap (Greek σατράπης satrápēs, from Old Persian xšaθrapā(van), i. ... Persia or Persian most often refer to: Persia The Persians, an ethnic group, also called Tajiks Persian language Persian (Pokémon) See also Iranian, Iranian peoples, Iranian languages and Aryan. ...

History

The first Kshatrapas ruled parts of northwestern India as far as Mathura and may have been viceroys of the Kushans. Eventually they became independent as they vanquished the Satavahana empire, but retained the name of Kshatrapas. Mathura (मथुरा) is a city in India, located approximately 50 km north of Agra, and south of Delhi. ... Boundary of the Kushan empire, c. ... Approximate extent of the Satavahana Empire, circa 150 CE. The Sātavāhanas, also known as the Andhras, were a dynasty which ruled in Southern and Central India starting from around 230 BCE. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates are of...

Coin of the Western Kshatrapa ruler Bhratadaman (278 to 295 CE).
Obv: Bust of Bhratadarman, with corrupted Greek legend (Indo-Greek style).
Rev: Three-arched hill or Chaitya, with river, crescent and sun, within legend in Brahmi.

The Kshatrapa dynasty became very powerful with the accession of Nahapana to the throne. Nahapana occupied vast portion of the Satavahana empire in western and central India, although he was ultimately defeated by the powerful Satavahana king Gautamiputra Satakarni in 125 CE. Nahapana managed however to build a strong power base in the west, from which his successors would benefit. He also established the Kshatrapa coinage. Coin of the Western Kshatrapas Bhratadaman (278 to 295 CE). ... Coin of the Western Kshatrapas Bhratadaman (278 to 295 CE). ... Events Births Deaths Categories: 278 ... Events Galerius is defeated in combat by the Persians outside Ctesiphon Tuoba Yi Tuo becomes a chieftain of the Chinese Tuoba tribe. ... Maximum extent of Indo-Greek territory circa 175 BCE. The Indo-Greeks (or sometimes Greco-Indians) designate a series of Greek kings, who invaded and controlled parts of northwest and northern India from 180 BCE to around 10 BCE. They are the continuation of the Greco-Bactrian dynasty of Greek... A chaitya is a meeting or assembly often used for purposes similar to a stupa. ... Brahmi refers to the pre-modern members of the Brahmic family of scripts, attested from the 5th century BC. The best known inscriptions in Brahmi are the rock-cut edicts of Ashoka, c. ...

The Kshatrapa dynasty seems to have reached a high level of prosperity under the rule of Rudrasen II (256-278 CE), 19th ruler of Kshatrapa The last Kshatrapa ruler was Vishwasen, brother and successor to Bhratadaman and son of Rudrasen II.

A new family took control under Rudrasimha, but was eventually conquered by the Gupta emperor Vikramaditya. Silver coin of the Gupta King Kumara Gupta I (414-455 CE). ...

The Kshatrapas established their own calendar, which starts in 78 CE and defines the beginning of the Saka era, and which today the starting year for the official calendar of the Indian Republic. Centuries: 1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century Decades: 0s BC - 0s - 10s - 20s - 30s - 40s - 50s - 60s - 70s - 80s - 90s - 100s Years: 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 Events Romans conquer the Ordovices, located in present-day northern Wales, as well as the Silures. ...

Coinage

The Kshatrapas have a very rich and interesting coinage. It was based on the coinage of the earlier Indo-Greek Kings, with Greek or pseudo-Greek legend and life-like profiles of royal busts on the obverse. The reverse of the coins however is original and typically depict a thunderbolt and an arrow, and later, a chaitya or three-arched hill and river symbol with a crescent and the sun, within a legend in Brahmi. These coins are very informative, since they record the name of the King, of his father, and the date of issue, and have helped clarify the early history of India. Maximum extent of Indo-Greek territory circa 175 BCE. The Indo-Greeks (or sometimes Greco-Indians) designate a series of Greek kings, who invaded and controlled parts of northwest and northern India from 180 BCE to around 10 BCE. They are the continuation of the Greco-Bactrian dynasty of Greek... The Republic of India is the second most populous country in the world, with a population of more than one billion, and is the seventh largest country by geographical area. ...

The coins of the Kshatrapas were also very influencial and imitated by neighbouring or later dynasties, such as the Satavahanas, and the Guptas. Silver coin of the Gupta King Kumara Gupta I (414-455 CE). ...

Main rulers

Kshaharata dynasty:

• Abhiraka (Aubhirakes)
• Bhumaka
• Nahapana (119-124 CE)

Kardamaka dynasty:

• Chastana
• Rudradaman (130-150 CE)
• Rudrasen II (256-278 CE)
• Bhratadaman (278 to 295 CE)
• Vishwasen (294-304 CE)

MIDDLE KINGDOMS OF INDIA
Timeline:	Northern empires	Southern Kingdoms	Foreign kingdoms
6th century BCE 5th century BCE 4th century BCE 3rd century BCE 2nd century BCE 1st century BCE 1st century CE 2nd century CE 3rd century CE 4th century CE 5th century CE 6th century CE 7th century CE 8th century CE 9th century CE 10th century CE Middle kingdoms of India refers to the political entities in India in the 6th century BC through the 6th century AD. Kingdoms and Empires From their original settlements in the Punjab region, the Aryans gradually began to penetrate eastward, clearing dense forests and establishing tribal settlements along the Ganga and... Coin of the Western Kshatrapas Bhratadaman (278 to 295 CE). ...	Magadha empire Nanda empire Mauryan empire Satavahana empire Sunga empire Kuninda kingdom Magadha was one of the four main kingdoms of India at the time of Buddha, having risen to power during the reigns of Bimbisara (c. ... Nanda dynasty was established by an illegitimate son of the king Mahanandin of the previous Shishunaga dynasty. ... The Mauryan empire (321 to 185 BCE), at its largest extent around 230 BCE. The Mauryan empire was Indias first great unified empire. ... Approximate extent of the Satavahana Empire, circa 150 CE. The Sātavāhanas, also known as the Andhras, were a dynasty which ruled in Southern and Central India starting from around 230 BCE. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates are of... Approximate greatest extent of the Sunga empire (185 BCE-73 BCE) The Sunga empire (or Shunga empire) controlled the eastern part of India from around 185 to 73 BCE. It was established after the fall of the Indian Mauryan empire. ... Silver coin of the Kuninda Kingdom, c. ... Gupta empire Pratihara Pala Empire Solanki	Pandya Silver coin of the Gupta King Kumara Gupta I (414-455 CE). ... The Pratiharas, also called the Gurjara-Pratiharas were an Indian dynasty who ruled kingdoms in Rajasthan and northern India from the sixth to the eleventh centuries. ... Buddha and Bodhisattvas, 11th century, Pala Empire. ... The Solanki were a Hindu Rajput dynasty of India, who ruled the kingdom of Gujarat from the 10th to the 13th centuries. ... The Pandyan kingdom was an ancient state at the tip of South India, founded around the 6th century BCE. It was part of the Dravidian cultural area, which also comprised other kingdoms such as that of the Pallava, the Chera, the Chola, the Chalukya and the Vijayanagara. ... Kalinga Chera Chola Kalinga was an ancient kingdom of central-eastern India, in the province of Orissa. ... The Cheras were one of the three ancient Tamil dynasties who ruled the southern tip of the peninsula of India for most of its early history. ... The Cholas were the most famous of the three dynasties that ruled ancient Tamil Nadu. ... Pallava Chalukya Rashtrakuta	(Persian rule) (Greek conquests) The Pallavas were hereditary Hindu rulers who dominated southeastern India between the 4th and 9th centuries. ... The Chalukya Dynasty was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled parts of southern India between 550 and 750, and again between 973 and 1190. ... The Rashtrakutas were a dynasty which ruled the Deccan during the 8th-10th centuries. ... Persian art is conscious of a great past, and monumental in many respects. ... In ancient times, trade between India and Greece flourished with silk, spices and gold being traded. ... Indo-Greek kingdom Indo-Scythians Kushan empire Indo-Parthian kingdom Western Kshatrapas Maximum extent of Indo-Greek territory circa 175 BCE. The Indo-Greeks (or sometimes Greco-Indians) designate a series of Greek kings, who invaded and controlled parts of northwest and northern India from 180 BCE to around 10 BCE. They are the continuation of the Greco-Bactrian dynasty of Greek... The Indo-Scythian King of Kings Azes II (c. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Coin of Gondophares (20-50 AD), first king of the Indo-Parthians kingdom. ... Indo-Hephthalites (First islamic conquests) Billon drachm of the Hephthalite King Napki Malka ( Afghanistan/ Gandhara, c. ... During the middle ages, several Islamic regimes established empires in India. ...

See also

• Indo-Greek Kingdom
• Indo-Scythians
• Indo-Parthians
• Kushan Empire