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Encyclopedia > Whore
Criminal law
Part of the common law series
Criminal elements
Actus reus · Causation · Concurrence
Mens rea · Intention · Recklessness
Criminal negligence · Ignorantia juris…
Strict, Corporate & Vicarious liability
Crimes against people
Assault · Battery · Robbery
Sexual offences · Pimping · Rape
Kidnapping · Manslaughter · Murder
Crimes against property
Criminal damage · Arson
Theft · Burglary · Deception
Crimes against justice
Obstruction of justice · Bribery
Perjury · Malfeasance in office
Inchoate offenses
Attempt
Conspiracy · Accessory
Criminal defenses
Automatism, Intoxication & Mistake
Insanity · Diminished responsibility
Duress · Necessity
Provocation · Self defence
Other areas of the common law
Contract law · Tort law · Property law
Wills and trusts · Evidence
Portals: Law · Criminal justice
Crimes

Classes of crime
Infraction  · Misdemeanor  · Felony
Summary  · Indictable  · Hybrid

Against the person
Assault  · Battery
Extortion  · Harassment
Kidnapping  · Identity theft
(Corporate) Manslaughter
Murder  · Rape
Robbery

Against property
Arson  · Blackmail
Burglary  · Deception
Embezzlement  · False pretenses
Fraud  · Handling
Larceny  · Theft
Vandalism

Against the public order
Drug possession

Against the state
Tax evasion
Espionage  · Treason

Against justice
Bribery  · Misprision of felony
Obstruction  · Perjury
Malfeasance in office

Inchoate offenses
Accessory  · Attempt
Conspiracy  · Incitement
Solicitation  · Common purpose

Note: Crimes vary by jurisdiction.
Not all are listed here.

Prostitution is sexual intercourse in exchange for remuneration. The legal status of prostitution varies in different countries, from punishable by death to complete legality. A woman who is supported by only one man she has sexual intercourse with but does not live with is a mistress, and is not normally considered a prostitute. Male prostitutes offering services to female customers are known as "gigolos" or "escorts". Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Image File history File links Scale_of_justice. ... Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of statutory and common law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses. ... This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ... Actus reus is the action (or inaction, in the case of criminal negligence and similar crimes which are sometimes called acts of omission) which, in combination with the mens rea (guilty mind), produces criminal liability in common law based criminal law jurisdictions such as the United States, United Kingdom. ... Causation is the bringing about of a result, and in law it is an element in various tests for legal liability. ... For other uses, see concurrency. ... The mens rea is the Latin term for guilty mind used in the criminal law. ... In the criminal law, intention is one of the three general classes of mens rea necessary to constitute a conventional as opposed to strict liability crime. ... In the criminal law, recklessness (sometimes also termed willful blindness which may have a different meaning in the United States) is one of the three possible classes of mental state constituting mens rea (the Latin for guilty mind). To commit an offence of ordinary as opposed to strict liability, the... Criminal negligence, in the realm of criminal common law, is a legal term of art for a state of mind which is careless, inattentive, neglectful, willfully blind, or reckless; it is the mens rea part of a crime which, if occurring simultaneously with the actus reus, gives rise to criminal... Ignorantia juris non excusat or Ignorantia legis neminem excusat (Latin for ignorance of the law does not excuse) is a public policy holding that a person who is unaware of a law may not escape liability for violating that law merely because he or she was unaware of its content... In criminal law, strict liability is liability where mens rea (Latin for guilty mind) does not have to be proved in relation to one or more elements comprising the actus reus (Latin for guilty act) although intention, recklessness or knowledge may be required in relation to other elements of the... In the criminal law, corporate liability determines the extent to which a corporation as a fictitious person can be liable for the acts and omissions of the natural persons it employs. ... The legal principle of vicarious liability applies to hold one person liable for the actions of another when engaged in some form of joint or collective activity. ... In criminal law, an offence against the person usually refers to a crime which is committed by direct physical harm or force being applied to another person. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Sex crimes are forms of human sexual behavior that are crimes. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Property damage is damage or destruction done to public or private property, caused either by a person who is not its owner or by natural phenomena. ... The Skyline Parkway Motel in Afton, Virginia after an arson fire on July 9, 2004. ... Everyday instance of theft: the bike which fits on this wheel has disappeared. ... In English law, the main deception offences are defined in the Theft Act 1968 (TA68), the Theft Act 1978 and the Theft (Amendment) Act 1996. ... Modern Obstruction of Justice, in a common law state, refers to the crime of offering interference of any sort to the work of police, investigators, regulatory agencies, prosecutors, or other (usually government) officials. ... Bribery is a crime implying a sum or gift given alters the behaviour of the person in ways not consistent with the duties of that person. ... Perjury is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law or in any of various sworn statements in writing. ... Malfeasance in office, or official misconduct, is the commission of an unlawful act, done in an official capacity, which affects the performance of official duties. ... An inchoate offence is the crime of preparing for or seeking to commit another crime. ... The crime of attempt occurs when a person does an act amounting to more than mere preparation for a criminal offense, with specific intent to commit a crime, if that act tends but fails to effect the commission of the offense intended. ... In the criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between natural persons to break the law at some time in the future, and, in some cases, with at least one overt act in furtherance of that agreement. ... An accessory is a person who assists in or conceals a crime, but does not actually participate in the commission of the crime. ... Automatism is a disassociative state where the individual suffering from it has no control over their actions. ... ... Mistake of law and mistake of fact are two types of defense by excuse, via which a defendant may argue that they should not be held criminally liable for breaking the law or liable for damages under a civil law action. ... In a criminal trial, the insanity defenses are possible defenses by excuse, via which defendants may argue that they should not be held criminally liable for breaking the law, as they were mentally ill at the time of their allegedly criminal actions. ... In criminal law, diminished responsibility (or diminished capacity) is a potential defense by excuse by which defendants argue that although they broke the law, they should not be held criminally liable for doing so, as their mental functions were diminished or impaired. ... For English law on the criminal defence, see duress in English law. ... This article is about the law definition of necessity. ... For the country-specific law, see provocation in English law. ... This article and defense of property deal with the legal concept of excused (sometimes termed justified) acts that might otherwise be illegal. ... A contract is any promise or set of promises made by one party to another for the breach of which the law provides a remedy. ... In the common law, a tort is a civil wrong for which the law provides a remedy. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... In the common law, a will or testament is a document by which a person (the testator) regulates the rights of others over his property or family after death. ... The law of trusts and estates is generally considered the body of law which governs the management of personal affairs and the disposition of property of an individual in anticipation and the event of such persons incapacity or death, also known as the law of successions in civil law. ... The law of evidence governs the use of testimony (e. ... Image File history File links Scale_of_justice. ... For the similarly spelled medical term referring to a blocked artery, see infarction. ... A misdemeanor, or misdemeanour, in many common law legal systems, is a lesser criminal act. ... For the record label, see Felony Records The term felony is a term used in common law systems for very serious crimes, whereas misdemeanors are considered to be less serious offenses. ... In many common law jurisdictions (e. ... A hybrid offence or dual offence are the special offences in Canadian criminal law where the prosecution may choose whether to proceed with a summary offence or an indictment. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Extortion is a criminal offense, which occurs when a person either obtains money, property or services from another through coercion or intimidation or threatens one with physical harm unless they are paid money or property. ... Harassment refers to a wide spectrum of offensive behavior. ... Identity theft is a term first appearing in U.S. literature in the 1990s, leading to the drafting of the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act. ... Corporate manslaughter is a term in English law for an act of homicide committed by a company. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Skyline Parkway Motel in Afton, Virginia after an arson fire on July 9, 2004. ... For other uses, see Blackmail (disambiguation). ... For the purposes of English law, deception is defined in s15(4) Theft Act 1968 and applies to the deception offences in the Theft Act 1968, and to the Theft Act 1978 and the Theft (Amendment) Act 1996. ... False pretenses is a common law crime. ... For the turning characteristics of land vehicles, see Car handling. ... In the United States, larceny is a common law crime involving stealing. ... Everyday instance of theft: the bike which fits on this wheel has disappeared. ... Vandalism is the conspicuous defacement or destruction of a structure, a symbol or anything else that goes against the will of the owner/governing body. ... In criminology public order crime is defined by Siegel (2004) as ...crime which involves acts that interfere with the operations of society and the ability of people to function efficiently, i. ... Drug possession is the crime of having one or more illegal drugs in ones possession, either for personal use, distribution, sale or otherwise. ... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ... Tax rates around the world Tax revenue as % of GDP Economic policy Monetary policy Central bank   Money supply Fiscal policy Spending   Deficit   Debt Trade policy Tariff   Trade agreement Finance Financial market Financial market participants Corporate   Personal Public   Banking   Regulation        Tax avoidance is the legal utilization of the tax regime to... Spy and Secret agent redirect here. ... For other uses, see Treason (disambiguation) or Traitor (disambiguation). ... This article is about the concept of justice. ... Bribery is a crime implying a sum or gift given alters the behaviour of the person in ways not consistent with the duties of that person. ... Misprision of felony, under the common law of England, was the crime of failing to report knowledge of a felony to the appropriate authorities. ... Modern Obstruction of Justice, in a common law state, refers to the crime of offering interference of any sort to the work of police, investigators, regulatory agencies, prosecutors, or other (usually government) officials. ... Perjury is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law or in any of various sworn statements in writing. ... Malfeasance in office, or official misconduct, is the commission of an unlawful act, done in an official capacity, which affects the performance of official duties. ... An inchoate offence is the crime of preparing for or seeking to commit another crime. ... An accessory is a person who assists in or conceals a crime, but does not actually participate in the commission of the crime. ... The crime of attempt occurs when a person does an act amounting to more than mere preparation for a criminal offense, with specific intent to commit a crime, if that act tends but fails to effect the commission of the offense intended. ... In the criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between natural persons to break the law at some time in the future, and, in some cases, with at least one overt act in furtherance of that agreement. ... In English criminal law, incitement is an anticipatory common law offence and is the act of persuading, encouraging, instigating, pressuring, or threatening so as to cause another to commit a crime. ... Solicitation is a crime; it is an inchoate offense that consists of a person inciting, counseling, advising, urging, or commanding another to commit a crime with the specific intent that the person solicited commit the crime. ... In criminal law, the doctrine of common purpose, common design or joint enterprise refers to the situation where two or more people embark on a project with a common purpose that results in the commission of a crime. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Look up whore in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... It has been suggested that Duration of sexual intercourse be merged into this article or section. ... Remuneration is pay or salary, typically monetary compensation for services rendered, as in a employment. ... Madame de Pompadour, the mistress of King Louis XV of France. ... Male prostitution is the sale of sexual services by a male prostitute (commonly called a hustler or rentboy; see below for other expressions) with either male or female clients. ...


The term is used loosely to indicate someone who engages in sexual acts that are disapproved of[1], such as sexual promiscuity or sex outside of marriage. Cultural usage varies widely, and the use of the term as a pejorative indicates acts that are not formally considered prostitution in a cultural context.

Contents

Terminology

The English word whore, referring to (female) prostitutes, is taken from the Old English word hōra (from the Indo-European root meaning "desire") but usage of that word is widely considered pejorative and prostitute is considered a less vulgar and value-laden term. The great degree of social stigma associated with prostitution, of both buyers and sellers, has led to terminology such as 'commercial sex trade', 'commercial sex worker' (CSW) or sex trade worker. In Germany most prostitutes' organizations deliberately use the word Hure (whore) since they feel that prostitute is a bureaucratic term. See also: call girl, courtesan, escort, female companion. Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon[1], Old English: ) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with pejoration. ... A sex worker in Germany A sex worker is a person who earns money by providing sexual services. ... A call girl is a prostitute who is not visible to the general public, like a street walker, and who does not usually belong to an institution like a brothel. ... A courtesan in mid-16th century usage was a high-class prostitute or mistress, especially one associated with rich, powerful, or upper-class men who provided luxuries and status in exchange for her services. ... A call girl is a prostitute who is not visible to the general public, like a street walker, and who does not usually belong to an institution like a brothel. ...

"The Procuress" by Dirck van Baburen
"The Procuress" by Dirck van Baburen

Male prostitutes offering their services to male customers are called "hustlers" or "rent boys". Male prostitutes offering services to female customers are known as "gigolos". Prostitution is sometimes called the "world's oldest profession". Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (650x612, 123 KB) Česky | Deutsch | English | Ελληνικά | Español | فارسی | Français | עברית | Indonesian | Italiano | 日本語 | 한국어 | Magyar | Nederlands | Polski | Português | Românǎ | Русский | Slovenščina | Српски | Sunda | 简体中文 | 正體中文 | Türkçe | Русский | Українська +/- File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (650x612, 123 KB) Česky | Deutsch | English | Ελληνικά | Español | فارسی | Français | עברית | Indonesian | Italiano | 日本語 | 한국어 | Magyar | Nederlands | Polski | Português | Românǎ | Русский | Slovenščina | Српски | Sunda | 简体中文 | 正體中文 | Türkçe | Русский | Українська +/- File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other... Prometheus Being Chained by Vulcan by Dirck van Baburen (1623) Oil on canvas, 202 x 184 cm. ...


Prostitutes are not the only people who have sex for money. Pornographic actors and actresses get paid for having sex, but are not generally regarded as prostitutes. A pornographic actor/actress or a porn star (also spelled as pornstar) is somebody who appears in pornographic films or photographs, live sex shows or peep shows. ...


Organisers of prostitution are typically known as pimps (if male) and madams (if female). More formally, they practice procuring, and are procurers, or procuresses. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about general usage. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...


Another generalisation is using the term or an equivalent to mean any form of earning well in an unscrupulous degrading manner, e.g., 'quote whore', 'media whore', 'cam whore'. The term pimp is also sometimes similarly used derogatively, as in poverty pimp, or as a word that means unjustly benefit from others' misery. A cam whore (sometimes cam-whore or cam-slut)[1] is an individual who exposes himself or herself on the Internet with webcam software in exchange for goods, usually via enticing viewers to purchase items on their wish lists or add to their online accounts. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ...


Prostitutes are stigmatised in most societies and religions; their customers are typically stigmatised to a lesser degree. The sexual counterparts of prostitutes are known as "johns" in North America and "punters" in the British Isles. These slang terms are used among both prostitutes and law enforcement for persons who solicit prostitutes. For other uses, see Society (disambiguation). ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... This article describes the archipelago in north-Western Europe. ...


The term john may have originated from the customer practice of giving their name as 'John', a common name in English-speaking countries, in an effort to maintain anonymity. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...


In some places, men who drive around red-light districts for the purpose of soliciting prostitutes are also known as kerb crawlers. A red-light district is a neighborhood where prostitution is a common part of everyday life. ... Solicitation is a crime; it is an inchoate offense that consists of a person inciting, counseling, advising, urging, or commanding another to commit a crime with the specific intent that the person solicited commit the crime. ... A kerb crawler is a person who drives round areas known for street prostitution soliciting prostitutes for sex. ...


Definition

In street prostitution the prostitute solicits customers while waiting at street corners or "walking the street". Street prostitution is a common scenario for prostitution. ... Solicitation is a crime; it is an inchoate offense that consists of a person inciting, counseling, advising, urging, or commanding another to commit a crime with the specific intent that the person solicited commit the crime. ...


Brothels are establishments specifically dedicated to prostitution, often confined to special red-light districts in big cities. Other names for brothels include Bordello, Whorehouse, Cathouse, and General houses. Prostitution also occurs in some massage parlours, and in Asian countries in some barber shops where sexual services may be offered as a secondary function of the premises. Prostitution is the sale of sexual services (typically manual stimulation, oral sex, sexual intercourse, or anal sex) for cash or other kind of return, generally indiscriminately with many persons. ... The De Wallen red-light district in Amsterdam A red-light district is a neighborhoooood where prostitution and other businesses in the sex industry flourish. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A boy visiting a barber A barber (from the Latin barba, beard) is someone whose occupation is to cut any type of hair, give shaves, and trim beards. ...


In escort prostitution, the act takes place at the customer's place of residence or more commonly at his or her hotel room (currently referred to as "out-call"), or at the escort's place of residence or in a hotel room rented for the occasion by the escort (called "incall"). This form of prostitution often shelters under the umbrella of escort agencies, who ostensibly supply attractive escorts for social occasions. While escort agencies claim never to provide sexual services, very few successful escorts are available exclusively for social companionship. Even where this type of prostitution is legal, the ambiguous term "escort service" is commonly used. (See call girl). In the US, escort agencies advertise frequently on the internet and example advertisements can be readily found on any major search engine and on open forum sites such as Craigslist. In the case of prostitutes using the internet to place ads, or prospective customers advertising for a prostitute, a long list of abbreviations and "code words" are used to describe how much a service may cost, or what specific act is being requested (see List of prostitution-related jargon terms). This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A call girl is a prostitute who is not visible to the general public, like a street walker, and who does not usually belong to an institution like a brothel. ... Craigslist is a centralized network of online urban communities, featuring free classified advertisements (with jobs, internships, housing, personals, for sale/barter/wanted, services, community, gigs, resume, and pets categories) and forums sorted by various topics. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...


Some escorts may work independently of an agency (indies). This is achieved by advertising the services on offer directly in newspapers, magazines or the internet. Communication with clients is usually made on a telephone and appointments are negotiated without any third party involvement.


In sex tourism, travellers from rich countries travel to poorer countries such as Thailand in search of sexual services that may be more expensive in their own countries. Other popular sex tourism destinations are Brazil, the Caribbean, and former eastern bloc countries. Sex tourism is travel to engage in sexual intercourse or sexual activity with prostitutes, and is typically undertaken internationally by tourists from wealthier countries. ... “West Indian” redirects here. ... A map of the Eastern Bloc 1948-1989. ...


The setting common in Russia and other countries of the former USSR takes the form of an open-air prostitution market. One prostitute stands by a roadside, and directs cars to a so-called "tochka" (usually located in alleyways or carparks), where lines of women are paraded for customers in front of their car headlights. The client selects a prostitute, whom he takes away in his car. Under these conditions in particular, the women (often very young girls) are exposed to the risk of abuse. Prevalent in the late 1990s, this type of service has been steadily declining in the recent years. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...


A "lot lizard" is a commonly-encountered special case of street prostitution. Lot lizards mainly serve those in the trucking industry at truck stops and stopping centers. Prostitutes will often proposition truckers using a CB radio from a vehicle parked in the non-commercial section of a truck stop parking lot, communicating through codes based on commercial driving slang, then join the driver in his truck. "Recreational Reptile" see above. This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... A truck stop is a commercial facility that provides fuel, parking and usually food and other services to long-haul trucks. ... A trucker is a person who is employed as a truck driver (particularly of semi-trailers). ... Citizens band radio (CB) is, in the United States, a system of short distance radio communication between individuals on a selection of 40 channels within the single 27 MHz (11 meter) band. ...


Street

Main article: Street prostitution

In street prostitution, the prostitute solicits customers while waiting at street corners (sometimes called "the track" by pimps and prostitutes alike), usually dressed in skimpy clothing. Street prostitutes are often called "street walkers" while their customers are referred to as "tricks". The sex is performed in the customer's car, in a nearby alley, or in a rented room (motels that service prostitutes commonly rent rooms by the half or full hour). Street prostitutes are often motivated by drug addiction (though the statistics are disputed),[2] and are sometimes referred to by slang terms such as "crack whores". Street prostitution is a common scenario for prostitution. ... This article needs cleanup. ...


Escort/Out-call

Tart cards in a British phone box advertising the services of call girls
Tart cards in a British phone box advertising the services of call girls
Main article: Call girl

Escort agencies typically advertise in regional publications and even telephone listings like the Yellow Pages. Many maintain websites with photo galleries of the employees. An interested client contacts an agency by telephone and offers a description of what kind of escort they are looking for. The agency will then suggest an employee who might fit that client's need. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1536x2048, 486 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Prostitution Call girl Telephone booth Calling card ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1536x2048, 486 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Prostitution Call girl Telephone booth Calling card ... Tart cards are cards found in phone booths in London (especially) and in certain places elsewhere in the United Kingdom that advertise the services of call girls. ... A classic UK red telephone box. ... A call girl is a prostitute who is not visible to the general public, like a street walker, and who does not usually belong to an institution like a brothel. ... A call girl is a prostitute who is not visible to the general public, like a street walker, and who does not usually belong to an institution like a brothel. ... For the use in computing, see Yellow Pages (computing). ...


The agency collects the client's contact information and calls the escort. Usually, to protect the identity of the escort and ensure effective communication with the client, the agency arranges the appointment. Sometimes it may be up to the escort to contact the client directly to make arrangements for location and time of an appointment. If the agency does not supply transport to and from the client, the escort is also expected to call the agency upon arrival at the location and again upon leaving to assure his or her safe completion of the booking.


The purpose of discretion is to attempt to protect the escort agency (to some degree) from prosecution for breaking the law. If the employee is solely responsible for arranging any illegal aspects of their professional encounter the agency could try to maintain plausible deniability should an arrest be made. However in practice, the use of undercover police evidence or the use of links to reviews of the agencies escorts usually results in this failing. For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ... Plausible deniability also Deniability is the term given to the creation of loose and informal chains of command in government, which allow controversial instructions given by high-ranking officials to be denied if they become public. ... For other uses, see Arrest (disambiguation). ...


Typically, an agency will charge their escorts either a flat fee for each client connection or a percentage of the prearranged rate. In San Francisco, it is usual for typical heterosexual-market agencies to negotiate for as little as $100, up to a full 50 percent of an escort's reported earnings (not counting any gratuity received). If they work independently doing either incalls or outcalls, prices can range from $200 to over $5,000 for more exclusive services. Most transactions occur in cash, and optional tipping of escorts by clients in most major US cities is customary but not compulsory. Credit card processing offered by larger scale agencies is often available for a service charge.


Independent escorts, also known as providers, have differing fees depending on many factors. For example; different seasons bring about different costs (and differing levels of demand), as do regular and semi-regular customers. Some may charge by the hour, half hour or even in 15 minute blocks. Time extensions (if offered or requested) are usually priced at the same rate as the original booking. Some escorts pay another individual to act as their personal security, thus providing a level of protection to themselves from violent or abusive clients.


An escort who works less often may be able to command a premium for his or her exclusivity. One who sees several clients each day may charge less, but earn more in the end. Independent escorts might see clients for extended meetings involving dinner or social activities, whereas escorts who work through agencies generally provide only sexual services.


Whilst the vast majority of escort agencies are sex related, there are some non-sexual escort agencies, where escorts provide companionship for business and social occasions.


Sex tourism

Main article: Sex tourism
See also: Cuban Jineteras, Sexual relations between Lao and foreigners and Female sex tourism

Sex tourism is travelling for sexual intercourse with prostitutes or to engage in other sexual activity. The World Tourism Organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations defines sex tourism as "trips organized from within the tourism sector, or from outside this sector but using its structures and networks, with the primary purpose of effecting a commercial sexual relationship by the tourist with residents at the destination".[3] Sex tourism is travel to engage in sexual intercourse or sexual activity with prostitutes, and is typically undertaken internationally by tourists from wealthier countries. ... In translation, this means being a horse jockey. ... The term tourist apartheid was coined in the early 1990s after Cuba first opened up to foreign tourists. ... Female sex tourism is travel by women, partially or fully for the purpose of having sex. ... Sex tourism is travel to engage in sexual intercourse or sexual activity with prostitutes, and is typically undertaken internationally by tourists from wealthier countries. ... It has been suggested that Duration of sexual intercourse be merged into this article or section. ... World Tourism Organization Building in Madrid The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is a United Nations agency dealing with questions relating to tourism. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ...


Often the term "sex tourism" is mistakenly interchanged with the term "child sex tourism". As opposed to regular sex tourism, a tourist who has sex with a child prostitute possibly commits a crime against international law, in addition to the host country, and the country that the tourist is a citizen of. The term "child" is often used as defined by international law and refers to any person below the age of consent. Prostitution of children refers to the use of children as prostitutes. ... Age of consent laws Worldwide While the phrase age of consent typically does not appear in legal statutes,[1] when used with reference to criminal law the age of consent is the minimum age at which a person is considered to be capable of legally giving informed consent to any...


Prostitution and the Internet

Some prostitutes use the Internet to find customers.[4] A prostitute may use adult boards or create a website of their own with contact details, such as email addresses.


Socio-economic and legal status

Legality

Prostitutes working in their vans in Lyon, France. This form of prostitution is often referred to as "BMC".

At one end of the legal spectrum, prostitution carries the death penalty for third-time offenders in the Sudan;[5] at the other end, prostitutes are tax-paying unionised professionals in the Netherlands and brothels are legal and advertising businesses there (however, prostitutes must be at least 18, while the age of consent is 16 in other contexts). The legal situation in Germany, Switzerland (where the issue of legal age is a source of avid dispute, some insisting that one can legally be a prostitute as of one's sixteenth birthday, other maintaining it is eighteen), and New Zealand is similar to that in the Netherlands (see prostitution in the Netherlands, prostitution in Germany and prostitution in New Zealand). In the Australian state of New South Wales, any person over the age of 18 may offer to provide sexual services in return for money. In Victoria, a person who wishes to run a prostitution business must have a licence. Prostitutes working for themselves in their own business, as prostitutes in the business, must be registered. Individual sex workers are not required to be registered or licensed. In some countries the legal status of prostitution may vary depending on the activity; in Japan, for example, vaginal prostitution is against the law while fellatio prostitution is legal, as women who perform fellatio for money are not considered prostitutes in Japan.[citation needed] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 1. ... This article is about the French city. ... A Bordels Mobiles de Campagne or Bordel Militaire de Campagne (both abbreviated to BMC) is a French term for a mobile brothel used to supply prostitution services to French soldiers facing combat in areas where brothels were unusual, such as at the front line or in isolated garrisons during the... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ... A trade union or labor union is an organization of workers. ... Age of consent laws Worldwide While the phrase age of consent typically does not appear in legal statutes,[1] when used with reference to criminal law the age of consent is the minimum age at which a person is considered to be capable of legally giving informed consent to any... Prostitution in the Netherlands is legal and common. ... A prostitute in Germany, 1999 Prostitution in Germany is legal and widespread. ... Currently prostitution and brothel keeping are legal in New Zealand, provided the prostitute is 18 or over. ... “NSW” redirects here. ... “VIC” redirects here. ... Oral sex consists of all sexual activities that involve the use of the mouth, which may include use of the tongue, teeth, and throat, to stimulate genitalia. ...


In Turkey, street prostitution is illegal. Prostitution through government regulated brothels is legal. All brothels must have a license, and all sex workers working in brothels must be licensed as well. Municipality based "Commissions for the struggle against venereal diseases and prostitution" are in charge of issuing such licenses.


In the United Kingdom, prostitution is not formally illegal, but several activities surrounding it are outlawed. In England and Wales, the legal situation is:

  • for a prostitute to loiter or conduct solicitation in a street or public place is illegal, therefore outlawing street prostitution.
  • it is also illegal for a potential client to solicit persistently, or solicit from a motor vehicle ("kerb crawling").
  • owning or running a brothel is illegal.
  • child prostitution is specifically illegal for the person paying (where 'child' is defined as younger than 18, although the age of consent is 16)
  • controlling prostitution for gain is an offence, banning pimping.

There has been long and widespread debate as to whether the a toleration of prostitution similar to that seen in the Netherlands and Germany should be extended. Local police forces have historically flipped between zero tolerance of prostitution and unofficial red light districts.


The Government announced on January 17, 2006, that in England and Wales it was considering allowing small brothels, whilst continuing the crackdown against kerb-crawling, which is seen as a nuisance. [1] A similar situation exists in Scotland, with prostitution itself not illegal but associated activities are. A Prostitution Tolerance Zones Bill was introduced into the Scottish Parliament but failed to become law. is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


In all but two U.S. states, the buying and selling of sexual services is illegal and usually classified as a misdemeanor. Regulated brothels are legal in several counties of Nevada (see prostitution in Nevada). In Rhode Island, the act of sex for money is not illegal, but street solicitation and operating a brothel are. The police departments in Canton, New Castle County, Peoria, Wichita, Arlington, and St.Paul post the photos of prostitutes and their clients on their websites. Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... A misdemeanor, or misdemeanour, in many common law legal systems, is a lesser criminal act. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Nevada. ... Typical newspaper boxes commonly filled with free flyers solely advertising escorts on Las Vegas Blvd, although prostitution itself is illegal in Las Vegas and Clark county. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Peoria is the name of the Peoria tribe of Native Americans and the name of a number of places in the United States of America: Peoria, Arizona Peoria, Illinois Peoria County, Illinois Peoria, Oregon This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise... Wichita is the name of: Wichita (tribe), a Native American tribe Wichita language, the language of the tribe Wichita (film), a 1955 American Western movie directed by Jacques Tourneur Wichita Recordings, a London based independent record label A song by the band Soul Coughing A font replicating the hand writing... Arlington is a city in Tarrant County, Texas (USA) within the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan area. ...


In Canada, prostitution itself is legal, but most other activities around it are not. It is illegal to live "off the avails" of prostitution (this law is intended to outlaw pimping) and it is illegal (for both parties) to negotiate a sex-for-money deal in a public place (which includes bars). To maintain a veneer of legality, escort agencies arrange a meeting between the escort and the client. A Canadian Supreme Court ruling in 1978 required that to be convicted of soliciting, a prostitute's activities must be "pressing and persistent". Similarly, in Bulgaria prostitution itself is legal, but most activities around it (such as pimping) are outlawed.


Rules vary as to which roles in prostitution are illegal: being a prostitute, being a client, or being a pimp. In Sweden it is legal to sell sex, but pimping is illegal, and so is the purchase of sexual services since 1999.[clarify] Prostitutes are generally viewed by the government as oppressed, while their clients are viewed as oppressors.[citation needed] Norway has the same laws as Sweden, except that it's not illegal to buy sex. This situation is liable to change within a year or so, however, as the delegates at the 2007 annual meeting of the Labour Party, Norway's largest, and part of the 2005–2009 coalition government, voted in favour of banning the purchase of sexual services. The Norwegian Labour Party (Det norske Arbeiderpartiet, DNA or Arbeiderpartiet, AP) is a social democratic political party in Norway. ...


In the Netherlands, the purchase of sexual services from prostitutes under 18 years of age, or pimping in such instances, is illegal. The offering of services by prostitutes under 18 years of age is not illegal, unless the client is also underage (under 16). In most countries with criminalized prostitution, prostitutes are arrested and prosecuted at a far higher rate than their clients.


In Brazil and Costa Rica prostitution per se is legal, but taking advantage of or profiting from the prostitution of others is illegal.


Prostitution is legal for citizens in Denmark, but it is illegal to profit from the prostitution of others (which outlaws pimping and sex slavery) [citation needed]. Prostitution is not regulated as in the Netherlands; instead, the government attempts through social services to bring people out of prostitution into other careers, and attempts to lessen the amount of criminal activity and other problems associated with prostitution.


In Thailand, prostitution is illegal as stated in the Prevention and Suppression Act of B.E. 2539 (=1996)[6]


In Hong Kong, prostitution is legal so long as it is done in private, but brothels are illegal as is any third-party profit from prostitution (pimping). However in practice much of the prostitution is controlled by triad societies or as informal additions to otherwise nonsexual services such as massage parlors, bars and karaoke establishments. Among the many forms of prostitution common in Hong Kong are "one for one" girls. To avoid the operation of an illegal brothel, triads will rent tiny apartments and allow girls to "sublet" them so they appear to be operating out of their own homes. The triads then advertise the girls' services on web sites or in local publications. Another avoidance strategy is to operate a karaoke establishment and provide girls as entertainment or companionship only; the girls then take customers to an hourly hotel in the same building and pay for the room separately. Informal, individual prostitution (mostly of Filipinas, Indonesians, Thais, and sometimes women from Latin America and the former Soviet Union) is almost always available at discos or hotel bars, especially in the Tsim Sha Tsui and Wan Chai districts (the latter famous as the setting for The World of Suzie Wong. Occasionally the police raid the triad-run prostitution setups, but usually the only arrests made are for immigration violations. Women frequently enter Hong Kong from mainland China for prostitution services. However, this travel is not forcible; most women working as prostitutes in Hong Kong are of age and are doing so voluntarily. Triad (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; literally Triad Society) or (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; literally Black Society, a general term for criminal organizations) is a term that describes many branches of Chinese underground society and/or organizations based in Hong Kong and Macau and also operating in Taiwan, mainland... It has been suggested that Karaoke clubs in Sri Lanka be merged into this article or section. ... The Clock Tower in Tsim Sha Tsui is a famous landmark of Hong Kong. ... See Wan Chai District for the broader administrative district that covers Wan Chai, Causeway Bay, Happy Valley, etc. ... The World of Suzie Wong is a 1957 novel written by Richard Mason, which has since been adapted into both a play and a film. ...


Establishments engaged in sexual slavery or owned by organized crime are the highest priority targets of law enforcement actions against prostitution. Police also frequently intervene when prompted by local resident complaints, often directed against street prostitution. In most countries where prostitution is illegal, at least some forms of it are tolerated. This ambiguous status allows the police to extort money or services, particularly information on criminal activities that prostitutes are often well-placed to obtain, from prostitutes in exchange for "looking the other way".

1941 Las Vegas hotel sign
1941 Las Vegas hotel sign

Pimping is a sex crime in almost all jurisdictions. Some other countries retain the ill-defined offence of "living off the proceeds of the prostitution of others", one of the prima facie evidences of which is co-habiting with a prostitute. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2304x1728, 1286 KB) Summary Description: A sign asking prostitutes to find customers discreetly. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2304x1728, 1286 KB) Summary Description: A sign asking prostitutes to find customers discreetly. ... Sex crimes are forms of human sexual behavior that are crimes. ... Look up prima facie in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


In 1949, the UN General Assembly adopted a convention stating that forced prostitution is incompatible with human dignity, requiring all signing parties to punish pimps and brothel owners and operators and to abolish all special treatment or registration of prostitutes. The convention was ratified by 89 countries but Germany, the Netherlands and the United States did not participate. United Nations General Assembly The United Nations General Assembly is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. ... The Suppression of the traffic in persons and of the exploitation of the prostitution of others resolution declares that the enslavement of women and children subjected to prostitution is incompatible with the dignity and fundamental rights of the human person. ...


Some municipalities in the Netherlands would like a "zero tolerance policy" for brothels, i.e. not allow any, on moral grounds, but by law this is not possible. However, regulations, including restrictions in number and location are common. Whether a zero policy on urban planning grounds is allowed is still unclear. Urban planning is concerned with the ordering and design of settlements, from the smallest towns to the worlds largest cities. ...


Advertising

A number of stickers affixed to a pay phone in Sao Paulo.
A number of stickers affixed to a pay phone in Sao Paulo.

In countries where prostitution is legal, advertising it may be legal (as in the Netherlands) or illegal (as in Germany). In countries where prostitution is illegal, advertising it is usually also illegal. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3072 × 2304 pixel, file size: 4. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3072 × 2304 pixel, file size: 4. ... Payphone A payphone or pay phone is a public telephone, with payment by inserting money (usually coins) or a debit card (a special telephone card or a multi-purpose card) or credit card before a call is made. ... This article is about the Brazilian state, São Paulo. ...


Covert advertising for prostitution can take a number of forms:

  • by cards in newsagents' windows
  • by cards placed in public telephone enclosures: so-called tart cards
  • by euphemistic advertisements in regular magazines and newspapers (for instance, talking of "massages" or "relaxation")
  • in specialist contact magazines
  • via the internet
  • in public bathroom stalls (i.e. "for a good time call...")

In Las Vegas prostitution is often promoted overtly on The Las Vegas Strip by third party workers distributing risqué flyers with the pictures and phone numbers of prostitutes. Prostitution is illegal in Clark County[7] where Las Vegas is located. Tart cards are cards found in phone booths in London (especially) and in certain places elsewhere in the United Kingdom that advertise the services of call girls. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A typical American bathroom A bathroom is a room that may have different functions depending on the cultural context. ... The Las Vegas metropolitan area, includes the Las Vegas Valley a 600 square mile (1600 km²) basin, and surrounding areas, that are part of Clark County in southern Nevada. ... The south end of The Strip; approximately one third of the entire Strip is represented here. ... Clark County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nevada. ...


Regulated

A Dutch prostitute speaks with a passerby.
A Dutch prostitute speaks with a passerby.

In some jurisdictions, such as Nevada (see prostitution in Nevada), Switzerland and in four Australian states or territories (Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Queensland and the Northern Territory), prostitution is legal but heavily regulated. This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Typical newspaper boxes commonly filled with free flyers solely advertising escorts on Las Vegas Blvd, although prostitution itself is illegal in Las Vegas and Clark county. ... Capital Canberra Government Constitutional monarchy Administrator none Chief Minister Jon Stanhope (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 2  - Senate seats 2 Gross Territorial Product (2006)  - Product ($m)  $19,167 (6th)  - Product per capita  $57,303/person (1st) Population (End of November 2006)  - Population  333,667 (7th)  - Density  137. ... Motto: Peace and Prosperity Other Australian states and territories Capital Melbourne Governor HE Mr John Landy Premier Steve Bracks (ALP) Area 237,629 km² (6th)  - Land 227,416 km²  - Water 10,213 km² (4. ... Slogan or Nickname: Sunshine State, Smart State Motto(s): Audax at Fidelis (Bold but Faithful) Other Australian states and territories Capital Brisbane Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Quentin Bryce Premier Anna Bligh (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 28  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $158,506 (3rd... Slogan or Nickname: The Territory, The NT, The Top End Motto(s): none Other Australian states and territories Capital Darwin Government Constitutional monarchy Administrator Ted Egan Chief Minister Clare Martin (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 2  - Senate seats 2 Gross Territorial Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $10,418 (8th)  - Product...


Such approaches are often, but not always taken with the stance that prostitution is impossible to eliminate and thus these societies have chosen to regulate it in ways that reduce the more undesirable aspects. Goals of such regulations include controlling sexually transmitted disease, reducing sexual slavery, controlling where brothels may operate and dissociating prostitution from crime syndicates. A sexually transmitted infection (STI) is an illness caused by an infectious pathogen that has a significant probability of transmission between humans by means of sexual contact, including vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex. ... Sexual slavery is a special case of slavery which includes various different practices: forced prostitution single-owner sexual slavery ritual slavery, sometimes associated with traditional religious practices slavery for primarily non-sexual purposes where sex is common or permissible In general, the nature of slavery means that the slave is...


The Dutch legalisation of prostitution has similar objectives, as well as improving health and working conditions for the women and weakening the link between prostitution and criminality.


Daily Planet is a brothel in Melbourne, Australia whose shares were listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in 2003, before listing difficulties - investors were asked to undergo police checks before buying shares - forced the listed company to divest the brothel back into private ownership (the company remained listed and continues its other business interests). There are various regulatory regimes governing prostitution in Australia and a level of increasing professionalism is being seen in the industry with the establishment of business associations like the Queensland Adult Business Association[8] that ascribe to a strict ethical code which entrenches the independence of service providers. Daily Planet is a property trust which briefly made headlines on its initial public offering in 2003. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) is the primary stock exchange in Australia. ...


Of children

An 1871 photograph of a pregnant prostitute approximately 11-years old.
An 1871 photograph of a pregnant prostitute approximately 11-years old.

Regarding the prostitution of children the laws on prostitution as well as those on sex with a child apply. If prostitution in general is legal there is usually a minimum age requirement for legal prostitution that is higher than the general age of consent (see above for some examples). Although some countries do not single out patronage of child prostitution as a separate crime, same act is punishable as sex with an underage. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 413 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (871 × 1264 pixel, file size: 730 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Taken from the Book: Graham Ovenden, Robert Melville: Victorian Children, London 1972 anon. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 413 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (871 × 1264 pixel, file size: 730 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Taken from the Book: Graham Ovenden, Robert Melville: Victorian Children, London 1972 anon. ... Prostitution of children refers to the use of children as prostitutes. ... Prostitution of children refers to the use of children as prostitutes. ... Age of consent laws Worldwide While the phrase age of consent typically does not appear in legal statutes,[1] when used with reference to criminal law the age of consent is the minimum age at which a person is considered to be capable of legally giving informed consent to any...


Some pedophiles travel to other countries to have access to sex with children, which is unavailable in their home country. Cambodia has become a notorious destination for these pedophiles.[citation needed] Several western countries have recently enacted laws with extraterritorial reach punishing citizens who engage in sex with minors in other countries. As the crime usually goes undiscovered, these laws are rarely enforced.[9][10][11] Pedophilia or pædophilia (see spelling differences) is a mental state in which an adult has a preferential sexual attraction to prepubescent and in some definitions, preadolescent children. ...


In illegal immigration

A difficulty facing migrant prostitutes in many developed countries is the illegal residence status of some of these women. They face potential deportation, and so do not have recourse to the law. Hence there are brothels that may not adhere to the usual legal standards intended to safeguard public health and the safety of the workers.


Violence against prostitutes

Prostitutes are at risk of violent crime,[12] as well as possibly at higher risk of occupational mortality than any other group of women ever studied. For example, the homicide rate for female prostitutes was estimated to be 204 per 100,000 (Potterat et al, 2004), which is sometimes higher than that for the next riskiest occupations in the United States during a similar period (4 per 100,000 for female liquor store workers and 29 per 100,000 for male taxicab drivers) (Castillo et al., 1994). However, there are substantial differences in rates of victimization between street prostitutes and indoor prostitutes who work as escorts, call girls, or in brothels and massage parlors (Weitzer 2000, 2005). Perpetrators include violent clients, pimps, and corrupt law-enforcement officers. Prostitutes (particularly those engaging in street prostitution) are also sometimes the targets of serial killers, who may consider them easy targets, or use the religious and social stigma associated with prostitutes as justification for their murder. Being criminals in most jurisdictions, prostitutes are less likely than the law-abiding to be looked for by police if they disappear, making them favored targets of predators. The unidentified serial killer (or killers) known as Jack the Ripper is said to have killed at least five prostitutes in London in 1888. More recently, Robert Pickton, a Canadian who lived near Vancouver, made headlines after the remains of several missing prostitutes were found buried on his farm. He now stands charged with the murder of 26 Vancouver area women, and is suspected by police of killing at least four more (though no charges have been laid). As of December 2006, a serial killer of prostitutes appears to be active in Ipswich, England (see 2006 Ipswich murder investigation). A violent crime or crime of violence is a crime in which the offender uses or threatens violent force upon the victim. ... Street prostitution is a common scenario for prostitution. ... Serial killers are individuals who have a history of multiple slayings of victims who were usually unknown to them beforehand. ... Jack the Ripper is the pseudonym given to an unidentified serial killer active in the largely impoverished Whitechapel area of London, England in the second half of 1888. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Robert William (Willie) Pickton (b. ... Timber framed buildings in St Nicholas Street The Ancient House is decorated with a particularly fine example of pargeting Ipswich (pronounced ) is the county town of Suffolk and a non-metropolitan district in East Anglia, England on the estuary of the River Orwell. ... The bodies of victims were found at various locations around Ipswich. ...


Human trafficking and sexual slavery

Statue of a young girl caught in the "white slavery", as prostitution was known in the 19th-century.
Statue of a young girl caught in the "white slavery", as prostitution was known in the 19th-century.

During World War II, women and girls were kidnapped and enslaved by the Imperial Japanese military and forced to work as unpaid prostitutes (see Comfort women). The trafficking of human beings is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of people for the purpose of exploitation. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 509 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (926 × 1090 pixel, file size: 105 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 509 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (926 × 1090 pixel, file size: 105 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Comfort women ) or military comfort women ) is a euphemism for the up to 200,000 women who served in the Japanese armys brothels during World War II. Historians and researchers into the subject have stated that the majority were from Korea, China and other occupied territories and were recruited...


Human trafficking is the fastest growing form of modern day slavery[13] and is the third largest and fastest growing criminal industry in the world.[14]


Poverty, social exclusion and war are at the heart of human trafficking. Many women are hoodwinked into believing promises of a better life, sometimes by people who are known and trusted to them. Traffickers may own legitimate travel agencies, modeling agencies and employment offices in order to gain women's trust. Others are simply kidnapped. Once overseas it is common for their passport to be confiscated by the trafficker and to be warned of the consequences should they attempt to escape, including beatings, rape, threats of violence against their family and death threats. It is common, particularly in Eastern Europe, that should they manage to return to their families they will only be trafficked once again.


Due to the illegal and underground nature of sex trafficking, the exact extent of women and children forced into prostitution is unknown. The International Labour Organization in 2005 estimated at least 2.4 million people have been trafficked.[13]


Thousands of children are sold into the global sex trade every year. Often they are kidnapped or orphaned, and sometimes they are actually sold by their own families. According to the International Labour Organization, the problem is especially alarming in Thailand, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Cambodia, Nepal and India.[15]


In May 2005 the Council of Europe Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings opened for signature. Since then over 30 countries have signed the Convention and four countries have ratified it. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has produced a Toolkit to Combat Trafficking in Persons.[16]


Globally, forced labour generates $31bn, half of it in the industrialised world, a tenth in transition countries, the International Labour Organization says in a report on forced labour ("A global alliance against forced labour", ILO, 11 May 2005). Trafficking in people has been facilitated by porous borders and advanced communication technologies, it has become increasingly transnational in scope and highly lucrative within its barbarity. The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues. ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


In some countries[weasel words] counselling, accommodation, specialist care exists for trafficked people to help them escape, whilst in other countries, this support is lacking.


Medical situation

Prostitution has often been associated with the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as HIV. Although people working as prostitutes are not regularly studied as a group by the CDC or other recognized institutions, what little has been done on the subject suggests that women in prostitution have either HIV rates similar to the population or lower [reference needed]. Nevertheless, needle-sharing injection drug users in prostitution or not carry very high rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV compared to the general population. Studies in the USA on non-intravenous drug using prostitutes are few, although studies in urban settings of prostitution in developing countries have shown a striking burden of STD's, which acts as a reservoir of STD's within the general population [1]. Sexually-transmitted infections (STIs), also known as sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs), are diseases that are commonly transmitted between partners through some form of sexual activity, most commonly vaginal intercourse, oral sex, or anal sex. ... Species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections). ...


Typical responses to the problem are:

  • banning prostitution completely
  • introducing a system of registration for prostitutes that mandates health checks and other public health measures
  • educating prostitutes and their clients to encourage the use of barrier contraception and greater interaction with health care

Some think that the first two measures are counter-productive. Banning prostitution tends to drive it underground, making treatment and monitoring more difficult. Registering prostitutes makes the state complicit in prostitution and does not address the health risks of unregistered prostitutes. Both of the last two measures can be viewed as harm reduction policies. Harm reduction is a philosophy of public health, intended to be a progressive alternative to the prohibition of certain potentially dangerous lifestyle choices. ...


In Australia where sex-work is largely legal, and registration of sex-work is not practiced, education campaigns have been extremely successful and the non-intravenous drug user (non-IDU) sex workers are among the lower HIV-risk communities in the nation. In part, this is probably due both to the legality of sex-work, and to the heavy general emphasis on education in regard to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Safer sex is heavily promoted as the major means of STI reduction in Australia, and sex education generally is at a high level. Sex-worker organisations regularly visit brothels and home workers, providing free condoms and lubricant, health information, and other forms of support.


The encouragement of safer sex practices, combined with regular testing for sexually transmitted diseases, has been very successful when applied consistently. Prostitution appears to have little effect as a vector of STDs when safer sex practices are applied consistently. However, in countries and areas where safer sex precautions are either unavailable or not practiced for cultural reasons, prostitution appears to be a very active disease vector for all STDs, including HIV/AIDS. Safe sex (also called safer sex) is a term describing practices designed to reduce the risk of sustaining or imparting sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) (also known as sexually-transmitted diseases or STDs in the US). ... Species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections). ...


Occurrence

A political cartoon from 1787 jesting about the notion of taxation affecting prostitutes.
A political cartoon from 1787 jesting about the notion of taxation affecting prostitutes.

According to the paper "Estimating the prevalence and career longevity of prostitute women" (Potterat et al., 1990), the number of full-time equivalent prostitutes in a typical area in the United States (Colorado Springs, CO, during 1970–1988) is estimated at 23 per 100,000 population (0.023%), of which fraction some 4% were under 18. The length of these prostitutes' working careers was estimated at a mean of 5 years. A follow-up paper entitled "Prostitution and the sex discrepancy in reported number of sexual partners" (Brewer et al., 2000) goes on to estimate a mean number of 868 male sexual partners per prostitute per year of active sex work, and offers the conclusion that men's self-reporting of prostitutes as sexual partners is seriously under-reported. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 451 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1955 × 2597 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 451 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1955 × 2597 pixel, file size: 1. ...


A 1994 study found that 16 percent of 18 to 59-year-old men in a U.S. survey group had paid for sex (Gagnon, Laumann, and Kolata 1994).


A number of reports over the last few decades have suggested that prostitution levels have fallen in sexually liberal countries, most likely because of the increased availability of non-commercial, non-marital sex.[17]


Politics

Legal issues

Roughly speaking, the possible attitudes are:

  • abolition: "prostitution should be made to disappear"
    • "prostitution is immoral and prostitutes and their clients should be prosecuted": the prevailing attitude in much of the United States with a few exceptions like Nevada.
    • "prostitution is a sad reality of exploitation of the prostitutes, especially women, but prostitutes should not be criminalized", the current situation in Turkey.
      • "the clients of prostitutes exploit the prostitutes": prostitutes are not prosecuted, but their clients and pimps are, which is the current situation in Sweden, and most likely will also be the situation in Norway from sometime in 2008 onwards.
      • prostitution is legal, but discouraged, while pimping is prohibited, the current situation in the United Kingdom and France among others;
  • regulation: prostitution may be considered a legitimate business; prostitution and the employment of prostitutes are legal, but regulated (with respect to health etc. concerns); the current situation in the Netherlands, Germany and parts of Nevada.
  • legalization: "prostitution is a victimless crime, and should be made completely legal so that it is no longer an underground activity, allowing the normal checks and balances of society and existing laws to apply"
  • decriminalization: "prostitution is labor like any other. Sex industry premises should not be subject to any special regulation or laws" such as in Australia and New Zealand. Proponents of this view often cite instances of government regulation under legalization that they consider intrusive, demeaning, or violent, but feel that criminalization adversely affects sex workers.

In some countries, there is controversy regarding the laws applicable to sex work. For instance, the legal stance of punishing pimping while keeping sex work legal but "underground" and risky is often denounced as hypocritical; opponents suggest either going the full abolition route and criminalize clients or making sex work a regulated business. Abolition is the act of formally destroying something through legal means, either by making it illegal, or simply no longer allowing it to exist in any form. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Nevada. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Nevada. ... Legalization is the process of removing a legal prohibition against something which is currently illegal. ... Victimless crime has the following applications: A victimless crime is one in which the victim is the accused. ... Decriminalization is the reduction or abolition of criminal penalties in relation to certain acts. ...

Prostitution Information Centre, in Amsterdam.
Prostitution Information Centre, in Amsterdam.

Many countries have sex worker advocacy groups which lobby against criminalization and discrimination of prostitutes. These groups generally oppose Nevada-style regulation and oversight, stating that prostitution should be treated like other professions. In the United States of America, one such group is COYOTE (an abbreviation for "Call Off Your Old Tired Ethics") and another is the North American Task Force on Prostitution.[18] In Australia the lead sex worker rights organisation is Scarlet Alliance.[19] International prostitutes' rights organizations include the International Committee for Prostitute's Rights[20] and the Network of Sex Work Projects.[21] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Coyote (disambiguation). ...


Other groups, often with religious backgrounds, focus on offering women a way out of the world of prostitution while not taking a position on the legal question.


Criminal behavior

In areas where prostitution is illegal, sex workers are commonly charged with crimes ranging from pandering to tax evasion. Their clients can be charged with solicitation of prostitution. Prosecution for various other sex crimes can be sought against the client and pimps depending on such things as the age of the prostitute and the nature of the act performed. This article contrasts tax evasion, tax avoidance, tax resistance and tax mitigation. ... Solicitation is a crime; it is an inchoate offense that consists of a person inciting, counseling, advising, urging, or commanding another to commit a crime with the specific intent that the person solicited commit the crime. ... Sex crimes are forms of human sexual behavior that are crimes. ...


Feminism

Since most prostitutes are women, prostitution is a significant issue in feminist thought and activism. Some feminists argue that the act of selling sex need not inherently be exploitative, but that attempts to abolish prostitution - and the attitudes that lead to such attempts - lead to an abusive climate for sex workers that must be changed. In the new discourse, the redefinition of prostitution as "sex work" saw the development of the sex worker activism movement, comprising organisations such as the Australian Prostitutes Collective and COYOTE. Feminists redirects here. ... For other uses, see Coyote (disambiguation). ...


Feminists who believe that prostitution is inherently exploitative, such as authors like Andrea Dworkin, herself an ex-prostitute, argued in the 1980s that commercial sex is a form of rape enforced by poverty (and often overt violence by pimps). Proponents reject the idea that prostitution can be reformed. These feminists believe that the assumptions that women exist for men's sexual enjoyment, that all men "need" sex, or that the bodily integrity and sexual pleasure of women is irrelevant underlie the whole idea of prostitution, and make it an inherently exploitative, sexist practice. One feminist argument against Dworkin's position is that prostitution, insofar as it colludes with the perception of an inherent 'need' on the part of men for sexual release, is exploiting men more than it exploits women. Andrea Dworkin speaking to a federal commission on pornography in New York in January 1986 Andrea Rita Dworkin (September 26, 1946 – April 9, 2005) was an American radical feminist and writer best known for her criticism of pornography, which she linked with rape and other forms of violence against women. ...


Sweden's 1999 law forbidding the purchase (but not sale) of sex was a natural extension of this view. Many prostitutes in Sweden have decried the laws targeting clients, as they say the laws just drive the industry further underground and reduce sex workers' incomes without providing greater safety.


Some jurisdictions have responded to sex worker activism by decriminalising prostitution. The rationale for these legal reforms has been to extend to sex workers the same health and safety standards that apply to other professions involving close bodily contact, for example dentistry, nursing or hairdressing.


History

Image File history File links Gnome-globe. ...

Mesoamerica

Among the Aztecs, the Cihuacalli was the name given to those controlled buildings where prostitution was permitted by political and religious authorities. "Cihuacalli" is a Nahuatl word which means "House of Women". The word Aztec is usually used as a historical term, although some contemporary Nahuatl speakers would consider themselves Aztecs. ...


The Cihuacalli was a closed compound with rooms, all of which were looking to a central patio. At the center of the patio was a statue of Tlazolteotl, the goddess of "filth". Religious authorities believed women should work as prostitutes, if they wish, only at such premices guarded by Tlazolteotl. It was believed Tlazolteotl had the power to incite sexual activity, and at the same time do spiritual cleansing of such acts. In Aztec mythology, Tlazolteotl was an earth, sex, childbirth and a mother goddess. ...


There are stories that also refer to certain places, either inside the Cihuacalli or outside, where women would perform erotic dance in front of men. The poet Tlaltecatzin of Cuauhchinanco noted that special "Joyful Women" would perform erotic dances at certain homes outside of the compound.


Near East

One of the first forms is sacred prostitution, supposedly practiced among the Sumerians. In ancient sources (Herodotus, Thucydides) there are many traces of sacred prostitution, starting perhaps with Babylon, where each woman had to reach, once in their lives, the sanctuary of Militta (Aphrodite or Nana/Anahita) and there have sex with a foreigner as a sign of hospitality for a symbolic price. Religious prostitution, the vulgar epithet for hieros gamos, is the practice of having religiously motivated sexual relationships. ... Sumer (or Shumer, Sumeria, Shinar, native ki-en-gir) formed the southern part of Mesopotamia from the time of settlement by the Sumerians until the time of Babylonia. ... Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: Hērodotos Halikarnāsseus) was a Greek historian from Ionia who lived in the 5th century BC (ca. ... Bust of Thucydides residing in the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto. ... For other uses, see Babylon (disambiguation). ... The Birth of Venus, (detail) by Sandro Botticelli, 1485 For other uses, see Aphrodite (disambiguation). ...


Prostitution was common in ancient Israel, despite being tacitly forbidden by Jewish Law. Within the religion of Canaan, a significant portion of temple prostitutes were male. It was widely used in Sardinia and in some of the Phoenician cultures, usually in honour of the goddess ‘Ashtart. Presumably under the influence of the Phoenicians,[citation needed] this practice was developed in other ports of the Mediterranean Sea, such as Erice (Sicily), Locri Epizephiri, Croton, Rossano Vaglio, and Sicca Veneria. Other hypotheses[citation needed] include Asia Minor, Lydia, Syria and the Etruscans. The Kingdom of Israel (Hebrew מַלְכוּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard Hebrew Malḫut Yisraʾel, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ Yiśrāʾēl) according to the Bible, was the nation... Halakha (הלכה in Hebrew or Halakhah, Halacha, Halachah) is the collective corpus of Jewish law, custom and tradition regulating all aspects of behavior. ... // [[Image:]] Map of Canaan For other uses, see Canaan (disambiguation). ... For the place in the United States, see Sardinia, Ohio. ... Phoenicia (or Phenicia ,[1] from Biblical Phenice [1]) was an ancient civilization centered in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coast of modern day Lebanon and Syria. ... ‘Ashtart, commonly known as Astarte (also Hebrew or Phoenician עשתרת, Ugaritic ‘ttrt (also ‘Attart or ‘Athtart), Akkadian dAs_tar_tú (also Astartu), Greek Αστάρτη (Astártê)), was a major northwest_Semitic goddess, cognate in name, origin, and functions with... Composite satellite image of the Mediterranean Sea. ... Erice is a historical city in the mountains close to Trapani in Sicily, Italy. ... Sicily ( in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. ... Locri Epizephyri (epi-Zephyros, under the West wind; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was founded about 680 BC on the Italian shores of the Ionian Sea, near modern Capo Zefirio, by the Locrians, apparently by Opuntii (East Locrians) from the city of Opus, but including Ozolae (West... Crotone is a city in Calabria, southern Italy, on the Gulf of Taranto. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to... Lydia (Greek ) is a historic region of western Anatolia, congruent with Turkeys modern provinces of İzmir and Manisa. ...


In a story in the Bible, a prostitute in Jericho named Rahab assisted Israelite spies with her knowledge of the current socio-cultural and military situation due to her popularity with the high-ranking nobles she serviced, among others. The spies, in return for the information, promised to save her and her family during the planned military invasion as long as she fulfilled her part of the deal by keeping the details of the contact with them secret and leaving a sign on her residence that would be a marker for the advancing soldiers to avoid. When the people of Israel conquered Canaan, she left prostitution, converted to Judaism and married a prominent member of the people. This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library. ... The Taking of Jericho, by Jean Fouquet Near central Jericho, November 1996 Jericho (Arabic  , Hebrew  , ʼArīḥā; Standard YÉ™riḥo Tiberian YÉ™rîḫô / YÉ™rîḥô; meaning fragrant.[1] Greek Ἱεριχώ) is a town in Palestine, located within the Jericho Governorate, near the Jordan River. ... For the video game character from Legacy of Kain Series, see Rahab (Legacy of Kain). ...


Greece

Customer and a prostitute illustrated on an ancient Greek wine cup.
Customer and a prostitute illustrated on an ancient Greek wine cup.

In ancient Greek society, prostitution was engaged in by both women and boys. The Greek word for prostitute is porne, derived from the verb pernemi (to sell), with the evident modern evolution. Female prostitutes could be independent and sometimes influential women. They were required to wear distinctive dresses and had to pay taxes. Some similarities have been found between the Greek hetaera and the Japanese oiran, complex figures that are perhaps in an intermediate position between prostitution and courtisanerie. (See also the Indian tawaif.) Some prostitutes in ancient Greece, such as Lais were as famous for their company as their beauty, and some of these women charged extraordinary sums for their services. Image File history File linksMetadata Griechen31. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Griechen31. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... Kylix by Euergides (circa 500 BC) in the British Museum, London. ... Courtesan and her client, Attican Pelike with red figures by Polygnotus, c. ... Diverse women. ... In ancient Greece, hetaerae (in Greek , hetairai) were courtesans, that is to say, sophisticated companions and prostitutes. ... An ukiyo-e print of an Oiran Oiran ) were high-class courtesans in Japan. ... A courtesan is a person paid and/or supported for the giving of social companionship and intimate liaisons to one or more partners. ... Historically, a tawaif was a courtesan who catered to the Muslim nobility of South Asia, particularly during the Mughal era. ... Lais was a legendary prostitute or courtesan of ancient Greece who was active in Corinth. ... For beauty as a characteristic of a persons appearance, see Physical attractiveness. ...


Solon instituted the first of Athens' brothels (oik'iskoi) in the 6th century BC, and with the earnings of this business he built a temple dedicated to Aprodites Pandemo (or Qedesh), patron goddess of this commerce. Procuring, however, was severely forbidden. In Cyprus (Paphus) and in Corinth, a type of religious prostitution was practiced where the temple counted more than a thousand prostitutes (hierodules), according to Strabo. For other uses, see Solon (disambiguation). ... Temple of Apollo at Corinth Corinth, or Korinth (Κόρινθος) is a Greek city, on the Isthmus of Corinth, the original isthmus, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnesus to the mainland of Greece. ... The Greek geographer Strabo in a 16th century engraving. ...


Each specialised category had its proper name, so there were the chamaitypa'i, working outdoor (lie-down), the perepatetikes who met their customers while walking (and then worked in their houses), the gephyrides, who worked near the bridges. In the 5th century, Ateneo informs us that the price was of 1 obole, a sixth of a drachma and the equivalent of an ordinary worker's day salary. The rare pictures describe that sex was performed on beds with covers and pillows, while triclinia usually didn't have these accessories. It has been suggested that Duration of sexual intercourse be merged into this article or section. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...


Male prostitution was also common in Greece. It was usually practiced by adolescent boys, a reflection of the pederastic tastes of Greek men. Slave boys worked the male brothels in Athens, while free boys who sold their favors risked losing their political rights as adults. Pederastic courtship scene Athenian black-figure amphora, 5th c. ...


Rome

Roman hetaera, relief, around 2nd century—head is missing
Roman hetaera, relief, around 2nd century—head is missing

In ancient Rome, there were some commonalities with the Greek system; but as the Empire grew, prostitutes were often foreign slaves, captured, purchased, or raised for that purpose, sometimes by large-scale "prostitute farmers" who took abandoned children. Indeed, abandoned children were almost always raised as prostitutes.[22] Enslavement into prostitution was sometimes used as a legal punishment against criminal free women. Buyers were allowed to inspect naked men and women for sale in private and there was no stigma attached to the purchase of males by a male aristocrat. A large brothel found in Pompeii called the Lupanar attests to the widespread use of prostitutes in Rome around the turn of the century. Life expectancy for prostitutes was generally low, [citation needed] but some managed to get free and establish themselves e.g. as folk doctors. Like Greece, Roman prostitution was highly categorized, with titles for prostitutes and their places of trade including: Image File history File links Liegende_Hetäre. ... Image File history File links Liegende_Hetäre. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... In ancient Greece, hetaerae (in Greek , hetairai) were courtesans, that is to say, sophisticated companions and prostitutes. ... In the art of sculpture, a relief is an artwork where a modelled form projects out of a flat background. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... Slave redirects here. ... Child abandonment is the practice of abandoning offspring outside of legal adoption. ... For other uses, see Pompeii (disambiguation). ... World map of human life expectancy, 2005 Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average length of survival of a living thing. ...

Ælicariae, Amasiae, Amatrix, Ambubiae, Amica, Blitidae, Busturiae, Casuaria, Citharistriae, Copae, Cymbalistriae, Delicatae, Diobolares, Diversorium, Doris, Famosae, Forariae, Fornix, Gallinae, Lupae, Lupanaria, Meretrix, Mimae, Noctiluae, Nonariae, Pergulae, Proseda, Prostibula, Quadrantariae, Scorta erratica, Scortum, Stabulae, Tabernae, Tugurium, and Turturilla.

Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages prostitution was commonly found in urban contexts. Although all forms of sexual activity outside of marriage were regarded as sinful by the Roman Catholic Church, prostitution was tolerated because it was held to prevent the greater evils of rape, sodomy, and masturbation (MCCall, 1979). Augustine of Hippo held that: "If you expel prostitution from society, you will unsettle everything on account of lusts". The general tolerance of prostitution was for the most part reluctant, and many canonists urged prostitutes to reform. “Catholic Church” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Evil (disambiguation). ... François Elluin, Sodomites provoking the wrath of God, from Le pot pourri de Loth (1781). ... Woman masturbating, 1913 drawing by Gustav Klimt. ... “Augustinus” redirects here. ...


After the decline of organised prostitution of the Roman empire, many prostitutes were slaves. However, religious campaigns against slavery, and the growing marketisation of the economy, turned prostitution back into a business. By the High Middle Ages it is common to find town governments ruling that prostitutes were not to ply their trade within the town walls, but they were tolerated outside if only because these areas were beyond the jurisdiction of the authorities. In many areas of France and Germany town governments came to set aside certain streets as areas where prostitution could be tolerated. In London the brothels of Southwark were even owned by the Bishop of Winchester. (MCCall) Still later it became common in the major towns and cities of Southern Europe to establish civic brothels, whilst outlawing any prostitution taking place outside these brothels. In much of Northern Europe a more laissez faire attitude tended to be found.[23] Prostitutes also found a fruitful market in the Crusades. The cathedral Notre Dame de Paris, a significant architectural contribution of the High Middle Ages. ... The defensive wall of Braşov, Romania. ... For other places with the same name, see Southwark (disambiguation). ... Arms of the Bishop of Winchester The diocese of Winchester is one of the oldest and most important in England. ... Southern Europe is a region of the European continent. ... Northern Europe Northern Europe is the northern part of the European continent. ... Laissez-faire (IPA: ) is a French phrase meaning let it be (literally,Let do). From the French diction first used by the 18th century physiocrats as an injunction against government interference with trade, it became used as a synonym for strict free market economics during the early and mid-19th...


16th century

Köçek troupe at a fair. Recruited from the ranks of colonized ethnic groups, köçeks were entertainers and sex workers in the Ottoman empire.
Köçek troupe at a fair. Recruited from the ranks of colonized ethnic groups, köçeks were entertainers and sex workers in the Ottoman empire.

By the very end of the fifteenth century attitudes seemed to have begun to harden against prostitution. With the advent of the Protestant Reformation numbers of Southern German towns closed their brothels in an attempt to eradicate prostitution. The prevalence of sexually transmitted disease from the earlier sixteenth century may also have influenced attitudes. An outbreak of Syphilis in Naples 1494 which later swept across Europe, and which may have originated from the Columbian Exchange may have been the one of the causes of this change in attitude. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The köçek phenomenon is considered to be one of the most significant symbols of Ottoman Empire culture. ... “Ottoman” redirects here. ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... Sexually-transmitted infections (STIs), also known as sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs), are diseases that are commonly transmitted between partners through some form of sexual activity, most commonly vaginal intercourse, oral sex, or anal sex. ... Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum. ... Inca-era terraces on Taquile are used to grow traditional Andean staples, such as quinua and potatoes, alongside wheat, a European import. ...


In some periods prostitutes had to distinguish themselves by particular signs, sometimes wearing very short hair or no hair at all, or wearing veils in societies where other women did not wear them. Ancient codes regulated in this case the crime of a prostitute that dissimulated her profession. In some cultures, prostitutes were the sole women allowed to sing in public or act in theatrical performances. Veils as articles of clothing, worn almost exclusively by women, are intended to cover some part of the head or face. ...


18th century to present

French prostitutes being taken to the police station.
French prostitutes being taken to the police station.

In the 18th century, presumably in Venice, prostitutes started using condoms, made with catgut or cow bowel. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 756 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2024 × 1605 pixel, file size: 321 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 756 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2024 × 1605 pixel, file size: 321 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... For other uses, see Venice (disambiguation). ... This article is about the male contraceptive device. ...


Many of the women who posed in 19th and early 20th century vintage erotica were prostitutes. The most famous were the New Orleans women who posed for E. J. Bellocq. Erotica, from the Greek eros, love, are works of art, including literature, photography, film, sculpture and painting, that deal substantively with erotically stimulating or arousing descriptions. ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... Ernest J. Bellocq (1873-1949) was a professional photographer who worked in New Orleans during the early 20th century. ...


In the 19th century, legalized prostitution became a public controversy as France and then the United Kingdom passed the Contagious Diseases Acts, legislation mandating pelvic examinations for suspected prostitutes. Many early feminists fought for their repeal, either on the grounds that prostitution should be illegal and therefore not government regulated or because it forced degrading medical examinations upon women. This legislation applied not only to the United Kingdom and France, but also to their overseas colonies. The Contagious Diseases Acts were passed by several different European nations during the middle of the nineteenth century and gave policeman the power to arrest prostitutes for the purpose of having them submit to mandatory venereal disease examinations. ... Feminism is a social theory and political movement primarily informed and motivated by the experience of women. ...


Originally, prostitution was widely legal in the United States. Prostitution was made illegal in almost all states between 1910 and 1915 largely due to the influence of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union which was influential in the banning of drug use and was a major force in the prohibition of alcohol. In 1917 the legally defined prostitution district Storyville in New Orleans was closed down by the Federal government over local objections. Prostitution remained legal in Alaska until 1953 (though not yet a US state), and is still legal in some counties of Nevada. The Womans Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is the oldest continuing non-sectarian womens organization in the U.S. and worldwide. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The term Prohibition, also known as A Dry Law, refers to a law in a certain country by which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted or illegal. ... Storyville was the prostitution district of New Orleans, Louisiana from 1897 through 1917. ... Official language(s) None[1] Spoken language(s) English 85. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Nevada. ...

Prostitutes in the Shimpuro Brothel in Yokohama.
Prostitutes in the Shimpuro Brothel in Yokohama.

Beginning in the late 1980s, many states increased the penalties for prostitution in cases where the prostitute is knowingly HIV-positive. These laws, often known as felony prostitution laws, require anyone arrested for prostitution to be tested for HIV, and if the test comes back positive, the suspect is then informed that any future arrest for prostitution will be a felony instead of a misdemeanor. Penalties for felony prostitution vary in the states that have such laws, with maximum sentences of typically 10 to 15 years in prison. An episode of COPS which aired in the early 1990s detailed the impact of HIV/AIDS among prostitutes to which the felony prostitution laws is deemed as part of HIV/AIDS awareness. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 461 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (922 × 1200 pixel, file size: 323 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Group portrati of prostitutes in the Shimpuro Brothel, Yokohama. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 461 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (922 × 1200 pixel, file size: 323 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Group portrati of prostitutes in the Shimpuro Brothel, Yokohama. ... For the town of Yokohama in Aomori Prefecture, see Yokohama, Aomori. ... Species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections). ... For the record label, see Felony Records The term felony is a term used in common law systems for very serious crimes, whereas misdemeanors are considered to be less serious offenses. ... A misdemeanor, or misdemeanour, in many common law legal systems, is a lesser criminal act. ... Not to be confused with C.O.P.S. (TV series). ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...


In the 1970s some religious cults were discovered practicing religious prostitution, or flirty fishing, as an instrument to make new adepts.[24] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Flirty Fishing (FFing) was a form of personal evangelism involving sexual attraction, practiced by the new religious movement, the Children of God/The Family, from 1974 until 1987 (abandoned because of the AIDS scare). ...


Nonhuman animal prostitution

Prostitution has been observed in nonhuman animal species, notably in Adelie penguins and in hangingflies.[25][26] Binomial name Pygoscelis adeliae (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841) The Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) is, together with the Emperor Penguin, the only penguin living on the Antarctic mainland. ... Diversity 16 genera, ca. ...


Other meanings

In colloquial usage, the word "prostitute" is sometimes generalized to mean the selling of one's services for a cause thought to be unworthy, in the sense of "prostituting oneself" or "whoring oneself". In this sense, the services or acts performed are typically not sexual. For instance, in the book, The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield claims that his brother is in Hollywood, prostituting himself. In fact, he is writing screenplays. The Catcher in the Rye is a novel by J. D. Salinger. ...


See also

A brothel, also known as a bordello or whorehouse, is an establishment specifically dedicated to prostitution, providing the prostitutes a place to meet and to have sex with the clients. ... Theodora, detail of a Byzantine mosaic in Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna. ... Sex tourism is travel to engage in sexual intercourse or sexual activity with prostitutes, and is typically undertaken internationally by tourists from wealthier countries. ... In ancient Greece and Anatolia a hierodule, from Greek hiero- holy and doule female slave, was a temple slave in the service of a specific deity, often with the connotation of religious prostitution. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Courtesan and her client, Attican Pelike with red figures by Polygnotus, c. ... The köçek phenomenon is considered to be one of the most significant symbols of Ottoman Empire culture. ... A hammam in Chefchaouen, Morocco The Turkish hammam (also Turkish bath or hamam) is the Middle Eastern variant of a steam bath, which can be categorized as a wet relative of the sauna. ... Dance of a bacchá (dancing boy) Samarkand, (ca 1905 - 1915), photo S. M. Prokudin-Gorskii. ... In the culture of the Indian subcontinent a hijra (also known by a number of different names and romanised spellings) is usually considered a member of the third sex — neither man nor woman. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... It has been suggested that Duration of sexual intercourse be merged into this article or section. ... This article is about sexual practices (i. ... A sexually transmitted infection (STI) is an illness caused by an infectious pathogen that has a significant probability of transmission between humans by means of sexual contact, including vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A sex worker in Germany A sex worker is a person who earns money by providing sexual services. ... A professional dominant or professional dominatrix is a person who performs the dominant role in BDSM activities in exchange for money. ... A courtesan in mid-16th century usage was a high-class prostitute or mistress, especially one associated with rich, powerful, or upper-class men who provided luxuries and status in exchange for her services. ... In ancient Greece, hetaerae (in Greek , hetairai) were courtesans, that is to say, sophisticated companions and prostitutes. ... An ukiyo-e print of an Oiran Oiran ) were high-class courtesans in Japan. ... Rentboy is a chiefly British, Irish and New Zealand term for a young (though often adult), male homosexual prostitute usually though not always of working class origins. ... A Sanky-panky, or more commonly, Sankie, is a male sex worker, found in the Dominican Republic. ... A call girl is a prostitute who is not visible to the general public, like a street walker, and who does not usually belong to an institution like a brothel. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Optional protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography to the Convention on the Rights of the Child states that the prostitution of children or child prostitution is the practice whereby a child is used by others for sexual activities in return for remuneration or any... A massage parlor is a place where customers can receive a massage. ... The De Wallen red-light district in Amsterdam A red-light district is a neighborhoooood where prostitution and other businesses in the sex industry flourish. ... Street prostitution is a common scenario for prostitution. ... Queen Victoria (shown here on the morning of her accession to the Throne, 20 June 1837) gave her name to the historic era The Victorian era of the United Kingdom marked the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ... Jack the Ripper is the pseudonym given to an unidentified serial killer active in the largely impoverished Whitechapel area of London, England in the second half of 1888. ... In the eighteenth century, homosexuality in England was illegal, punishable by execution. ... This is a list of famous prostitutes and courtesans: Real-life and historical Brenda Allen, 1940s Los Angeles madam Aspasia, hetaera companion of Pericles Laura Bell, the Queen of London whoredom Theresa Berkeley, 19th-century dominatrix Divine Brown, caught in a compromising situation with Hugh Grant Sydney Biddle Barrows, the... Sexual slavery is a special case of slavery which includes various different practices: forced prostitution single-owner sexual slavery ritual slavery, sometimes associated with traditional religious practices slavery for primarily non-sexual purposes where sex is common or permissible In general, the nature of slavery means that the slave is... In criminology, the research and analysis of prostitution falls within the topic of public order crime. ... Debt bondage or bonded labor is a means of paying off a familys loans via the labor of family members or heirs. ... Comfort women ) or military comfort women ) is a euphemism for the up to 200,000 women who served in the Japanese armys brothels during World War II. Historians and researchers into the subject have stated that the majority were from Korea, China and other occupied territories and were recruited... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Sex crimes are forms of human sexual behavior that are crimes. ... The House of Dolls is a 1955 novel by Ka-tzetnik 135633. ... The Recreation and Amusement Association (RAA, 特殊慰安施設協会), or more literally Special Comfort Facility Association, was the official euphemism for the prostitution centers arranged for the U.S. armed forces in Occupied Japan after World War II. The RAA was created on August 28, 1945 by the Japanese Home Ministry to contain... Male prostitution is the sale of sexual services by a male prostitute (commonly called a hustler or rentboy; see below for other expressions) with either male or female clients. ... Feminists redirects here. ... Sex-positive feminism, also known as pro-sex feminism, is a movement formed in the 1980s in response to efforts by some in the feminist movement, including Catharine MacKinnon and Andrea Dworkin, to censor pornography and otherwise restrict various forms of sexual expression that they felt were oppressive to women. ... Dr. Melissa Farley is a psychologist and second wave feminist studying the effects of global sex trafficking on prostitutes. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Regional

Prostitution in Austria is an example of regulated prostitution. ... Prostitution in Thailand was first described in the West in reports by sailors visiting what was then called Siam, as early as the 16th and 17th centuries. ... Prostitution is governed by state laws in Australia, which vary considerably. ... See Prostitution in the United Kingdom for information about prostitution in Northern Ireland. ... Ever since the Czechoslovakian Velvet Revolution (1989) led to the creation of the two independent states Czech Republic and Slovakia, prostitution has been on the rise. ... Prostitution in Denmark is legal, and has been since changes in the penal codes the 17th of March, 1999, but practically had been legal for a long time prior to the changes to the penal code. ... Prostitution is legal in Finland except in public places. ... A prostitute in Germany, 1999 Prostitution in Germany is legal and widespread. ... Prostitution in South Korea is a large illegal industry. ... Prostitution in Japan has a long and varied history. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... There was no visible prostitution in Iceland until the 1990s, therefore there was no legal regulation for prostitution. ... Prostitution is currently an issue in India. ... Prostitution in Italy is not specifically illegal, and is tolerated in an individually-organized basis; however, several prostitution-related activities are outlawed. ... Shortly after taking power in 1949, the Communist Party of China embarked upon a series of campaigns that purportedly eradicated prostitution from mainland China by the early 1960s. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Prostitution in the Netherlands is legal and common. ... Currently prostitution and brothel keeping are legal in New Zealand, provided the prostitute is 18 or over. ... Prostitution in Philippines is available through brothels (also known as casa), bars, karaoke bars (also known as KTVs), Massage Parlors, street walkers and escort services. ... Prostitution in Sweden is technically illegal, since it is a crime to purchase the service. ... Prostitution in the United Kingdom is not formally illegal, but several activities surrounding it are outlawed. ... In the U.S., each state has the power to decide whether or not prostitution is legal in that state or part of that state. ... Typical newspaper boxes commonly filled with free flyers solely advertising escorts on Las Vegas Blvd, although prostitution itself is illegal in Las Vegas and Clark county. ...

References

  1. ^ http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761554559/Prostitution.html
  2. ^ Street Prostitution
  3. ^ U.N. World Tourism Organization Statement on the Prevention of Organized Sex Tourism
  4. ^ Siegal, Larry J. (2005). Criminology: The Core Second Edition. Thompson. 
  5. ^ http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/33/158.html
  6. ^ http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/46403/65063/E96THA01.htm Ilio.org Retrieved on 04-26-07
  7. ^ about.com
  8. ^ http://qaba.org.au Qaba.org Retrieved on 04-26-07
  9. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1775221.stm News.bbc.co.uk Retrieved on 04-26-07
  10. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3197861.stm News.bbc.co.uk Retrieved on 04-26-07
  11. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3221905.stm News.bbc.co.uk Retrieved on 04-26-07
  12. ^ http://www.justicewomen.com/letters_prostitution.html Justicewomen.com Retrieved on 04-26-07
  13. ^ a b Trafficking. Antislavery.org. Retrieved on 2007-07-27.
  14. ^ Responding to Modern-Day Slavery (2006-10-20).
  15. ^ ECPAT-USA.
  16. ^ [http://www.unodc.org/pdf/Trafficking_toolkit_Oct06.pdf Toolkit to Combat Trafficking in Persons]. Unodc.org. Retrieved on 2007-07-27.
  17. ^ http://www.iies.su.se/seminars/papers/Edlund.pdf Iies.su.se Retrieved on 04-26-07
  18. ^ http://www.bayswan.org/NTFP.html Bayswan.org Retrieved on 04-26-07
  19. ^ http://www.scarletalliance.org.au Scarletalliance.org Retrieved on 04-26-07
  20. ^ http://www.voy.com/164439/157.html?z=1 Voy.com Retrieved on 04-26-07
  21. ^ http://www.nswp.org Retrieved on 04-26-07 Nswo.org
  22. ^ Justin Martyr, First Apology http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0126.htm "But as for us, we have been taught that to expose newly-born children is the part of wicked men; and this we have been taught lest we should do any one an injury, and lest we should sin against God, first, because we see that almost all so exposed (not only the girls, but also the males) are brought up to prostitution."
  23. ^ Norman Davies (1996). Europe: A History, p. 413. ISBN 0-19-820171-0. 
  24. ^ living.oneindia.in – Religious Prostitution- Sacrifice to tradition
  25. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/60302.stm
  26. ^ http://www.calacademy.org/calwild/2004spring/stories/materialgirls.html
  • Campbell, Russell. Marked Women: Prostitutes and Prostitution in the Cinema, 2005 University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Castillo DN, Jenkins EL. Industries and occupations at high risk for work-related homicide. J Occup Med 1994;36:125–32.
  • D. Brewer et al. Prostitution and the sex discrepancy in reported number of sexual partners. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 24 October; 97(22): 12385-12388.
  • McCall, Andrew: "The Medieval Underworld". Hamish Hamilton, 1979. ISBN 0750937270
  • Michael, R. T., Gagnon, J. H.,.Laumann, E. O., & Kolata, G. Sex in America, Boston: Little, Brown, 1994.
  • Mirbeau, Octave, The love of a venal woman.
  • Phoenix, J. Making Sense of Prostitution, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001.
  • Preston, John. Hustling, A Gentlemen's Guide to the Fine Art of Homosexual Prostitution, Badboy Books, 1997.
  • Perlongher, Néstor Osvaldo. O negócio do michê, prostituição viril em São Paulo, 1ª edição 1987, editora brasiliense.
  • Potterat JJ, Woodhouse DE, Muth JB & Muth SQ. Estimating the prevalence and career longevity of prostitute women. Journal of Sex Research 1990; 27: 233 243.
  • Potterat JJ, Brewer DD, Muth SQ, Rothenberg RB, Woodhouse DE, Muth JB, Stites HK & Brody S. Mortality in a long-term open cohort of prostitute women. American Journal of Epidemiology 2004; 159(8) 778-785.
    • Full text: [2]
  • The UN Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others (1949)
    • Full text: Status of ratifications, reservations and declarations
  • Weitzer, Ronald (ed.), Sex For Sale: Prostitution, Pornography, and the Sex Industry. New York: Routledge, 2000.
  • Weitzer, Ronald. "New Directions in Research on Prostitution," Crime, Law, and Social Change, v.43, no.4-5, 2005.
  • Weitzer, Ronald. "Moral Crusade Against Prostitution," Society, March-April, 2006.

World Tourism Organization Building in Madrid The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is a United Nations agency dealing with questions relating to tourism. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The First Apology was an early work of Christian apologetics addressed by Justin Martyr to the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius. ... Norman Davies, Warsaw (Poland), October 7, 2004 Norman Davies (born June 8, 1939 in Bolton, Lancashire) is an English historian of Welsh descent, noted for his publications on the history of Poland, Europe and the British Isles. ... The Suppression of the traffic in persons and of the exploitation of the prostitution of others resolution declares that the enslavement of women and children subjected to prostitution is incompatible with the dignity and fundamental rights of the human person. ...

External links and other resources

Look up Prostitution in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...

Information sites

Organizations

  • Rahab Foundation – To assist, train, educate and integrate women who decide to give up prostitution (Costa Rica)
  • The Coalition Against Trafficking in Women
  • Prostitutes' Rights Issues and Organizations Around the World – Prostitutes' Education Network
  • The International Union of Sex Workers
  • StellaTo educate sex-workers in Canada and to fight for their rights and welfare.
  • The Canadian Guild for Erotic Labour
  • United Sex Professionals of Finland
  • Mary Magdalene Project of Mexico

News articles

  • Asia's sex trade is 'slavery' – BBC News 20 February 2003
  • Prostitution: Sex is their business – The Economist 2 September 2004
  • A modern slave's brutal odyssey – BBC News 3 November 2004
  • Legalized Prostitution: Regulating the Oldest Profession – Mark Liberator (2004) on liberator.net, updated 8 December 2005
  • Sex trade's reliance on forced labour – BBC News 12 May 2005
  • Decriminalize sex trade: Vancouver report – CBC.ca 13 June 2006
  • Labour votes to limit sex trade – Aftenposten 23 April 2007

BBC News is the department within the BBC responsible for the corporations news-gathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... The Economist is a weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London, UK. It has been in continuous publication since September 1843. ... BBC News is the department within the BBC responsible for the corporations news-gathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... BBC News is the department within the BBC responsible for the corporations news-gathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), a Canadian crown corporation, is the country’s national public radio and television broadcaster. ... Aftenposten is Norways second largest newspaper with a circulation of 256,600 copies for the morning edition, 155,400 copies for the separate evening edition and 232,900 copies for the Sunday edition in 2003. ...

Academic papers

  • Working girls : prostitutes, their life and social control – Roberta Perkins
    in Australian studies in law, crime and justice (1991); Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology; ISBN 0 642 15877 0
  • An analysis of Roberta Perkins' academic work on prostitution

Anti-prostitution writing

  • Antonella Gambotto-Burke on prostitution
  • Andrea Dworkin: Why Men Like Prostitution So Much Andrea Dworkin Keynote Speech at International Trafficking Conference, 1989. (Audio File: 22 min, 128 kbit/s, mp3)
  • Andrea Dworkin's Attorney General's Commission Testimony on Pornography and Prostitution
  • Coalition Against Trafficking in Women (CATW) — list of resources on the sex industry (primarily focused on prostitution)
  • Equality Now feminist activism against various forms of prostitution
  • Fair Fund Human Trafficking website
  • Polaris Project helps prostituted women recover. Located in Washington, D.C.
  • The Lola Greene Baldwin FoundationProstitution Recovery Program. Excellent articles, resources and information.
  • Prostitution Research & Education. See Melissa Farley
  • 'Bad for the Body, Bad for the heart': Prostitution Harms Women Even if Legalized or Decriminalized by Melissa Farley 2004 Violence Against Women 10: 1087-1125.
  • Prostitution and Male Supremacy by Andrea Dworkin
  • Prostitution and the sex discrepancy in reported number of sexual partners. D. Brewer et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 24 October; 97(22): 1238512388.
  • Prostitution and Civil Rights by Catharine A. MacKinnon
  • Prostitution and Trafficking in 9 Countries: Update on Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by Melissa Farley, Ann Cotton., Jacqueline Lynne, Sybile Zumbeck, Frida Spiwak, Maria E. Reyes, Dinorah Alvarez, Ufuk Sezgin 2003 Journal of Trauma Practice 2 (3/4): 33-74.
  • "Prostitution harms women even if indoors: Reply to Weitzer" by Melissa Farley, Violence Against Women 1(7): 971–977, July 2005
  • “Prostitution, Trafficking, and Cultural Amnesia: What We Must Not Know in Order To Keep the Business of Sexual Exploitation Running Smoothly” by Melissa Farley 2006 Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 18:109-144.
  • The question of prostitution - A Marxist analysis of prostitution
  • Unequal (A Feminist Response to Marxist Views on Prostitution) by Melissa Farley

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