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White African people are descendants of Europeans who settled on the continent of Africa under colonial rule. (Known in Shona as the Mukiwa, in Nguni languages as abeLungu and Muzungu in Swahili) These individuals are mostly of Dutch, British, French, Portuguese, and to a lesser extent Italian, Belgian, Spanish, and German ancestry. Prior to the decolonisation movements of the post-WWII era, White Africans numbered at least 10 million persons and were represented in every part of Africa, however many left during and after black African independence movements. Nevertheless, White Africans remain as tenuous minorities in many majority black states. The African country with the largest White African population is South Africa, at approximately 4.4 million. Although white Africans no longer rule various African nations, many have remained as permanent residents and may hold a substantial ownership of the economy and land in specific regions or countries. Image File history File links Circle-question. ... World map showing Europe Political map Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of Earth; the term continent here referring to a cultural and political distinction, rather than a physiographic one, thus leading to various perspectives about Europes precise borders. ... Shona is the principle language of Zimbabwe, in southern Africa. ... Muzungu is a word meaning white person in many Bantu languages of east, central and southern Africa. ... For the cattle breed see Nguni cattle. ... Muzungu is a word meaning white person in many Bantu languages of east, central and southern Africa. ... Swahili (also called Kiswahili; see Kiswahili for a discussion of the nomenclature) is an agglutinative Bantu language widely spoken in East Africa. ... Decolonization generally refers to a movement following the Second World War in which the various European colonies of the world were granted independence. ...

Dutch people in Africa

Further information: Afrikaner and Boer

Dutch settlement, under the Dutch East India Company, began in the Cape of Good Hope (present-day Cape Town) in southern Africa in 1652, making it the oldest European culture in Sub-Saharan Africa. By the late nineteenth century, the descendants of the Dutch (known as Afrikaners) had crossed the Limpopo river into Mashonaland, now part of Zimbabwe. In the early 1900s following the Anglo-Boer War, large numbers of Afrikaners travelled north to British East Africa and settled in what is now Kenya and Tanzania, as well as in Angola. Following the Mau Mau insurgency and general collapse of colonial authorities in the decades after the Second World War, Afrikaner colonies outside South Africa and Namibia diminished in size and the majority of settlers and their descendants returned to South Africa. Afrikaners are a European ethnic group primarily associated with Southern Africa and the Afrikaans language. ... This article is about the Boer people (Boerevolk). ... Dutch colonial possessions, with the Dutch East India Company possessions marked in a paler green, surrounding the Indian Ocean plus Saint Helena in the mid-Atlantic. ... The Cape of Good Hope; looking towards the west, from the coastal cliffs above Cape Point. ... City motto: Spes Bona (Latin: Good Hope) Location of the City of Cape Town in Western Cape Province Province Western Cape Mayor Helen Zille Area  - % water 2,499 km² N/A Population  - Total (2004)  - Density Not ranked 2,893,251 1,158/km² Established 1652 Time zone SAST (UTC+2... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ... Afrikaners are a European ethnic group primarily associated with Southern Africa and the Afrikaans language. ... Northern Transvaal redirects here, see Blue Bulls for the rugby union team. ... Mashonaland is a region in northern Zimbabwe. ... Combatants United Kingdom Australia New Zealand Canada Cape Colony Orange Free State South African Republic Commanders Redvers Buller Frederick Roberts Herbert Kitchener Paul Kruger Martinus Steyn Louis Botha Christiaan de Wet Casualties 22,000 6,500 Civilians killed [mainly Boers]: 24,000+ The Second Boer War, commonly referred to as... Afrikaners are a European ethnic group primarily associated with Southern Africa and the Afrikaans language. ... British East Africa was a British protectorate in East Africa, covering generally the area of present-day Kenya and lasting from 1890 to 1920, when it became the colony of Kenya. ... The Mau Mau Uprising was an insurgency by Kenyan rebels against the British colonial administration from 1952 to 1960. ...

British people in Africa

Further information: Anglo-African

Although there were small British settlements along the West African coast from the 1700s onwards, mostly devoted to the commerce of the slave trade, British settlement in Africa began in earnest only at the end of the eighteenth century, in the Cape of Good Hope. It gained momentum following British annexation of the Cape from the Dutch East India Company, and the subsequent encouragement of settlers in the Eastern Cape in an effort to consolidate the colony's eastern border. A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Motto: Unity, Discipline and Labour(translation) Anthem: LAbidjanaise Capital Yamoussoukro (official)  Abidjan (de facto) Largest city  Abidjan Official languages French Government Republic  -  President Laurent Gbagbo  -  Prime Minister Guillaume Soro Independence from France   -  Date August 7, 1960  Area  -  Total 322,460 km² (68th) 124,502 sq mi   -  Water (%) 1. ... City motto: Spes Bona (Latin: Good Hope) Location of the City of Cape Town in Western Cape Province Province Western Cape Mayor Helen Zille Area  - % water 2,499 km² N/A Population  - Total (2004)  - Density Not ranked 2,893,251 1,158/km² Established 1652 Time zone SAST (UTC+2... Motto: Unity and Freedom Anthem: (Chichewa) Oh God Bless Our Land of Malawi Capital Lilongwe Largest city Blantyre Official languages English (official) Chichewa (national) Government Multi-party democracy  - President Bingu wa Mutharika Independence from the UK   - Independence declared July 6, 1964   - Republic July 6, 1966  Area  - Total 118,484 km...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb[1] West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... The Cape of Good Hope; looking towards the west, from the coastal cliffs above Cape Point. ... The 1820 Settlers were several groups or parties of white, British colonists settled by the British government and the Cape authorities in the South African Eastern Cape in 1820. ... Capital Bhisho Largest city Port Elizabeth Premier Nosimo Balindlela Area - Total Ranked 2nd 169,580 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 3rd 6,436,761 38/km² Languages Xhosa (83%) Afrikaans (9. ...

In the late nineteenth century the discovery of gold and diamonds further encouraged colonisation of South Africa by the British. The search for gold drove expansion north into the Rhodesias (now Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi). Simultaneously, British settlers began expansion into the fertile uplands (often called the "White Highlands") of British East Africa (now Kenya and Tanzania). Most of these settlements were not planned by the British government with many colonial officials concluding they upset the balance of power in the region and left overall imperial interests vulnerable. Cecil Rhodes utilized his wealth and connections towards organizing this ad hoc movement and settlement into a grand imperial policy. This policy had as it's general aim the securing of a Cairo to Cape Town railway system, and settling the upper highlands of East Africa and the whole of Southern Africa south of the Zambezi with British colonies in a manner akin to that of North America and Australasia. GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... This article is about the gemstone. ... Southern Rhodesia, todays Zimbabwe. ... The White Highlands is an area in the central uplands of Kenya, so-called because, during the period of British Colonialism, white immigrants settled there in considerable numbers particularly to take advantage of the good soils and growing conditions. ... Cecil Rhodes. ...

However, prioritization of British power around the globe in the years before the First World War, initially reduced the resources appropriated toward settlement. The First World War and subsequent Great Depression and the general decline of British and European birthrates further hobbled the expected settler numbers. Nonetheless, thousands of colonists arrived each year during the decades preceeding WWII. Despite a general change in British policy against supporting the establishment of white settlements in Africa, and a slow abandonment in the overall British ruling and common classes for a separate and exclusivist white identity, large colonial appendages of white separatist supporters of the British Empire were well entrenched in South Africa, Rhodesia, and Kenya.

In keeping with the general trend toward non-white rule evident throughout most of the globe during the Cold War and the abandonment of colonial positions in the face of American and Soviet pressure, the vestigial remnants of Cecil Rhodes' vision was abruptly ended, leaving British settlers in an exposed, isolated and weak position. Black Nationalist guerrialla forces aided by Soviet expertise and weapons soon drove the colonists into a fortress mentality which led to the break-off of ties with perceived collaborationist governments in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth. The result was a series of wars which eventually led to the utter destruction of the British settlements. Several thousand were murdered, tens of thousands driven off their lands and property, with the majority of those remaining quickly being intimidated and threatened in a low grade genocidal campaign which extinguished most of the remaining settlements. In all, over 2,000,000 White Africans of mostly British descent were killed, pushed out, deported or went into exile from the original British colonies. Nonetheless, in all of these areas, a number of well connected extremely wealthy settlers remained to live following independence and the introduction of black rule in the second half of the twentieth century.

British African also live in Nigeria, Ghana, Namibia, and Uganda.

Portuguese people in Africa

Further information: Portuguese Angolans and Portuguese Mozambicans

The first Portuguese settlements in Africa were built in the sixteenth century. In the late seventeenth century much of Mozambique was divided into prazos, or agricultural estates, which were settled by Portuguese families. In the early twentieth century the Portuguese government encouraged white emigration to Angola and Mozambique, and by the 1960s there were around 500,000 white people living in Portugal's overseas African provinces, and a substantial Portuguese population living in other African countries. Many Portuguese settlers returned to Portugal as the country's African possessions gained independence in the 1970s, while others moved south to South Africa, which now has the largest Portuguese-African population. The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ...

Other White African Groups

Smaller white African groups also settled parts of Africa. These include Spanish in Equatorial Guinea, Western Sahara, Morocco, Ceuta, and Melilla; Italians in Libya, Eritrea, eastern Somalia, and South Africa; Germans in Namibia and South Africa; and Belgians in Democratic Republic of Congo, and Lithuanians in South Africa; and Lebanese Maronite Christians in South Africa. Area  â€“ Total   28 km² Population  â€“ Total (2005)  â€“ Density  75,276  2688. ...  Spain Area  â€“ Total    20 km² (8 mi²) Population  â€“ Total (2006)  â€“ Density  66,871  3,343. ...

Armenians and Greeks once numbered thousands in Ethiopia and Sudan, before civil wars, revolutions and nationalization drove most of them out. They still have community centers and churches in these countries.

Current Populations (2005 est. From CIA)

White Population by Country

• South Africa: 4,465,300 (as of July 2006)
• Namibia: 120,000
• Zambia: 10,000
• Côte D'Ivoire: 20,000
• Angola: 10,000
• Zimbabwe: 56,743 (The 2002 census)
• Tanzania: 5,000
• Botswana: 40,000
• Kenya: 20,000
• Gabon: 20,000
• Mozambique: 10,000
• Equatorial Guinea: 1,000
• Other African nations: 30,000

Total: Approximately 5,950,000

Note on South Africa: Many white people live in tight private, gated neighborhoods, or farms, and did not receive or return a census form. So the white South African population may be undercounted. At this same time a force of 100,000 temporary employees tracked down nearly every legal black resident, although it is believed 3 to 5 million illegal or unregistered black people are also in the country. A more accurate estimate may be that 12% of South Africa's population is white. In addition, it is estimated that between 1 and 2 million white South Africans live abroad and so the total number could be closer to 6 million, if one were to count to count the global and home White South African community. Entrance to a guard-gated community (Paradise Village Grand Marina Villas, Nuevo Vallarta, Mexico). ...

The white population of Zimbabwe was much higher in the 1960s (when the country was known as Rhodesia), when it was 270 000 at its highest. After the introduction of majority rule in 1980 many white people left the country. Southern Rhodesia, todays Zimbabwe. ...

Languages

White Africans speak their languages as their first languages (English, Afrikaans, Portuguese, French, and Spanish) and some also major native African languages. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Look up Wiktionary:Swadesh lists for Afrikaans and Dutch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...