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White spirit, also known as Stoddard solvent, is a paraffin-derived clear, transparent liquid which is a common organic solvent used in painting and decorating. In 1924, an Atlanta drycleaner named W. J. Stoddard worked with Lloyd E. Jackson of the Mellon Research Institute to develop specifications for a less volatile drycleaning solvent as an alternative to more volatile petroleum solvents. Drycleaners began using it in 1928 and it was the predominant drycleaning solvent in the United States from the late 1920s until the late 1950s. Paraffin is a common name for a group of alkane hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2, where n is greater than about 20, discovered by Carl Reichenbach. ...
A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution. ...
It is a mixture of saturated aliphatic and alicyclic C7 to C12 hydrocarbons with a maximum content of 25% of C7 to C12 alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons. In chemistry, non-aromatic and non-cyclic (acyclic) organic compounds are called aliphatic. ...
An alicyclic compound is an organic compound that is both aliphatic and cyclic. ...
Oil refineries are key to obtaining hydrocarbons; crude oil is processed through several stages to form desirable hydrocarbons, used in fuel and other commercial products. ...
An alkyl is a univalent radical containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in a chain. ...
An aromatic hydrocarbon (abbreviated as AH) or arene [1] is a hydrocarbon, the molecular structure of which incorporates one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms that are connected by delocalised electrons numbering the same as if they consisted of alternating single and double covalent bonds. ...
White spirit is used as an extraction solvent, as a cleaning solvent, as a degreasing solvent and as a solvent in aerosols, paints, wood preservatives, lacquers, varnishes, and asphalt products. In western Europe about 60% of the total white spirit consumption is used in paints, lacquers and varnishes. White spirit is the most widely used solvent in the paint industry. In households, white spirit is commonly used to clean paint brushes after decorating. Its paint thinning properties enable brushes to be properly cleaned (by preventing the paint from hardening and ruining the bristles) and therefore enabling them to be re-used. Aerosol spray can Aerosol spray is a type of canister that sprays an aerosol when its button is pressed or held down. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
In a general sense, lacquer is a clear or coloured coating, that dries by solvent evaporation only and that produces a hard, durable finish that can be polished to a very high gloss, and gives the illusion of depth. ...
Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or film primarily used in wood finishing but also for other materials. ...
Base layer of asphalt concrete in a road under construction. ...
Three different types and three different grades of white spirit exist. The type refers to whether the solvent has been subjected to hydrodesulfurization (removal of sulfur) alone (type 1), solvent extraction (type 2) or hydrogenation (type 3). Each type comprises three different grades: low flash grade, regular grade, and high flash grade. The grade is determined by the crude oil used as the starting material and the conditions of distillation. Hydrodesulfurization is one means of lowering the sulfur content of liquids from oil/coal. ...
Hydrogenation is a class of chemical reactions which result an addition of hydrogen (H2) usually to unsaturated organic compounds. ...
Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Petroleum (from Greek petra – rock and elaion – oil or Latin oleum – oil ) or crude oil is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. ...
In addition there is type 0, which is defined as distillation fraction with no further treatment, consisting predominantly of saturated C9 to C12 hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 140-200 °C.
Physical properties The physical properties of the three types of white spirit are: The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change its state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid at a given pressure. ...
The molecular mass (abbreviated Mr) of a substance, formerly also called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ...
Relative density is a dimensionless ratio of the densities of two materials. ...
The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture with air. ...
The vapor pressure is the pressure (if the vapor is mixed with other gases, the partial pressure) of a vapor. ...
Volatility most frequently refers to the standard deviation of the change in value of a financial instrument with a specific time horizon. ...
Categories: Pages needing attention | Chemistry stubs | Chemistry ...
The explosive limit of a gas or a vapour, is the limiting concentration (in air) that is needed for the gas to ignite and explode. ...
Vapour density refers to the density of a vapour in relation to that of hydrogen. ...
The refractive index (or index of refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves) is reduced inside the medium. ...
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to deform under shear stress. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ...
The Kauri-butanol value is a standardized measure of solvent power for a hydrocarbon solvent, and is governed by an ASTM standardized test, ASTM D1133. ...
Reactivity refers to the rate at which a chemical substance tends to undergo a chemical reaction in time. ...
Toxicity White spirit is mainly classed as an Irritant. The word irritant may refer to: Something that causes irritation, often a chemical substance. ...
White spirit has a fairly low acute toxicity by inhalation of the vapour, dermal (touching the skin) and oral routes (ingestion). However, acute exposure can lead to central nervous system depression resulting in lack of coordination and slowed reactions. Exposure to very high concentrations in enclosed spaces can lead to general narcotic effects (drowsiness, dizziness, nausea etc...) and can eventually lead to unconsciousness. Oral ingestion presents a high aspiration hazard. Prolonged or repeated skin exposure over a long period of time, can result in severe irritant dermatitis; also called contact dermatitis. It is highly recommended that skin exposure is kept to a minimum by use of gloves and that hands are washed when coming into contact with it. Occasional exposure to skin is highly unlikely to cause any problems. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Dermatitis is a blanket term literally meaning inflammation of the skin. It is usually used to refer to eczema, which is also known as Dermatitis eczema. ...
Contact dermatitis is a term for a skin reaction resulting from exposure to allergens or irritants. ...
Exposure to an average white spirit concentration of 240 mg/m3(40 ppm) for more than 13 years could lead to chronic Central nervous system effects. White spirit is implicated in the development of "chronic toxic encephalopathy" among house painters. A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ...
Encephalopathy literally means disease of the brain. ...
Owing to the volatility and low bioavailability of its constituents, white spirit, although it is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms, is unlikely to present significant hazards to the environment. It should not however, be purposely poured down the sink or freshwater drain if avoidable. It should be disposed of correctly wherever possible.
See also In artist grade odorless mineral spirits, which many oil painters use as a turpentine alternative, all aromatic compounds are removed. ...
Turpentine substitute is a mineral based replacement for the vegetable based organic solvent turpentine. ...
WD-40 is the trademark of a widely used penetrating oil (cleaner, lubricant and anti-corrosive solution) spray. ...
References For other meanings of the acronym WHO, see WHO (disambiguation) WHO flag Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the World Health Organization (WHO) is an agency of the United Nations, acting as a coordinating authority on international public health. ...
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