White minority rule describes a situation where whites, comprising the minority of inhabitants, hold power over (i.e.disenfranchised) a non-white population (the majority).
A dominant minority is a group that has overwhelming political, economic or cultural dominance in a country or region despite representing a small fraction of the overall population (a demographicminority).
Whiteminorityrule ended in these countries through a combination of violent attacks by non-white groups; peaceful protests by non-whites; widespread international moral, political and financial pressure, including from majority-white countries; and changing attitudes within the whiteminorities themselves.
The most commonly cited examples of minorities that may have had economic power and influence in a society but lacked political dominance and often suffered as a result are: the Jewish communities in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, South Asians in East Africa and Chinese in Indonesia and Malaysia.
The Second Chimurenga refers to the guerrilla war of 1972-1980, which led to the end of white-minority rule in Rhodesia and to the independence of Zimbabwe.
Although the victory of the nationalist Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) in Zimbabwe's 1980 independence elections following the national liberation struggle against whiteminorityrule was greeted with jubilation, for many war veterans, ZANU militants, and landless fl peasants in Zimbabwe, the hopes raised by liberation dissipated.
Colonial social and economic structures remained largely intact, with a small minority of white farmers owning the vast majority of the country's arable land-- the main unit of production in the mostly agricultural society.
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