Punjabi (sometimes spelled Panjabi) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. It is an Indo-European language of the Indo-Iranian subfamily. Also, as an adjective, the word Punjabi qualifies anything or anyone that is related to either Punjab or the Punjabi language, such as the speakers of Punjabi, inhabitants of the Punjab or the Punjabi cuisine of the region. The Republic of India is the second most populous country in the world, with a population of more than one billion, and is the seventh largest country by geographical area. ... The Islamic Republic of Pakistan (, or Islami Jamhooriya-e-Pakistan, in Urdu), or Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and is part of the Greater Middle East. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 The Punjab (also Panjab) is a region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. ... This page attempts to present a list of languages by total native speakers. ... Human Language Families Most languages are known to belong to language families (families hereforth). ... Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies The Indo-European languages include some 443 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by about three billion people, including most of the major language families of Europe and western Asia, which belong to a single superfamily. ... Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies Indo-Iranian languages (also called Aryan languages) are the eastern-most group of the living Indo-European languages. ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, thus belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. ... Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ, पंजाब) is a state in northwest India, part of a larger Punjab region. ... This is a list of bodies that regulate languages. ... ISO 639 is one of several international standards that lists short codes for language names. ... SIL International is a non-profit, faith-based, scientific organization with the main purpose to study, develop and document lesser-known languages for the purpose of expanding linguistic knowledge, promoting world literacy and aiding minority language development. ... As with any complex, emergent concept, language is somewhat resistant to definition. ... This list of languages is alphabetical by English name. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 The Punjab (also Panjab) is a region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. ... The Republic of India is the second most populous country in the world, with a population of more than one billion, and is the seventh largest country by geographical area. ... The Islamic Republic of Pakistan (, or Islami Jamhooriya-e-Pakistan, in Urdu), or Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and is part of the Greater Middle East. ... Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies Indo-European is originally a linguistic term, referring to the Indo-European language family. ... Indo-Iranian can refer to: The Indo-Iranian languages The prehistoric Indo-Iranian people, see Aryan This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Punjabi cuisine (from The Punjab region of Northern India) is mainly based upon Wheat, Masalas (spice), pure desi ghee, with liberal amounts of butter and cream. ...

Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab, and is also spoken in neighbouring areas such as Haryana and Delhi. In Pakistan, however, it is not an official language and has no official status in education. In formal contexts, such as government, newspapers, and education, as well as in most writing, Pakistani Punjabi speakers tend to use Urdu and English, which are the nation's official tongues. This has led to resentment from many Punjabi speakers, who form the largest single linguistic group in Pakistan (i.e. about 50% of the total Pakistani population, or above 60% if we include the closely related Punjabi dialect 'Siraiki', spoken in and around the historical city of Multan). Haryana (हरयाणा) is a state in northwest India. ... Delhi (दिल्ली or Dillī in Hindi and Bengali and دیلی in Urdu) is a term that refers to either the State of Delhi or the National Capital Territory (NCT) of the Republic of India. ... An official language is something that is given a unique status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... Urdu(اردو) is an Indo-European language which originated in India, most likely in the vicinity of Delhi, from whence it spread to the rest of the subcontinent. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Punjabi is also spoken as a minority language in several other countries, including Afghanistan, as well as many nations where Punjabis have emigrated in large numbers, such as Britain, the United States and especially Canada where its the 6th largest language with 271 220 people using it on a daily basis. Punjabi is the sacred language of the Sikhs, in which the religious literature is written (See Adi Granth). It is the usual language of Bhangra music, which has recently gained wide popularity both in South Asia and abroad. A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a country. ... Afghanistan (Pashtu/Dari-Persian: Afğānistān افغانستان) is a country in Central Asia. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 The Punjab (sometimes spelt Panjab) is a region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. ... The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent... The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America, the States, or (archaically) Columbia—is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii). ... Canada is a sovereign state in northern North America, the northern-most country in the world, and the second largest in total area. ... The Golden Temple is the most important sacred shrine for Sikhs Sikhism comes from the word Sikh, which means a strong and able disciple. ... Guru Granth Sahib (Granth is Punjabi for book, Sahib is Hindi meaning master, from Arabic, meaning companion, friend, owner, or master) or Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji or SGGS for short, is more than a holy book of the Sikhs. ... The bhangra is a lively folk dance which traces its roots to the region of Punjab (North India and Pakistan). ... Map of South Asia South Asia is a subregion of Asia comprising the modern states of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, . It covers about 4,480,000 km², or 10 percent of the continent, and is also known as the Indian subcontinent. ...

Punjabi culture, much like its Bengali counterpart, suffered a split between India and Pakistan during the Partition of 1947. As such, Punjabi language and culture tend to be uniting factors in spite of national and religious affiliations. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Partition of India was the process by which British dependencies and treaty states in the Indian subcontinent were granted independence in the 1940s. ... 1947 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Modern Punjabi has borrowed extensively from other languages, including Hindi, Urdu, Persian and English. Like other North Indian languages, it is derived from Sanskrit and is therefore Indo-European. In addition, like Hindi and Urdu, it has a substantial number of loanwords from Arabic, Persian, and even a few from Turkish. Many sources subdivide the Punjabi language into Western Punjabi (Lahnda) and Eastern Punjabi. Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken in most states in northern and central India. ... Urdu(اردو) is an Indo-European language which originated in India, most likely in the vicinity of Delhi, from whence it spread to the rest of the subcontinent. ... Persian (فارسی), also known as Farsi (local name), Parsi (older local name, but still used by some speakers), Tajik (a Central Asian dialect) or Dari (an Afghan dialect), is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The Sanskrit language ( संस्कृता वाक्) is one of the earliest attested members of the Indo-European language family and is not only a classical language, but also an official language of India. ... Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies The Indo-European languages include some 443 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by about three billion people, including most of the major language families of Europe and western Asia, which belong to a single superfamily. ...

There are several different scripts used for writing the Punjabi language, depending on the region and the dialect spoken, as well as the religion of the speaker. Sikhs and others in the Indian state of Punjab tend to use the Gurumukhi or Gurmukhi (from the mouth of the Gurus) script. Hindus, and those living in neighbouring states such as Haryana and Himachal Pradesh sometimes use the Devanagari script. Finally, Muslims, and in general Pakistani Punjabis, use a modified Arabic script called Shahmukhi. The Gurmukhi (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ) script, derived from the Landa alphabet and standardised by Guru Angad Dev in the 16th century, was designed to write the Punjabi language (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ). ... The Gurmukhi (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ) script, derived from the Landa alphabet and standardised by Guru Angad Dev in the 16th century, was designed to write the Punjabi language (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ). ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... Haryana (हरयाणा) is a state in northwest India. ... Himachal Pradesh (हिमाचल प्रदेश) is a state in northwest India. ... Rigveda manuscript in Devanagari (early 19th century) Devanāgarī (देवनागरी — in English pronounced ) (ISCII – IS13194:1991) [1] is a script used to write several Indian languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Bihari, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri and Nepali from Nepal. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... The Islamic Republic of Pakistan (, or Islami Jamhooriya-e-Pakistan, in Urdu), or Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and is part of the Greater Middle East. ... The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing the Arabic language, which is the language of the Quran, the holy book of Islam. ... Shahmukhi is a script used to record the Punjabi language. ...

Much like English, Punjabi has moved around the world and developed local forms by integrating local vocabulary. While most loanwords come from English, Hindi and Urdu (and indirectly, from Persian and Arabic), Punjabi emigrants around the world have integrated terms from such languages as Spanish and Dutch. A distinctive "Diaspora Punjabi" is thus emerging. As there is no formal consensus over vocabulary and spelling in Punjabi, it is likely that Diaspora Punjabi will increasingly deviate from the forms found on the Indian Subcontinent in the future. This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... The Indian subcontinent is the peninsular region of larger South Asia in which the nations of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka as well as parts of Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and some disputed territory currently controlled by China are located. ...

Notable authors

• Waris Shah
• Jaka Shah
• Bulleh Shah
• Hashim
• Sultan Bahu
• Shiv Kumar Batalvi
• Amrita Pritam
• Kartar Duggal
• Mohan Singh
• Pash
• Sahin Nashin Jahui
• Gurbaksh Singh Preetlari
• Nanak Singh
• Ilyas Ghumman
• Saadat Hasan Manto
• Surjit Patar
• Bhai Veer Singh
• Dhani Ram Chatrik
• Gurdial Singh
• Sohan Singh Seetal
• Sant Singh Sekhon

Much more needs to be added here

Waris Shah was a Punjabi poet from the Punjab, most well-known for his seminal work Heer, based on the traditional folk tale of Heer Ranjha. ... Bulleh Shah was a Punjabi Sufi poet, believed to have lived from 1680 to 1758. ... Hashim Shah was the famous poet and literary person who wrote numerous poems and literary writings. ... Sultan Bahu (ca. ... Categories: Stub | 1936 births | 1973 deaths ... Amrita Pritam (अमृता प्रीतम) is a famous Punjabi poet and writer living in India since 1947, when India and Pakistan were divided as two separate countries. ... Saadat Hasan Manto (1912-1955) was a Urdu short story writer of Kashmiri ancestry who was born in the Punjab. ...

See also

• Demographics of India for a list of the official languages of India
• List of Punjabi authors
• List of Punjabi poets
• List of Punjabi prose writers
• List of Punjabi musicians
• List of Punjabi televisions

Although India occupies only 2. ... This is a List of Punjabi poets: Farid Ganjshakar Hashim Shah Hussain Waris Shah Bulleh Shah Sachal Sarmast Guru Nanak Sultan Bahu Khwaja Ghulam Farid Shiv Kumar Batalvi Amrita Pritam Mohan Singh Pash Gurbaksh Singh Preetlari Nanak Singh Ustad Daman Related Articles Punjabi language, Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi Punjab India Pakistan...

External links

• A look at the variety on offer in panjabi language and culture (http://www.panjabi.tv)
• Punjabi dictionary (http://www.punjabidictionary.com/)
• Punjabi Computing Resource Centre (http://guca.sourceforge.net/)
• Academy of the Punjab In North America (APNA) (http://www.apnaorg.com)
• Free online Diaspora Punjabi (Gurmukhi) lessons (http://www.5abi.com/5ratan/)
• Learn Gurmukhi - Sound and Graphics (http://www.punjabonline.com/servlet/library.language?Action=Main)
• Punjabi Language and Literature (http://www.punjabi.net/punjab/literature.htm)
• Peoples and Languages in Pre-Islamic Indus Valley (http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/subject/peoplesandlanguages.html)
• Ethnologue - Languages of India (http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=India)
• Ethnologue - Languages of Pakistan (http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Pakistan)
• Romanized to Unicode Punjabi transliterator (http://www.iit.edu/~laksvij/language/punjabi.html)