Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery near Paris, the foremost necropolis of White Russians.

A White émigré (in Russian Beloemigrant, or Белоэмигрант), or White Russian, is a term used to describe a Russian who had emigrated from Russia in the wake of the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War. Image File history File links Genevievedebois. ... Image File history File links Genevievedebois. ... Russian cemetery at Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Cemetery, specifically the one known as Cimetière de Liers, as there are two cemeteries in the city, is a Russian Orthodox cemetery, located on Rue Léo Lagrange in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, département... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political and social upheavals in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the tsarist autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal and moderate-socialist Provisional Government, resulting in the establishment of Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ... Combatants Red Army (Bolsheviks) White Army (Monarchists, SRs, Anti-Communists) Green Army (Peasants and Nationalists) Black Army (Anarchists) Commanders Leon Trotsky Mikhail Tukhachevsky Semyon Budyonny Lavr Kornilov, Alexander Kolchak, Anton Denikin, Pyotr Wrangel Alexander Antonov, Nikifor Grigoriev Nestor Makhno Strength 5,427,273 (peak) +1,000,000 Casualties 939,755...

Many white émigrés were participants in the White movement, although the term is broadly applied to anyone who may have left the country due to the change in regimes, as well as the descendants of those who left and still retain a Russian Orthodox Christian identity while living abroad. Most white emigrés left Russia from 1917 to 1923 (estimates vary between 900,000 and 2 million), although some managed to leave during the late twenties and thirties via buying foreign passports or being exiled by the Soviet Government (such as philosopher Ivan Ilyin). White Army redirects here. ... The Eastern Orthodox Church is a Christian body that views itself as: the historical continuation of the original Christian community established by Jesus Christ and the Twelve Apostles, having maintained unbroken the link between its clergy and the Apostles by means of Apostolic Succession. ... Ivan Ilyin Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin (Russian: Иван Александрович Ильин) (March 28, 1883 - December 21, 1954) was a Russian religious and political philosopher, and émigré anti-communist publicist associated with the White movement. ...

Distribution

Most emigrés initially lived in eastern European Slavic countries, such as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. A large number also fled to Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland and to Turkey. Those coming from Siberia and the Russian Far East lived in Shanghai and other surrounding areas of China as well as Japan. In the wake of Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and World War II, most Russian emigrés fleeing communism moved further west to France (which already had a sizeable emigré community), the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, and Australia. Distribution of Slavic people by language The Slavic peoples are a linguistic and ethnic branch of Indo-European peoples, living mainly in Europe, where they constitute roughly a third of the population. ... Motto: One nation, one king, one country Anthem: Medley of Bože pravde, Lijepa naÅ¡a domovino, and Naprej zastava slave Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbo-Croato-Slovenian (see: Serbo-Croat and Slovenian) [1] Government Value specified for government_type does not comply King  - 1918-1921 Peter I  - 1921-1934 Alexander... Siberian Federal District (darker red) and the broadest definition of Siberia (red) arctic northeast Siberia Udachnaya pipe Siberia (Russian: , Sibir; Tatar: ) is a vast region of Russia constituting almost all of Northern Asia and comprising a large part of the Euro-Asian Steppe. ... Far Eastern Federal District (highlighted in red) Russian Far East (Russian: Д́альний Вост́ок Росс́ии; English transliteration: Dalny Vostok Rossii) is an informal term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Molotov signs the German-Soviet non-aggression pact. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

Ideological inclinations

White emigrés are generally speaking anticommunist and do not consider the Soviet Union and its legacy to be Russian at its core. They consider the period of 1917 to 1991 to have been a period of occupation by the Soviet regime which was internationalist and anti-Christian. Anti-communism is opposition to communist ideology, organization, or government, on either a theoretical or practical level. ... International Socialism redirects here. ...

A significant percent of white emigrés may be described as monarchists, although many adopted a position of being "unpredetermined" ("nepredreshentsi"), believing that Russia's political structure should be determined by popular plebiscite. A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ...

Many white emigrés believed that their mission was to preserve the pre-revolutionary Russian culture and way of life while living abroad, in order to return this influence to Russian culture after the fall of the USSR.

A religious mission to the outside world was another concept promoted by people such as Bishop John of Shanghai and San Francisco (canonized as a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad) who said at the 1938 All-Diaspora Council: Saint John (Maximovitch) of Shanghai and San Francisco was a noted Eastern Orthodox ascetic and hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (ROCOR) who was active in the mid-20th century. ... The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, ROCA, or ROCOR) is a jurisdiction of Eastern Orthodoxy formed in response against the policy of bolsheviks with respect to religion in the Soviet Union soon after the Russian Revolution. ...

"To the Russians abroad it has been granted to shine in the whole world with the light of Orthodoxy, so that other peoples, seeing their good deeds, might glorify our Father Who is in Heaven, and thus obtain salvation for themselves."

Many white emigrés also believed it was their duty to remain active in combat against the Soviet dicatorship, with the hopes of liberating Russia. This ideology was largely inspired by General Pyotr Wrangel, who said upon the White army's defeat "The battle for Russia has not ceased, it has merely taken on new forms". Pyotr Nikolaevich Wrangel (1878 - 1928) was a Russian general and counter-revolutionary. ...

White army veteran Captain Vasili Orekhov, publisher of the "Sentry" journal, encapsulated this idea of responsibility with the following words:

"There will be an hour - believe it - there will be, when the liberated Russia will ask each of us: "What have you done to accelerate my rebirth." Let us earn the right not to blush, but be proud of our existence abroad. As being temporarily deprived of our Motherland let us save in our ranks not only faith in her, but an unbending desire towards feats, sacrifice, and the establishment of a united friendly family of those who did not let down their hands in the fight for her liberation"

Organizations and Activities

The émigrés formed various organizations for the purpose of combatting the Soviet regime such as the Russian All-Military Union, the Brotherhood of Russian Truth, and the NTS. This made the white emigrés a target for infiltration by the Soviet secret police (i.e. operation TREST and the Inner Line). Seventy five White army veterans served as volunteers supporting Francisco Franco during the Spanish civil war. The Russian All-Military Union (in Russian Русский Обще Воинский Союз, abbreviated as РОВС) was founded by White Army General Pyotr Wrangel in Yugoslavia on September 1st, 1924. ... The flag of the BRP The Brotherhood of Russian Truth (in Russian: Братство Русской Правды) was a Russian patriotic organization established by Pyotr Krasnov and other former members of the White movement, for the purpose of overthrowing Bolshevism in Soviet Russia. ... The National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (in Russian Национально Трудовой Союз), known by its Russian abbreviation NTS is a Russian patriotic anticommunist organization founded in 1930 by a group of young Russian anticommunist emigres in Belgrade. ... Trust or Trest Operation (операция Трест) was an operation presented as a spectacular counterintelligence success of OGPU in 1921-1926. ... The Inner Line (in Russian Внутренная Линия) was a secret intelligence organization started in the 1920s within the Russian emigre community living in Europe and controlled from within by the Soviet OGPU intelligence agency. ... Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892–20th (or possibly 19th) November[1] 1975), commonly abbreviated to Francisco Franco (pron. ... Combatants Spanish Republic With the support of: Soviet Union[1] Nationalist Spain With the support of: Italy Germany Commanders Manuel Azaña Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín Francisco Franco Gonzalo Queipo de Llano Emilio Mola José Sanjurjo Casualties 500,000[2] The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil Espa...

Some white émigrés adopted pro-Soviet sympathies, for which they were labelled "Soviet patriots". These people formed organizations such as the Mladorossi, the Evraziitsi, and the Smenovekhovtsi. The Union of Mladorossi (Soyuz Mladorossov, in Russian: Союз Младороссов) was a political group of Russian emigre monarchists (mostly living in Europe) who advocated a hybrid of Russian monarchy and the Soviet system, best evidenced by their motto Tsar and the Soviets. The organization started in 1923, as the Union of Young... The Eurasianists (Russian: Евразийцы, Evraziitsy) was a political movement in the Russian emigre community in the 1920s. ... The Smenovekhovtsy (Сменовеховцы) is the name for a political movement in the Russian emigré community that began shortly after the publication of the magazine Smena Vekh (translated Change of Signposts) in Prague, in the year 1921. ...

During World War II, many white émigrés took part in the Russian Liberation Movement. On the other hand, a significant number participated in anti-Nazi movements such as the French resistance. During the war, the white émigrés came into contact with former Soviet citizens who fled the Soviet Union, often referred to as the second wave of emigres. This smaller second wave fairly quickly began to assimilate into the White emigre community. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Russian Liberation Movement (Русское Освободительное Движение) is a term used to describe Russians during World War II who tried to create an anti-communist armed force which would topple the regime of Joseph Stalin. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Cultural assimilation (often called merely assimilation) is an intense process of consistent integration whereby members of an ethno-cultural group, typically immigrants, or other minority groups, are absorbed into an established, generally larger community. ...

Page from an emigre history text for children, titled "The Purpose of Fighting Communism"

After the war, active anti-Soviet combat was almost exclusively continued by NTS: other organizations either dissolved, or began concentrating exclusively on self preservation and/or educating the youth. Various youth organizations, such as the Russian scouts in exile became functional in raising children with a background in pre-Soviet Russian culture and heritage. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... badge of Scouts-in-Exile cooperation Scouts-in-Exile, also referred to as Scouts-in-Exteris, are Scouting and Guiding groups formed overseas from their native country as a result of war and changes in governments. ...

The white emigrés, acting to preserve their church from Soviet influence, formed the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad in 1924. The church continues its existence to this day, acting as both the spiritual and cultural center of the Russian Orthodox community abroad. The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, ROCA, or ROCOR) is a jurisdiction of Eastern Orthodoxy formed in response against the policy of bolsheviks with respect to religion in the Soviet Union soon after the Russian Revolution. ...

Notable White Emigrés

• Alexander Alekhine
• André Andrejew
• Metropolitan Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh
• Natalia, Princess Brassova
• Yul Brynner
• Ivan Bunin
• Alexandra Danilova
• Serge Diaghilev
• Georges Florovsky
• George Ignatieff
• Ivan Ilyin
• Wassily Leontief
• Vladimir Lossky
• Mother Maria
• Pavel Milyukov
• Helen Mirren's father
• Dmitri Nabokov
• Vladimir Nabokov
• Dimitri Obolensky
• Alexander Obolensky
• Oleg Pantyukhov
• Anna Pavlova
• Olga Preobrajenska
• Alexander Procofieff de Seversky
• Nicholas V. Riasanovsky
• Sergei Rachmaninoff
• Michael Rostovtzeff
• Alexander Schmemann
• John of Shanghai and San Francisco
• Igor Sikorsky
• Pitirim Sorokin
• Igor Stravinsky
• Otto Struve
• Peter Struve
• Alexandra Tolstaya
• Ariadna Tyrkova-Williams
• Metropolitan Vitaly Ustinov
• Marie Vassiltchikov
• George Vernadsky
• Baron Pyotr Wrangel
• Natalie Wood's parents
• Vladimir Yourkevitch
• Nicholas Zernov
• Vladimir Zvorykin
• Victor Starffin

Alexander Alekhine Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (sometimes spelled Aljechin or Alechin) (IPA: ; Russian: ; other members of his family pronounce it , French: Alexandre Alekhine) (October 31 or November 1, 1892 – March 24, 1946) was a Russian-born naturalized French chess grandmaster (officially naturalized in 1927 only three days before the World Champion... André Andrejew (* January 21, 1887 - † March 13, 1967), was one of the most important art directors of the international cinema of the twentieth century. ... Metropolitan Anthony (Bloom) of Sourozh (19 June 1914 - 4 August 2003), Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church. ... World War I postcard showing Princess Brasova. ... Yul Brynner (July 11, 1920[1] – October 10, 1985) was a Russian-born Broadway and Academy Award-winning Hollywood actor. ... The Russian writer Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin (October 10, 1870 - November 8, 1953), born in Voronezh, won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1933. ... Danilova as Fanny Cerrito in Pas de Quatre. ... Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev (Сергей Павлович Дягилев) (March 19, 1872 – August 19, 1929), often known as Serge, was a Russian ballet impresario and founder of the Ballets Russes from which many famous... Georges Florovsky (Russian Георгий Васильевич Флоровский; * August 23, 1893 in Odessa; † August 11, 1979 USA), Eastern Orthodox theologian, historian and ecumenist. ... George Ignatieff George Ignatieff, CC, MA, DCL (December 16, 1913 - August 10, 1989) was a Canadian diplomat and was the recipient of the 1984 Pearson Medal of Peace for his work in international service. ... Ivan Ilyin Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin (Russian: Иван Александрович Ильин) (March 28, 1883 - December 21, 1954) was a Russian religious and political philosopher, and émigré anti-communist publicist associated with the White movement. ... Wassily Leontief (August 5, 1905, Munich, Germany – February 5, 1999, New York)[1], was an economist notable for his research on how changes in one economic sector may have an effect on other sectors. ... Vladimir N. Lossky (May 26, 1903–February 7, 1958) was a 20th century Greek or Eastern Orthodox theologian. ... Mother Maria (Russian: Мать Мария) (1891 – 1945), born Elizaveta Yurievna Pilenko (Елизавета Юрьевна Пиленко), Kuzmina-Karavayeva (Кузьмина-Караваева) by her first marriage, Skobtsova (Скобцова) by her second marriage, was a Russian noble lady, poetess and member of the French Resistance movement during World War II. She died in the Ravensbrück concentration camp. ... Pavel Nikolayevich Milyukov (Cyrillic: Павел Николаевич Милюков) (1859-1943) was (alongside Vladimir Lenin and Peter Stolypin) the greatest Russian politician of pre-revolutionary years. ... Dame Helen Mirren DBE (born on July 26, 1945) is an Academy Award-winning English stage, television and film actress. ... Dmitri Nabokov (born May 10, 1934), is the only child of Russian writer Vladimir Nabokov. ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Набо́ков, pronounced ) (April 22 [O.S. April 10] 1899, Saint Petersburg – July 2, 1977, Montreux) was a Russian-American author. ... Dimitri Obolensky was born Prince Dmitriy Dmitrievich Obolensky at St Petersburg on 19 March/1 April 1918 and died at died at Burford, Oxfordshire on 23 December 2001. ... Prince Alexander Obo Obolensky (February 17, 1916 — March 1940) was a Russian prince and an international rugby union footballer who played for England. ... Colonel Oleg Ivanovich Pantyukhov (Russian: ; 25 March 1882 [1] - 1973 [2]) was the founder of the Russian Association of Scouts/Navigators. ... Photographic postcard of Anna Pavlova as Aspicia in The Pharoahs Daughter, circa 1910 Anna Pavlova as Nikiya in the Grand Pas Classique of the Shades from Act III of La Bayadere, circa 1902 Anna Pavlova is also the name of an Olympic gymnast. ... Olga Preobrajenska (1871-1962) was probably the best loved ballerina of the Russian Imperial Ballet. ... Alexander Procofieff de Seversky, (or De Seversky or DeSeversky), (June 7, 1894-August 24, Georgian-born American aviation pioneer, inventor, and influential advocate of strategic air power. ... Nicholas V. Riasanovsky is a professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley and the author of numerous books on Russian History. ... Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff (Russian: , Sergej Vasilevič Rakhmaninov, 1 April 1873 (N.S.) or 20 March 1873 (O.S.) – 28 March 1943) was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor, one of the last great champions of the Romantic style of European classical music. ... Mikhail Ivanovich Rostovtzeff, or Rostovtsev (October 29, 1870-October 20, 1952) was one of the 20th centurys foremost authorities on ancient Greek and Roman history. ... Alexander Schmemann (13 May 1921 - 13 December 1983) was a prominent 20th century Orthodox Christian priest, theologian, and writer. ... Saint John (Maximovitch) of Shanghai and San Francisco was a noted Eastern Orthodox ascetic and hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (ROCOR) who was active in the mid-20th century. ... Igor Sikorsky Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky (Russian: ; Ukrainian: Ігор Іванович Сікорський) (25 May 1889 – 26 October 1972) was a pioneer of aviation who designed the first four-engine airplane and the first successful helicopter of the most common configuration (single main rotor tail rotor). ... Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin (1889-1968) immigrated from Russia to the United States in 1923 where he founded the Department of Sociology at Harvard University. ... Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Russian: Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский, Igor Fëdorovič Stravinskij) (June 17, 1882 – April 6, 1971) was a Russian composer, considered by many in both the West and his native land to be the most influential composer of 20th-century music. ... Otto Struve (August 12, 1897 - April 6, 1963) was a Russian-American astronomer. ... Peter Bergardovich Struve (1870 - 1944) was a Russian political economist and Marxist. ... Alexandra Lvovna (1884-1979) was the youngest daughter and secretary of the famous Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy. ... Ariadna Vladimirovna Tyrkova-Williams (November 13, 1869, Saint Petersburg - January 12, 1962, Washington, DC, Ariadna Borman during the first marriage) was a Russian liberal politician, journalist, writer and feminist. ... Metropolitan Vitaly Ustinov (Russian -Митрополит Виталий, в миру - Ростислав Петрович Устинов), (18 March 1910, St Petersburg - 25 September 2006, Magog, Canada) was a clergyman of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia. ... Marie Illarionovna Vassiltchikov (Russian: ; January 11, 1917 - August 12, 1978) was a Russian princess who was involved in the July 20 Plot to kill Adolf Hitler. ... A History of Russia by George Verdansky George Vernadsky (1887-1973) (Russian: Георгий Вернадский) an American historian and an author of numerous books on Russian history. ... Baron Wrangel At a prayer vigil upon accepting command. ... Natalie Wood (July 20, 1938 – November 29, 1981) was a three time Academy Award nominated American film actress. ... Vladimir Yourkevitch working on design of SS Normandie Vladimir Ivanovich Yourkevitch (Russian: , also spelled Yurkevich, 1885-December 13, 1964) was a Russian Naval Engineer, developer of modern design of ship hull, designer of famous ocean liner SS Normandie. ... Nicholas Zernov (also Nicolas, 1898-1980) was a Russian émigré and lay Orthodox theologian. ... Vladimir Zworykin, 1929, holding his kinescope Vladimir Kozmich Zworykin (Russian: ) (July 30, 1889 - July 29, 1982) was a Russian-American inventor, engineer, and pioneer of television technology. ... Victor Starffin (Виктор Константинович/Фëдорович Старухин May 1, 1916 - January 12, 1957) was a Japanese baseball player from...

Notable White Emigre organizations and entities

Orthodox Church Jurisdictions:

• Russian Orthodox Church Abroad (РПЦЗ, Зарубежная Церковь)
• Patriarchal Exarchate for Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Western Europe (Парижский Экзархат)
• Orthodox Church in America (АПЦ, Митрополия) - was not entirely founded by White Emigres but includes a significant percentage of White emigre parishes.

Military and semi-Military Organizations: The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, ROCA, or ROCOR) is a jurisdiction of Eastern Orthodoxy formed in response against the policy of bolsheviks with respect to religion in the Soviet Union soon after the Russian Revolution. ... The Patriarchal Exarchate for Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Western Europe is an exarchate of the Ecumenical Patriatchate of Russian Orthodox tradition, based in Paris, and having parishes throughout Europe, mainly centered in France. ... The Orthodox Church in America (OCA) is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church in North America. ...

• Russian All Military Union (РОВС)
• The Don Cossack Host
• The Kuban Cossack Host
• The Terek Cossack Host
• The Russian Corps Combatants (Союз Чинов Русского Корпуса)
• The Association of Cadets (Объединение Кадет Российских Корпусов за Рубежом)

Political organizations: The Russian All-Military Union (in Russian Русский Обще Воинский Союз, abbreviated as РОВС) was founded by White Army General Pyotr Wrangel in Yugoslavia on September 1st, 1924. ... Don Cossacks refers to cossacks that settled along the Don River, Russia it its lower and middle parts. ... Kuban Cossacks at the Moscow Victory Parade of 1945 Kuban Cossacks (Russian: ) are Cossacks that live on the Kuban region of Russia, they consider themselves direct successors to the Zaporozhian Cossacks. ... Terek Cossack Host (Russian: ) was a Cossack host created in 1577 from free Cossacks resettled from Volga to Terek River. ... The Russian Corps, the Russian Guard Corps, the Russian Corps in Serbia, the Separate Russian Corps (Русский Охранный Корпус, Русский Корпус в Сербии, Russisches Schutzkorps Serbien) was an armed force that existed from 1941 to 1945 in Yugoslavia, predominantly composed of anti-communist Russian emigres. ... Cadet Corps (in Russian: Kadetskiy Korpus, Кадетский Корпус) is an admissions based military middle school for young boys that was founded in the Russian Empire in the year 1732, soon becoming widespread throughout the country. ...

• The National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (НТС)
• The Congress of Russian Americans
• The Russian Imperial Union Order (РИС-О)
• The High Monarchist Union (Высший Монархический Совет)
• The Mladorossi
• The Russian All National Popular State Movement (РОНДД)
• The Union of Battle for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (СБОНР) - was founded by the "second wave" emigres but also included many White emigres.

Youth organizations: The National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (in Russian Национально Трудовой Союз), known by its Russian abbreviation NTS is a Russian patriotic anticommunist organization founded in 1930 by a group of young Russian anticommunist emigres in Belgrade. ... 19th-Century Russian Knight Commanders Badge The Russian Imperial Union Order (Russkiy Imperskiy Soyuz Orden, Русский Имперский Союз - Орден, РИС-О) is a traditional Russian monarchist organization that was chartered in 1929 by white emigres living abroad. ... The Union of Mladorossi (Soyuz Mladorossov, in Russian: Союз Младороссов) was a political group of Russian emigre monarchists (mostly living in Europe) who advocated a hybrid of Russian monarchy and the Soviet system, best evidenced by their motto Tsar and the Soviets. The organization started in 1923, as the Union of Young... The Russian (Rossiyan) All National Popular State Movement (in Russian: Rossiyskoe Obschenatsionalnoe Narodno Derzhavnoe Dvizheniye, abbreviated as RONDD, Cyrillic: Российское Общенациональное Народно Державное Движение, abbreviated as РОНДД) was a Russian political emigre organization based primarily in West Germany that sought to unite the participants of the Russian Liberation Army and the White emigres. ... The Union of Battle for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (In Russian: Soyuz Borbi za Osvobozhdeniye Narodov Rossii, Союз Борьбы за Освобождение Народов России, abbreviated as SBONR, СБОНР) was an organization of anti-communist Russians and Rossiyans which emerged from the youth organization of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia. ...

• Organization of Russian Young Pathfinders (ОРЮР)
• National Organization of Russian Scouts (НОРС)
• National Organization of Knights (НОВ, Витязьи)
• National Association of Russian Explorers (НОРР)
• Russian Christian Students Movement (РСХД)
• Orthodox Organization of Russian Pathfinders (ПОРР)
• Russian Sokol (Русский Сокол)

Charitable organizations: The Organization of Russian Young Pathfinders (ORYuR/) is one of the two large Russian Scouting in Exile movements. ... The National Organization of Russian Scouts (NORS/НОРС) is one of the two large Russian Scouting in Exile movements. ... The National Association of Russian Explorers (NORR; in Russian: Национальная Организация Русских Разведчиков, Natsionalnaya Organizatsiya Russkih Razvedchikov, НОРР) is a youth organization founded by former Russian Scout Pavel Nikolaevich Bogdanovich, a White emigre and veteran of the Russian Imperial army, in the late 1920s after leaving the National Organization of Russian Scouts of... Sokol is the Slavic word for falcon. The word can be used to refer to any of the following: Sokol movement, the physical education organization founded in Prague in 1862 the Sokol train, the high speed train planned in Russia Sokol, Russia, the town in Russia SOKOL, a notable manufacturing...

• The Tolstoy Foundation

The Tolstoy Foundation is a non-profit charitable, philantropic organization. ...

See also

• Russians in Australia
• Russians in Bulgaria
• Harbin Russians
• Russian diaspora

The first Russian citizen known to have become a permanent resident of Australia was John Potocki, a former Russian Army officer who landed in Hobart, Tasmania on 18 February 1804. ... The Russian Church in Sofia, Bulgaria The Muscovite-style Shipka Memorial Church Russians (Bulgarian: , rusnatsi) form the third largest minority in Bulgaria, numbering 15,595 according to the 2001 census,[1] and mostly living in the large urban centres, such as Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Ethnic Russians in China. ... The term Russian diaspora refers to the global community of ethnic Russians. ...

References

• M.V. Nazarov, The Mission of the Russian Emigration, Moscow: Rodnik, 1994. ISBN 5-86231-172-6