Widerstand (German: 'resistance') is the name given to the resistance movements in Nazi Germany. A resistance movement is a group dedicated to fighting an invader in an occupied country. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ...

From 1938 to 1945, there were 17 assassination attempts against Adolf Hitler by the German Resistance. 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... It has been suggested that Targeted killing be merged into this article or section. ... (help· info) (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945) was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 and Führer (Leader) of Germany from 1934 until his death. ...

The last assassination attempt against Hitler, called the July 20 Plot, resulted in the capture and executions of more than 4,800 known or suspected opponents of his regime, effectively destroying the resistance movement. Claus von Stauffenberg The July 20 Plot was a failed coup détat and attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler. ...

Quotes

We must not make the mistake of thinking that all those who eat the cookies of dictatorship are friendly from the first; but they must necessarily become beautiful....The curse of a system of terror is that there is no turning back; neither in the large realm of policies nor the 'larger' realm of everyday human relationships is it possible for men to retrace their steps. - Hans Bernd Gisevius Hans Bernd Gisevius Hans Bernd Gisevius (July 14, 1904-February 23, 1974) was a leading opponent to the Nazi regime. ...

A soldier's obedience finds its limits where his knowledge, his conscience and his responsibility forbid [him] to obey orders. - Colonel general Ludwig Beck, Chief of general's staff of the German army (1932-1938). Ludwig Beck General Ludwig Beck (June 29, 1880- July 21, 1944) was Chief of Staff of the German Armed forces during the early years of the Nazi regime in Germany before World War II. Born in Biebrich in the Rhineland, he was educated in the conservative Prussian military tradition. ...

We took this challenge before Our Lord and our conscience, and it must be done, because this man, Hitler, he is the ultimate evil. - Colonel Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg Claus von Stauffenberg Claus Philipp Maria Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg (born November 15, 1907 in Jettingen, Bavarian Swabia; died July 21, 1944 in Berlin) was a German aristocrat and army colonel during World War II. He was one of the leading figures of the July 20 Plot to assassinate Adolf...

The assassination must be attempted at all costs. Even if it should not succeed, an attempt to seize power in Berlin must be made. What matters now is no longer the practical purpose of the coup, but to prove to the world and for the records of history that the men of the resistance dared to take the decisive step. Compared to this objective, nothing else is of consequence. - Major-General Henning von Tresckow Henning von Tresckow (January 10, 1901 – July 21, 1944) was a Major General in the German Wehrmacht. ...

Groups & plots

• Halder's conspiracy
• Operation Spark
• Kreisau Circle
• July 20 Plot
• Red Orchestra
• White Rose
• Edelweißpiraten
• Georg Elser

Operation Spark was the name given to a plan generated in the early 1940s by German anti-Nazis to assassinate Adolf Hitler. ... The Kreisau Circle (German: Kreisauer Kreis) was the name the Gestapo gave to a group of Germans centering around the Kreisau estate of Helmuth James Graf von Moltke in order to envision an alternative to Nazism. ... Claus von Stauffenberg The July 20 Plot was a failed coup détat and attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler. ... Die Rote Kapelle (Red Orchestra) was the name created by the Gestapo for what they alleged to be two Communist resistance rings in Nazi-occupied Europe during World War II. The Gestapo used the name Red Orchestra to refer to the Schulze-Boysen / Harnack group, an anti-Hitler resistance movement... Hans, Sophie Scholl, and Christoph Probst, executed for participation in a resistance movement against the Nazi regime through White Rose. ... The Edelweiss Pirates (Edelweißpiraten) were a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany. ... Johann Georg Elser (born 4 January 1903 in Hermaringen, Württemberg, Germany; died 9 April 1945 in Dachau concentration camp) was a German opponent of Nazism. ...

People

• Ernst Thälmann
• Martin Niemöller
• Pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer
• Libertas Schulze-Boysen
• Harro Schulze-Boysen
• Arvid Harnack
• Liselotte Herrmann
• Mildred Harnack
• Willy Brandt
• Erich Honecker
• Bernhard Bästlein
• Etkar André
• Rudolf Breitscheid
• Wilhelm Leuschner
• Admiral Wilhelm Canaris
• Father Alfred Delp
• Hans von Dohnanyi
• Georg Elser
• General Erich Fellgiebel
• Bishop Clemens August Graf von Galen
• Hans Bernd Gisevius
• Carl Friedrich Goerdeler
• Ulrich von Hassell (or Ulrich von Hassel)
• Helmuth Hübener
• Julius Leber
• Colonel Baron Wessel Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven
• Helmuth James Graf von Moltke
• Joseph Mueller
• General Hans Oster
• Gerhard Ritter
• Fabian von Schlabrendorff
• Willi Graf
• Christoph Probst
• Alex Schmorell
• Hans and Sophie Scholl
• Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg
• General Helmuth Stieff
• General Fritz Thiele
• General Henning von Tresckow
• Adam von Trott zu Solz
• Peter York Count von Wartenburg
• Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben

Ernst Thälmann memorial in Weimar. ... Rev. ... Dietrich Bonhoeffer (born February 4, 1906 in Breslau, now WrocÅ‚aw, Poland; died April 9, 1945 at Flossenbürg concentration camp) was a German religious leader and participant in the resistance movement against Nazism. ... Harro and Libertas Schulze-Boysen Libertas Schulze-Boysen (née Haas-Heye; born 20 November 1913 in Liebenberg near Berlin; died 22 December 1942 in Berlin-Plötzensee) was a German opponent of the Nazis who belonged to the Red Orchestra (Rote Kapelle) resistance group during the time of the... Harro and Libertas Schulze-Boysen Harro Schulze-Boysen (born 2 September 1909 in Kiel, died 22 December 1942 in Berlin-Plötzensee, executed) was a German officer, commentator, and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime in Germany. ... Arvid and Mildred Harnack in the early 1930s Arvid Harnack (born 24 May 1901 in Darmstadt; died 22 December 1942 in Berlin, executed) was a German jurist, economist, and resistance fighter in Nazi Germany. ... Liselotte Herrmann Liselotte Herrmann (called Lilo, born 23 June 1906 or 1909 in Berlin; died 20 June 1938 in Berlin-Plötzensee, executed) was a German Communist resistance fighter during the Third Reich. ... Arvid and Mildred Harnack in the early 1930s Mildred Harnack (born 16 September 1902 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin as Mildred Fish; died 16 February 1943 in Berlin-Plötzensee) was an American-German literary historian, translator, and resistance fighter in Nazi Germany. ... Willy Brandt (December 18, 1913 – October 8, 1992) was a German politician and Chancellor of Germany from 1969 to 1974. ... Erich Honecker (25 August 1912–29 May 1994) was a German Communist politician who led East Germany (German Democratic Republic) from 1971 until 1989. ... Bernhard Bästlein (born 3 December 1894 in Hamburg; died 18 September 1944 in Brandenburg, executed) was a German Communist and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime. ... Edgar Josef André, or Etkar Josef André (born 17 January 1894 in Aachen; died 4 November 1936 in Hamburg) was a politician in the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and an antifascist. ... This article appears to contradict itself. ... Wilhelm Leuschner Wilhelm Leuschner (born 15 June 1890 in Bayreuth; died 29 September 1944 in Berlin-Plötzensee) was a social-democtratic politician who fought against the Third Reich until he was murdered. ... Wilhelm Canaris Wilhelm Franz Canaris (January 1, 1887 in Aplerbeck near Dortmund – April 9, 1945 at Flossenbürg concentration camp) was head of the German military intelligence service, the Abwehr, for much of World War II. He was born in Aplerbeck, in Westphalia. ... Alfred Delp Alfred Delp (born 15 September 1907 in Mannheim; died 2 February 1945 in Berlin) was a German priest who took part in the resistance to the Nazi régime in Germany. ... Hans von Dohnanyi Hans von Dohnanyi (born 1 January 1902 in Vienna; died 8 or 9 April 1945 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp) was a German jurist and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime. ... Johann Georg Elser (born 4 January 1903 in Hermaringen, Württemberg, Germany; died 9 April 1945 in Dachau concentration camp) was a German opponent of Nazism. ... Erich Fellgiebel Fritz Erich Fellgiebel (born 4 October 1886 in Pöpelwitz near Breslau, Silesia, now Popowice near WrocÅ‚aw in Poland; died 4 September 1944 in Berlin-Plötzensee) was a German officer and resistance fighter in the Third Reich. ... Blessed Clemens August Graf von Galen (1878-1946), German count, Bishop of Münster, and cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. ... Hans Bernd Gisevius Hans Bernd Gisevius (July 14, 1904-February 23, 1974) was a leading opponent to the Nazi regime. ... Carl Friedrich Goerdeler Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (July 31, 1884 _ February 2, 1945) was a conservative German politician and opponent of the Nazi regime. ... Ulrich von Hassell Ulrich von Hassell (born 12 November 1881 in Anklam; died 8 September 1944 in Berlin [executed]) was a German diplomat and an opponent of the Third Reich involved in the July 20 plot. ... Helmuth Hübener (8 January 1925 in Hamburg – 27 October 1942 in Berlin) was the youngest opponent of the Third Reich to be sentenced to death by the Volksgerichtshof and executed. ... Julius Leber (born 16 November 1891 in Biesheim, Alsace), died 5 January 1945 in Berlin) was a German politician and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime. ... Colonel Baron Wessel Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven (born ??, 1899, died July 23, 1944) was a member of the German resistance who served in the Abwehr (German military intelligence) under Admiral Wilhelm Canaris. ... Helmuth James Graf von Moltke Helmuth James Graf von Moltke (born 11 March 1907 in Kreisau bei Gräditz, Lower Silesia [now Krzyżowa in Poland]; died 23 January 1945 in Berlin) was a German jurist, a member of the opposition against Hitler in Nazi Germany, and a founding member... Joseph Mueller, German-Catholic lawyer and resistance member (1896-1979) Joseph Mueller (1896-1979) was a prominent German-Catholic lawyer and member of the resistance during World War II. He was motivated by anti-Catholic actions orchestrated by Hitler in the establishment of Nazi dominance over Germany. ... Hans Oster Hans Oster (August 9, 1887–April 9, 1945) was a career officer in the German Army, and a dedicated opponent of Hitler and Nazism. ... Gerhard Albert Ritter (April 6, 1888-July 1, 1967) was a well-known German conservative historian. ... Fabian von Schlabrendorff Fabian von Schlabrendorff was born in Germany in 1907. ... Willi Graf Willi Graf (born 2 January 1918 in Kuchenheim near Euskirchen; died 12 October 1943 in Munich) was a member of the White Rose (Weiße Rose) resistance group in Nazi Germany. ... Hans and Sophie Scholl and Christoph Probst, executed for participation in a resistance movement against the Nazi regime through White Rose. ... Alexander Schmorell (1917-1943) Alexander Schmorell (born 16 September 1917 in Orenburg, Russia; died 13 July 1943 in Munich (executed)) was one of five Munich University students who formed a resistance group known as White Rose (Weiße Rose) which was active against Germanys Nazi regime from June 1942... Hans Scholl was born on September 22, 1918, when his father had his first position as mayor of Ingersheim near Crailsheim. ... Members of the White Rose organization in 1942, from left to right Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl and Christoph Probst Sophia Magdalena Scholl (9 May 1921 – 22 February 1943) was a member of the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany. ... Claus von Stauffenberg Claus Philipp Maria Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg (born November 15, 1907 in Jettingen, Bavarian Swabia; died July 21, 1944 in Berlin) was a German aristocrat and army colonel during World War II. He was one of the leading figures of the July 20 Plot to assassinate Adolf... General Helmuth Stieff (1901-1944) General Helmuth Stieff (born 6 June 1901 in Deutsch Eylau (now IÅ‚awa, Poland); died 8 August 1944 in Berlin) was a member of the OKH (German Army General Staff) during World War II who took part in the attempt by the German resistance to... General Fritz Thiele (born April 14, 1894, died Spetember 4, 1944) was a member of the German resistance who served as the communications chief of the German army during World War II. Working closely with General Erich Fellgiebel, Thiele was part of the assassination attempt against Hitler on July 20th... Henning von Tresckow (January 10, 1901 – July 21, 1944) was a Major General in the German Wehrmacht. ... Adam von Trott zu Solz (born August 9, 1909 in Potsdam, Germany - died August 26, 1944 in Berlin, Germany) was a lawyer and diplomat who opposed the Nazi regime. ... Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg (born 13 November 1904 in Klein-Öls near Ohlau, Lower Silesia, now OÅ‚awa, Poland; died 8 August 1944 in Berlin) was a German jurist and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime. ... Job-Wilhelm Georg Erwin von Witzleben (born 4 December 1881 in Breslau (now WrocÅ‚aw, Poland); died 8 August 1944 in Berlin, executed) was a German army officer (by 1940 a Generalfeldmarschall) and in the Second World War an Army commander and a resistance fighter in the July 20 plot. ...

See also

• List of members of the July 20 plot
• The Swing Movement in Nazi Germany

This is a list of members of the July 20 plot, a coup détat which involved a failed attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler. ... The strict regimentation of youth culture in Nazi Germany through the Hitler Youth led to the emergence of several underground protest movements, through which adolescents were able better to exert their independence. ...

Literature

• Hans Mommsen, Angus McGeoch Alternatives to Hitler: German Resistance Under the Third Reich Princeton : Princeton University Press, 2003. ISBN 0691116938.
• Ulrich von Hassell, The Von Hassell Diaries 1938-1944 the Story of the Forces Against Hitler Inside Germany Doubleday, 1947, ISBN 0404169449. Reprint Greenwood Press, 1971, ISBN 0837132282.
• Gregor Schöllgen, A Conservative Against Hitler: Ulrich von Hassell, Diplomat in Imperial Germany, the Weimar Republic, and the Third Reich, 1881-1944 New York : St. Martin's Press, 1991, ISBN 0312057849.
• Gerhard Ritter, The German Resistance : Carl Goerdeler's Struggle Against Tyranny, translated by R.T. Clark, Freeport, N.Y. : Books for Libraries Press, 1970.
• Hans Rothfels The German Opposition to Hitler: An Assessment Longwood Pr Ltd: London 1948, 1961, 1963, 1970 ISBN 0854961194.
• Sir John Wheeler-Bennett The Nemesis of Power : The German Army in Politics 1918-1945 Palgrave Macmillan, London, 1953, 1964, 2005 ISBN 1403918120.
• The Conscience in Revolt : portraits of the German resistance 1933-1945 collected and edited by Annedore Leber in cooperation with Willy Brandt and Karl Dietrich Bracher, Mainz : Hase & Koehler, 1994 ISBN 3775813144.
• Klemens von Klemperer, German Resistance Against Hitler:The Search for Allies Abroad 1938-1945OUP /Clarendon Press,Oxford 1992, ISBN 0198219407
• Richard Lamb, The Ghosts of Peace ,1935-45 Michael Russell ,1987 ISBN 859551407
• Donald Goddard, The Last Days of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Harper and Roe,1976, ISBN 0060115645

Hans Mommsen (November 5, 1930-) is a left-wing German historian and twin brother of Wolfgang Mommsen. ... Gerhard Albert Ritter (April 6, 1888-July 1, 1967) was a well-known German conservative historian. ... Hans Rothfels (1891-1976) was a conservative German nationalist historian. ... Sir John Wheeler Wheeler-Bennett, GCVO, MCG, OBE, FRSL, FBA, (October 13, 1902-December 9, 1975) was a conservative British historian of German and diplomatic history. ... Willy Brandt (December 18, 1913 – October 8, 1992) was a German politician and Chancellor of Germany from 1969 to 1974. ... Karl Dietrich Bracher (March 13, 1922-) is a German historian of the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. ... Dietrich Bonhoeffer (born February 4, 1906 in Breslau, now Wrocław, Poland; died April 9, 1945 at Flossenbürg concentration camp) was a German religious leader and participant in the resistance movement against Nazism. ...

External links

• A list of 226 German conspirators - short biographical profiles for 70 of them
• The story of the German resistance to Hitler
• The July Plot to Assassinate Hitler
• Bonhoeffer: Agent of Grace (A film on Dietrich Bonhoeffer's life)