For the neighbourhood in Memphis, Tennessee see Whitehaven, Memphis.

Whitehaven
Whitehaven shown within Cumbria
Population	25,500
OS grid reference	NX974181
District	Copeland
Shire county	Cumbria
Region	North West
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	WHITEHAVEN
Postcode district	CA28
Dial code	01946
Police	Cumbria
Fire	Cumbria
Ambulance	North West
UK Parliament	Copeland
European Parliament	North West England
List of places: UK • England • Cumbria

Coordinates: 54°32′53″N 3°35′08″W / 54.548, -3.5855 Whitehaven is a neighborhood on the south side of Memphis,Tennessee, first organized in the late 19th century. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 504 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (600 × 714 pixel, file size: 352 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Red_pog. ... Cumbria (IPA: ), is a shire county in the extreme North West of England. ... The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using latitude or longitude. ... The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government. ... Copeland is a local government district and borough in western Cumbria, England. ... Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of English administrative division used for the purposes of local government. ... Cumbria (IPA: ), is a shire county in the extreme North West of England. ... The region, also known as Government Office Region, is currently the highest tier of local government subnational entity of England in the United Kingdom. ... North West England is one of the nine regions of England. ... Constituent countries is a phrase used, often by official institutions, in contexts in which a number of countries make up a larger entity or grouping; thus the OECD has used the phrase in reference to the former Yugoslavia[1], the Soviet Union and European institutions such as the Council of... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is God Save the Queen. See also Proposed English National Anthems. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... A post town is a required part of all UK postal addresses. ... UK postal codes are known as postcodes. ... The CA postcode area, also known as the Carlisle postcode area[2], is a group of postal districts around Alston, Appleby-in-Westmorland, Beckermet, Brampton, Carlisle, Cleator, Cleator Moor, Cockermouth, Egremont, Frizington, Holmrook, Keswick, Kirkby Stephen, Maryport, Moor Row, Penrith, Ravenglass, Seascale, St Bees, Whitehaven, Wigton and Workington in England. ... The UK telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Numbering Plan, is regulated by the Office of Communications (Ofcom), which replaced the Office of Telecommunications (Oftel) in 2003. ... Cumbria Constabulary is the Home Office police force in England covering the county of Cumbria. ... A Fire Appliance belonging to the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service The fire service in the United Kingdom has undergone dramatic changes since the beginning of the 21st century, a process that has been propelled by a devolution of central government powers, new legislation and a change to operational... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust was formed on 1 July 2006 as part of Health Minister Lord Warners plans to reduce the number of NHS ambulance service trusts operating in the United Kingdom to 12. ... The United Kingdom House of Commons is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs). ... Copeland is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... This is a list of Members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom in the 2004 to 2009 session, ordered by name. ... North West England is a constituency of the European Parliament. ... List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places within counties List of places in Bedfordshire List of places in Berkshire List of places in Buckinghamshire List of places in Cambridgeshire List of places in Cheshire List of places in Cleveland List of places... This is a list of cities, towns and villages in the county of Cumbria, England. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Whitehaven is a town and port on the coast of Cumbria. It is the meeting place and headquarters the Borough Council of Copeland, part of the County of Cumbria. Copeland is a local government district and borough in western Cumbria, England. ... The traditional counties as usually portrayed. ... Cumbria (IPA: ), is a shire county in the extreme North West of England. ...

Located on the west coast of the county, outside the Lake District National Park, Whitehaven is made up of a number of former villages, estates and suburbs, such as Kells, Mirehouse and Hensingham. Hensingham is a small village in Cumbria, England, that has become a suburb of the town of Whitehaven. ...

The major industry is the nearby Sellafield nuclear power complex, with which a large proportion of the population has links. The Sellafield facility on the Cumbrian coast, United Kingdom Sellafield is the name of a nuclear site, close to the village and railway station of Seascale, operated by the British Nuclear Group, but owned since 1 April 2005 by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority. ...

Early days

...grown up from a small place to be very considerable by the coal trade, that it is now the most eminent port in England for shipping off of coals, except Newcastle and Sunderland and even beyond the last. They have of late fallen into some merchandising also, occasioned by the great number of their shipping, and there are now some considerable merchants; but the town is yet but young in trade.^[1]

Whitehaven was largely the creation of the Lowther family. It grew into a major coal mining town during the 18th and 19th centuries and also became a substantial commercial port on the back of this trade. This article is about a city in the United Kingdom. ... , The Wearmouth Bridge Sunderland (pronounced: , or ) is a city in North East England which was formerly a county borough, and is now part of the City of Sunderland in Tyne and Wear. ... There have been seven creations of baronetcies for members of the Lowther family. ...

John Paul Jones led a naval raid upon the town in 1778 during the American War of Independence; it was the last invasion of England by some definitions. John Paul Jones (July 6, 1747–July 18, 1792) was Americas first well-known naval hero in the American Revolutionary War. ... The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen of her North American colonies. ...

The town has links to many notable people: Jonathan Swift, kidnapped here as a baby by a runaway nurse, Mildred Gale, grandmother of George Washington, and William Wordsworth, who often came into town to visit his family. Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift (November 30, 1667 – October 19, 1745) was an Irish cleric, satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for Whigs then for Tories), and poet, famous for works like Gullivers Travels, A Modest Proposal, A Journal to Stella, The Drapiers Letters, The Battle of the Books, and... Mildred Gale (1671-1701) was born Mildred Warner in Virginia, USA. She is best remembered for being the Paternal Grandmother of George Washington, the First President of the United States of America. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... William Wordsworth (April 7, 1770 – April 23, 1850) was a major English romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads. ...

Whitehaven is the most complete example of planned Georgian architecture in Europe and recently has been pursuing growth through tourism. Due to Whitehaven's planned layout with streets running parallel or intersecting perpendicular many historians believe that Whitehaven was the blueprint for the New York grid system. A Georgian house in Salisbury Georgian architecture is the name given in English-speaking countries to the architectural styles current between about 1720 and 1840, named after the four British monarchs named George. ... “NY” redirects here. ...

Harbour

The town's fortunes as a port waned rapidly when ports with much larger shipping capacity, such as Bristol and Liverpool, began to take over its main trade. Its peak of prosperity was in the 19th century when West Cumbria experienced a brief boom because haematite found locally was one of the few iron ores that could be used to produce steel by the original Bessemer process. Improvements to the Bessemer process and the development of the open hearth process removed this advantage. As with most mining communities the inter-war depression was severe; this was exacerbated for West Cumbria by Irish independence which suddenly placed tariff barriers on the principal export market. This article is about the English city. ... Location within England Coordinates: , Sovereign state United Kingdom Constituent country England Region North West England Ceremonial county Historic county Merseyside Lancashire Admin HQ Liverpool City Centre Founded 1207 City Status 1880 Government  - Type Metropolitan borough, City  - Governing body Liverpool City Council Area  - Borough & City 43. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hematite (AE) or haematite (BE) is the mineral form of Iron (III) oxide, (Fe2O3), one of several iron oxides. ... Bessemer converter, schematic diagram The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron. ... Open hearth furnaces are one of a number of kinds of furnace where excess carbon and other impurities are burnt out of pig iron to produce steel. ... The History of Ireland began with the first known human settlement in Ireland around 8000 BC, when hunter-gatherers arrived from Britain and continental Europe, probably via a land bridge. ...

Whitehaven's port was also a smuggler’s haven with bootlegging being rife. It was due to the smuggling of neat and mixed alcohol that Rum Butter originated in the town.

Railways

Whitehaven has a rich railway history. It used to be a terminus of the Furness Railway, and still has two railway stations on the Cumbrian Coast Line, which runs from Carlisle to Barrow-in-Furness. Furness Railway was one of the constituent companies of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in the Railways Act 1921. ... The Cumbrian Coast Line runs from Carlisle to Barrow_in_Furness via Workington and Whitehaven. ... , Carlisle is a city in the far north-west of England, and is the largest urban area in Cumbria. ... Barrow-in-Furness is a town in Cumbria, England. ...

The harbour was once riddled with railway lines, when steam engines would shunt trucks full of coal, iron, gypsum and many other cargoes onto the quays for ships to take elsewhere in the world. It has been suggested that Selenite be merged into this article or section. ...

Mines and Pits

The Whitehaven mines were the first to extend under the sea. This was achieved when Saltom Pit was sunk in 1729. Saltom Pit was also the first pit thought to have used explosives to assist in the sinking of shafts. By the 1730s Whitehaven had the deepest mines due to the necessity to drive ever deeper shafts to reach new seams of coal.

One of the earliest steam engines, built by Thomas Newcomen, was installed at Stone Pit in Whitehaven to help in drainage and haulage. William Brownrigg, Whitehaven's most eminent scientist, was the first to investigate the explosive mine gas fire damp. // The term steam engine may also refer to an entire railroad steam locomotive. ... Thomas Newcomen (baptised 24 February 1664; died 5 August 1729) was an ironmonger by trade, and a Baptist lay preacher by calling. ... Fire-damp is composed chiefly of methane with varying percentages of other gases. ...

In 300 years over 70 pits were sunk in the Whitehaven and district area. During this period some 500+ people were killed in pit disasters. The largest disaster was in 1910, at Wellington Pit where 136 miners lost their lives. In 1947, at William Pit there was another disaster of similar proportions where 104 men were killed. Today there is no mining carried out in Whitehaven. The last pit to operate, Haig, was closed in 1986.

Marchon

In 1941, Fred Marzillier and Frank Schon moved their Marchon Chemical Company to Whitehaven to avoid German bombing. Marchon started producing some of the first detergents in the world. The new detergents were a big success as soap was in short supply due to the war. The company continued producing their own detergents as well as bulk detergent ingredients for other companies after the war. It was taken over by Albright and Wilson, often referred to as 'all bright and shiny', in 1955. The Marchon works became the town's largest employer when the mines closed down. However, it too was closed in 2005. For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Laundry detergents are just one of many possible uses for detergents Detergent is a compound, or a mixture of compounds, intended to assist cleaning. ... A collection of decorative soaps used for human hygiene purposes. ... Albright and Wilson was founded in 1856 as a United Kingdom manufacturer of potassium chlorate and phosphorus for the match industry. ... Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Sport

Whitehaven is a rugby league stronghold, its team Whitehaven RLFC play in National League one. There are also several Whitehaven-based teams playing in the amateur Cumberland League. Wally Lewis passing the ball in Rugby League State of Origin. ... Whitehaven RLFC is a rugby league team playing in Whitehaven in West Cumbria. ... The Rugby League National Leagues (currently known as the LHF Healthplan National Leagues as a result of sponsorship) form the basis for rugby league competition in Great Britain below Super League. ... The Cumberland League is a series of rugby league divisions in the traditional county of Cumberland. ...

Aston Villa and England goalkeeper Scott Carson was also born in Whitehaven. Scott Paul Carson (born September 3, 1985 in Whitehaven, Cumbria) is an English football goalkeeper, currently playing for Aston Villa of the English Premier League // Scott started his football career playing for local amateur side Cleator Moor Celtic. ...

Parton Roman Fort

A Roman fortlet stood (as part of the Solway Coast defences) at Parton, just North of Whitehaven. Also just north of Whitehaven is Lowca, which was shelled by a German submarine during World War One; an event which the Germans made much of at the time, and Lowca has made much of ever since. Local legend has it that a quick thinking local worker opened a steam valve on a piece of machinery and the German submarine, seeing the plume of steam, thought they had destroyed a target and left. Apparently the only fatality of the incident was one local dog. Map of Solway Firth. ... Lowca is a village in the English county of Cumbria. ...

Maritime Festival

Whitehaven also plays host to a maritime festival which started in 1999 and is held every two years with the 2007 festival taking place on the 15th-17th June.

The festival includes tall ships, air displays which include the Red Arrows, and various modern and old planes, street entertainment, and firework displays. Red Arrows Hawk at speed during a display The Red Arrows, officially known as the Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team, is the aerobatics display team of the Royal Air Force, based at RAF Scampton, United Kingdom. ...

At the 2003, 2005 and 2007 Festivals the local Sea Cadets were very much in evidence, conducting the traditional Evening Colours ceremony each evening aboard one of the visiting tall ships, and also taking part in the Festival's official closing ceremony during the late Sunday afternoon each year.

The Beacon Centre; a museum by the harbour.

WWII 60th Anniversary Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1536x2048, 1345 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1536x2048, 1345 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...

The 2005 festival also marked the 60th Anniversary of the end of the Second World War in which Whitehaven had been designated Cumbria’s Official commemoration celebration. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

Up to 1,000 veterans and ex-service personnel took part in the parade from the towns Castle Park to the harbour side, led by members of three military bands. Services were held on the harbour side and aircraft from the Royal Airforce provided a tribute display above the harbour.

Digital Switchover Trial

On March 15, 2007, Digital UK announced that Whitehaven and the surrounding area would be the first area within the UK to have the signal for analogue terrestrial television switched off.[1] is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Digital UK is the organisation that oversees the digital switchover of television in the United Kingdom. ... Terrestrial television (also known as over-the-air, OTA or broadcast television) was the traditional method of television broadcast signal delivery prior to the advent of cable and satellite television. ...

The signal for BBC Two will be switched off first on October 17 2007 and this will be followed by the remaining channels on November 14. After this date, all televisions will need to be connected to Freeview or digital satellite. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Freeview is the operator of free digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom, using the DVB-T standard. ... Artists impression of a Boeing 601 satellite, as configured for digital television transmission by SES Astra Satellite television is television delivered by way of communications satellites, as compared to conventional terrestrial television and cable television. ...

Neighbouring Towns

The main towns neighbouring Whitehaven are Workington to the north, Cleator Moor to the East and Egremont to the south. Villages close by which are not suburbs include St Bees and Beckermet to the south and Distington to the north. , Workington is a town and port on the west coast of Cumbria, England at the mouth of the River Derwent. ... Cleator Moor is a small town in the county of Cumbria, England. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... St Bees viewed from South Head. ... Beckermet is a village and post town in the English county of Cumbria. ...

Music Scene

Whitehaven has a metal orientated music scene with many local bands performing regularly at events such as the annual punk festival and rock24/7. The only major indoor venue is the town's Civic Hall with a capacity of around 650 people. The biggest band to date is Morrissey who came to Whitehaven's Civic Hall on the 29th of April 2006; the only event in recent times that Whitehaven has had fans queuing overnight for a ticket. Whitehaven has also hosted notable acts such as the Super Furry Animals, Echo and the Bunnymen, Gomez and, more recently, the Holloways on June the 4th 2007. Other smaller venues known to host live music include The John Paul Jones, The Three Tuns, Shakers, Gallaghers and Blue. Steven Patrick Morrissey (born May 22, 1959) is an English singer and songwriter from Davyhulme, near Manchester. ... The Holloways are a four-piece band from North London. ...

Notes

1. ^ excerpt from Daniel Defoe

Daniel Defoe (1659/1661 [?] â€“ April 24 [?], 1731)[1] was an English writer, journalist, and spy, who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. ...

See also

• Jonathan Swift
• Cumbria

Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift (November 30, 1667 – October 19, 1745) was an Irish cleric, satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for Whigs then for Tories), and poet, famous for works like Gullivers Travels, A Modest Proposal, A Journal to Stella, The Drapiers Letters, The Battle of the Books, and... Cumbria (IPA: ), is a shire county in the extreme North West of England. ...

External links

• myWhitehaven.net - a website for the local community.
• Whitehaven.org.uk website
• Rediscover Whitehaven
• Whitehaven on VisitCumbria.
• Whitehaven and Western Lakeland.
• Whitehaven Maritime Festival
• Whitehaven RLFC Official Website
• Whitehaven Sea Cadet Corps Website
• Whitehaven Male Voice Choir website
• A website about the history of West Cumbria, with a section for Whitehaven
• Index of Whitehaven Sailing Ships website