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Encyclopedia > Widnes
Widnes


Spike Island Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 485 pixelsFull resolution (2481 × 1504 pixel, file size: 1. ... Spike Island today from the Catalyst Museum Spike Island, Halton Borough, Widnes, England, a birthplace of the British chemical industry, is a reclaimed toxic waste site. ...


Widnes shown within Cheshire
Population 53,410 (2001 Census)
OS grid reference SJ5185
Unitary authority Halton
Ceremonial county Cheshire
Region North West
Constituent country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town WIDNES
Postcode district WA8
Dialling code 0151
Police Cheshire
Fire Cheshire
Ambulance North West
UK Parliament Halton
European Parliament North West England
List of places: UK • England • Cheshire

Coordinates: 53°21′50″N 2°43′44″W / 53.3638, -2.7289 Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Red_pog2. ... Cheshire (or, archaically, the County of Chester)[1] is a county in North West England. ... UK Census 2001 logo A nationwide census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001. ... The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using latitude or longitude. ... The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government. ... Halton is a borough in North West England, administered by a unitary authority. ... The Ceremonial counties of England are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government with reference to the metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England. ... Cheshire (or, archaically, the County of Chester)[1] is a county in North West England. ... The region, also known as Government Office Region, is currently the highest tier of local government subnational entity of England in the United Kingdom. ... North West England is one of the nine regions of England. ... Constituent countries is a phrase used, often by official institutions, in contexts in which a number of countries make up a larger entity or grouping; thus the OECD has used the phrase in reference to the former Yugoslavia[1], the Soviet Union and European institutions such as the Council of... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... A post town is a required part of all UK postal addresses. ... UK postal codes are known as postcodes. ... The WA postcode area, also known as the Warrington postcode area[2], is a group of postal districts in North West England that are sub-divisions of nine post towns. ... The UK telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Numbering Plan, is regulated by the Office of Communications (Ofcom), which replaced the Office of Telecommunications (Oftel) in 2003. ... Cheshire Constabulary is the Home Office police force responsible for policing the English non-metropolitan county of Cheshire and the unitary authorities of Halton (including Runcorn, and Widnes) and Warrington. ... A Fire Appliance belonging to the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service The fire service in the United Kingdom has undergone dramatic changes since the beginning of the 21st century, a process that has been propelled by a devolution of central government powers, new legislation and a change to operational... The Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service is the statuory fire and rescue service for the English non-metropolitan county of Cheshire and the unitary authorities of Halton (including Runcorn, and Widnes) and Warrington. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust was formed on 1 July 2006 as part of Health Minister Lord Warners plans to reduce the number of NHS ambulance service trusts operating in the United Kingdom to 12. ... The United Kingdom House of Commons is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs). ... Halton is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... This is a list of Members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom in the 2004 to 2009 session, ordered by name. ... North West England is a constituency of the European Parliament. ... List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places within counties List of places in Bedfordshire List of places in Berkshire List of places in Buckinghamshire List of places in Cambridgeshire List of places in Cheshire List of places in Cleveland List of places... This is a list of settlements and places of interest in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...


Widnes is an industrial town within the borough of Halton, in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England, with an urban area population of 57,663 in 2004.[1] It is located on the northern bank of the River Mersey where the estuary narrows to form Runcorn Gap. Directly to the south across the Mersey is the town of Runcorn. Upstream and 8 miles (13 km) to the east is the town of Warrington, and downstream 16 miles (26 km) to the west is the city of Liverpool. Halton is a borough in North West England, administered by a unitary authority. ... The Ceremonial counties of England are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government with reference to the metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England. ... Cheshire (or, archaically, the County of Chester)[1] is a county in North West England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Ferry across the Mersey, June 2005 The River Mersey is a river in north-western England. ... Ferry across the Mersey, June 2005 The River Mersey is a river in north-western England. ... This article is about the town in England. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Liverpool (disambiguation). ...


Historically part of Lancashire, prior to the Industrial Revolution Widnes consisted of a small number of separate settlements on land which was mainly marsh or moorland. In 1847 the first chemical factory was established and the town rapidly became a major centre of the chemical industry. The demand for labour was met by the immigration of large numbers of workers from Ireland, Poland, Lithuania and Wales. The town continues to be a major manufacturer of chemicals and there has been a degree of diversification of the town's industries.[2] The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. ... Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea. ... A Watt steam engine, the steam engine that propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world. ... This article is about marsh, a type of wetland. ... Moorland in the Pennines (England); Coarse grasses and bracken tend to dominate especially in high rainfall areas. ... Water and steam are two different forms of the same chemical substance A chemical substance is any material with a definite chemical composition, no matter where it comes from. ... Chemical tanks in Lillebonne, France Chemical industry includes those industries involved in the production of petrochemicals, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, polymers, paints, oleochemicals etc. ... This article is about the country. ...


Widnes lies on the southern route of the Liverpool to Manchester railway line. The main roads passing through the town are the A557 in a north-south direction and the A562 which runs east-west. The Sankey Canal (now disused) terminates in an area of the town known as Spike Island. There are two Liverpool to Manchester Lines between the cities of Liverpool and Manchester in the north-west of England. ... The A562 is a road in the United Kingdom it runs to Liverpool from Penketh. ... The Sankey Canal, also known as the Sankey Brook Navigation, is a disused canal in Lancashire, in the north-west of England. ... Spike Island, Halton Borough, Widnes, , England, a birthplace of the British chemical industry, is a reclaimed toxic waste site. ...

Contents

History

Toponymy

The most usual explanation for the origin of the name Widnes is that it comes from the Danish words vid, meaning wide, and noese, meaning nose and that it refers to the promontory projecting into the River Mersey. However the Widnes promontory is not particularly wide and another possible explanation is the first part derives from the Danish ved, meaning a wood and possibly referring to a tree-covered promontory. Earlier spellings of the name have been Vidnes, Wydnes and Wydness.[3] The term promontory has several similar meanings in English, including geographical names: A promontory is a prominent mass of land which overlooks lower lying land or a body of water (e. ...


Early history

There is little evidence of any early human occupation of the area although a flint arrowhead was discovered at Pex Hill, suggesting there was some human presence in the Stone Age.[3] Roman roads by-passed the area but some Roman coins were found where the Ditton railway station once stood.[4] In the 9th century Vikings had invaded the country and Widnes was at the extreme south of the Danelaw. The River Mersey derives its name from the Anglo-Saxon maeres ea, which means boundary river, the boundary being that between the Danelaw and the Saxon kingdom of Mercia.[5] At the beginning of the 20th century it was believed that some earthworks on Cuerdley Marsh had been constructed by the Vikings[6] but an archaeological investigation in the 1930s found nothing to confirm this.[7] This article is about the sedimentary rock. ... Traditional target arrow and replica medieval arrow. ... Stone Age fishing hook. ... Not to be confused with Romans road. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Viking (disambiguation). ... Green: Danelaw The Danelaw (from the Old English Dena lagu, Danish: Danelagen ) is an 11th century name for an area of northern and eastern England under the administrative control of the Vikings (or Danes, or Norsemen) from the late 9th century. ... The Kingdom of Mercia at its greatest extent (7th to 9th centuries) is shown in green, with the original core area (6th century) given a darker tint. ...


Following the Norman conquest, William the Conqueror granted the Earldom of Lancaster to Roger de Poictou who in turn granted the barony of Widnes to Yorfrid. Yorfrid had no sons and his elder daughter married William FitzNigel, the second Baron of Halton. On Yorfrid's death the barony of Widnes passed to that of Halton.[8] A Norman church was built in Farnworth. Its date of origin is uncertain but it is likely that this was around 1180.[9] In 1507 a grammar school was established in Farnworth with an endowment from Bishop William Smyth.[10] Until the middle of the 19th century the area consisted of the scattered hamlets of Farnworth, Appleton, Ditton, Upton and Woodend. Nearby were the villages of Cronton and Cuerdley.[11] Bayeux Tapestry depicting events leading to the Battle of Hastings The Norman Conquest of England was the conquest of the Kingdom of England by William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy), in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings and the subsequent Norman control of England. ... William I of England (c. ... Halton Castle in the 18th century The Barony of Halton, in England, comprised a succession of 15 barons. ... The nave of Durham Cathedral demonstrates the characteristic round arched style, though use of shallow pointed arches above the nave is a forerunner of the Gothic style. ... For the architectural structure, see Church (building). ... A grammar school is a school that may, depending on regional usage as exemplified below, provide either secondary education or, a much less common usage, primary education (also known as elementary). Grammar schools trace their origins back to medieval Europe, as schools in which university preparatory subjects, such as Latin... William Smyth could be William Smyth, bishop of Lincoln William Smyth, a professor of mathematics at Bowdoin College William Smyth, bishop William Smyth (or Smith) (c. ... Farnworth was a village in south Lancashire between Prescot and Penketh. ... Cronton is a small village on the border of Merseyside and Cheshire in England. ...


In the 1750s the Sankey Canal was constructed. This linked the area of St Helens with the River Mersey at Sankey Bridges, near Warrington and was in operation by 1757. It was extended to Fiddler's Ferry in 1762[12] and then in 1833 a further extension to Woodend was opened. In the same year the St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway was opened. The railway connected St Helens with an area in Woodend which was to become known as Spike Island. The termini of the canal and railway were adjacent and here the world's first railway dock was established.[13] Despite these transport links and the emergence of the chemical industry at nearby Runcorn and elsewhere in the Mersey Valley, the Industrial Revolution did not arrive at Widnes until 14 years later, with the arrival at Spike Island of John Hutchinson.[14] The Sankey Canal, also known as the Sankey Brook Navigation, is a disused canal in Lancashire, in the north-west of England. ... For the larger local government district, see Metropolitan Borough of St Helens. ... Sankey Bridges is a district of Warrington, a unitary authority in the north-west of England. ... St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway was an early railway company that acted as a feeder to the original Liverpool and Manchester Railway. ... Spike Island, Halton Borough, Widnes, , England, a birthplace of the British chemical industry, is a reclaimed toxic waste site. ... John Hutchinson (1825 – 14 March 1865) was a chemist and industrialist who established the first chemical factory in Widnes, Lancashire, England. ...


Coming of the chemical industry

Widnes during the late 19th century demonstrating the degree of pollution in the town
Widnes during the late 19th century demonstrating the degree of pollution in the town

John Hutchinson built his first factory in 1847 on land between the Sankey Canal and the railway making alkali by the Leblanc process.[15] This was an ideal site for the factory because all the raw materials could be transported there by the waterways and railway, and the finished products could similarly be transported anywhere else in the country or overseas. Further chemical factories were soon built nearby by entrepreneurs including John McClelland, William Gossage, Frederic Muspratt, Holbrook Gaskell and Henry Deacon.[2] The town grew rapidly as housing and social provision was made for the factory workers. Soon the villages of Farnworth, Appleton, Ditton and Upton were subsumed within the developing town of Widnes. Woodend became known as West Bank. The substances produced included soap, borax, soda ash, salt cake and bleaching powder. Other industries developed including iron and copper works.[16] The town became heavily polluted with smoke and the by-products of the chemical processes.[17] In 1888 the town was described as "the dirtiest, ugliest and most depressing town in England"[18] and in 1905 as a "poisonous hell-town".[19] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 452 pixelsFull resolution (1715 × 969 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 452 pixelsFull resolution (1715 × 969 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Leblanc process was the industrial process for the production of soda ash (sodium carbonate) used throughout the 19th century. ... For the USA politician, see John Little McClellan John McClellan (1810 – 14 May 1881) was a chemist and industrialist who established one of the first chemical factories in Widnes, Lancashire, England. ... Gossage is a family name of soapmakers and alkali manufacturers. ... Frederic Muspratt (2 February 1825 – November 1872) was a chemist and industrialist who established a chemical factory in Widnes, Lancashire, England. ... Holbrook Gaskell (5 March 1813, Wavertree near Liverpool – 8 March 1909, Much Woolton, Liverpool, was a British industrialist, art and plant collector. ... Henry Deacon (30 July 1822 – 23 July 1876) was a chemist and industrialist who established a chemical factory in Widnes, Lancashire, England. ... For other uses, see Iron (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... The Lachine Canal, in Montreal, is badly polluted Pollution is the release of harmful environmental contaminants, or the substances so released. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A by-product is a secondary or incidental product deriving from a manufacturing process or chemical reaction, and is not the primary product or service being produced. ...


The demand for workers meant that, in addition to people from other areas of the United Kingdom, large numbers of workers came from other countries. Initially these were Irish[20] but from the late 1880s significant numbers arrived from Poland and Lithuania who were fleeing from persecution and poverty in their home countries.[21] Immigrants also came from other areas, in particular Wales.[22] In 1890 the chemical companies making alkali by the Leblanc process combined to form the United Alkali Company. This involved practically all of the chemical industries in Widnes, which was considered to be the principal centre of the new company.[23] However during the 1890s the chemical business in Widnes went into decline as more efficient methods of making alkali were developed elsewhere.[24] United Alkali Company Limited British chemical company formed in 1890. ...


Recent history

During the early decades of the 20th century there was a revival, particularly as the United Alkali Company began to manufacture new products.[25] Improvements were being made to the structure of the town, in particular the opening of the Widnes-Runcorn Transporter Bridge in 1905 which gave the first direct link over the Mersey for road traffic.[26] By 1919 the health of the residents of the town was improving.[27] In the 1920s and 1930s there was further diversification of the chemical industry and the products it manufactured.[28] Slums were being replaced by more and better homes.[29] After World War II more slums were cleared and there was on-going growth and variation in the chemical industry. By the 1950s the town had 45 major chemical factories.[30] The Widnes-Runcorn Transporter Bridge crossed the river Mersey and Manchester Ship Canal linking the towns of Runcorn and Widnes. ...


In 1961 the Silver Jubilee Bridge replaced the outdated Transporter Bridge and in recent years many of the old heavy chemical factories have closed to be replaced by more modern factories. There has been reclamation of much of the land previously polluted by the old dirty chemical processes and there have been improvements in the cleanliness and environment of the town.[31] The Silver Jubilee Bridge is a compression arch suspended-deck bridge bridge built in 1961 between Runcorn (originally in Cheshire) and Widnes (originally in Lancashire), both now part of Halton. ...


Citizen Comments

Widnes smells.


Governance

From Saxon times Widnes was part of the hundred of West Derby. Modern local government in the town of Widnes commenced with the creation of the Widnes Local Board in 1865, prior to which the town had been part of the administrative district of Prescot.[32] In 1892 the town received a Charter of Incorporation giving it the status of a borough.[33] In 1974, as part of the Local Government Act 1972, Widnes Borough Council was abolished and its territory amalgamated with Runcorn to form the borough of Halton. Rather than being part of the historical county of Lancashire it is now a part of the ceremonial county of Cheshire. In 1998 the borough of Halton became a unitary authority.[34] For other uses, see Anglo-Saxon. ... A hundred is a geographic division used in England, Scandinavia, and some parts of the USA, which historically was used to divide a larger region into smaller administrative units. ... The hundred of West Derby (sometimes known as West Derbyshire, not to be confused with Derbyshire, which has a district formerly called West Derbyshire) is an ancient subdivision of Lancashire, covering the south-west of the county. ... Prescot is a town with the status of civil parish, 8 miles to the east of Liverpool in northwest England. ... Look up Borough in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c. ... A unitary authority is a type of local authority, which has a single tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area. ...


In 1885 Widnes became a parliamentary constituency and elected its first Member of Parliament.[33] Widnes is now in the European parliamentary constituency of North West England. The UK parliamentary constituency is Halton and the current Member of Parliament is Derek Twigg.[35] The local authority is the borough of Halton and the town is divided into nine electoral wards.[36] A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures, goals or loyalty. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ... Established 1952, as the Common Assembly President Hans-Gert Pöttering (EPP) Since 16 January 2007 Vice-Presidents 14 Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou (EPP) Alejo Vidal-Quadras (EPP) Gérard Onesta (Greens – EFA) Edward McMillan-Scott (ED) Mario Mauro (EPP) Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez (PES) Luigi Cocilovo (ALDE) Mechtild... North West England is a constituency of the European Parliament. ... Halton is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... John Derek Twigg (born 9 July 1959, Widnes) is a politician in the United Kingdom. ... A ward is an electoral district used in local politics, most notably in England, Scotland, and Wales, as well as Australia, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa and many cities in the United States and the federal district of Washington, DC. Wards are usually named after neighbourhoods...


Geography

Widnes is situated on the north bank of the River Mersey. The whole town is low-lying with some slightly higher areas in Farnworth and Appleton. To the south of the town a spur projecting into the river forms the West Bank area of Widnes; together with a spur projecting northwards from Runcorn these form Runcorn Gap, a narrowing of the River Mersey. Runcorn Gap is crossed by Runcorn Railway Bridge, carrying the Liverpool branch of the West Coast Main Line, and the Silver Jubilee Bridge, carrying the A533 road which then curves in a westerly direction towards Liverpool becoming the A562. The density of housing is generally high but there are some open green areas, including Victoria Park in Appleton and two golf courses which are geographically near the centre of the urban development. Most of the chemical and other factories are close to the north bank of the River Mersey. [37] A second crossing of the Mersey is planned, to be known as the Mersey Gateway.[38] Farnworth was a village in south Lancashire between Prescot and Penketh. ... The Runcorn Railway Bridge crosses the River Mersey from Runcorn to Widnes in Cheshire, England. ... The Silver Jubilee Bridge is a compression arch suspended-deck bridge bridge built in 1961 between Runcorn (originally in Cheshire) and Widnes (originally in Lancashire), both now part of Halton. ... The A533 road is a road linking Alsager in Cheshire, England with Runcorn, also in Cheshire. ...


Drainage of the Widnes area is into the Mersey via Dutton, Steward's and Bower's Brooks. The bedrock of the area is comprised of rock from the Sherwood sandstone group. There are a few outcrops of sandstone but elsewhere the bedrock is covered by drift. Most of this consists of till except near the bank of the Mersey where it is recent alluvium. Large areas are also covered by industrial waste.[39] Bedrock is the native consolidated rock underlying the Earths surface. ... Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth due to erosion by flash flooding over millions of years Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ... Outcrop is a geological term referring to the appearance of bedrock exposed at the surface of the Earth. ... In geology, drift is transported rock debris overlying the solid bedrock. ... Glacial till with tufts of grass Till is an unsorted glacial sediment. ... Alluvium (from the Latin, alluvius, from alluere, to wash against) is soil or sediments deposited by a river or other running water. ...


When borings were made in the 1870s prior to the building of chemical works a deep gorge measuring around 100 feet (30 m) was found in the bedrock which was filled with glacial deposits. From this it was concluded that before the Ice Age the Mersey had flowed in a more northerly course, and when it was blocked by glacial deposits it had made a new channel through Runcorn Gap.[40] Glacial till with tufts of grass Till is an unsorted glacial sediment. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ...


Being close to the west coast and the Irish Sea, the climate is generally temperate with few extremes of temperature or weather. The mean average temperature in the years 1971 to 2000 was 9.4 to 9.7°C, which was slightly above the average for the United Kingdom[41] as was the average amount of annual sunshine at 1391 to 1470 hours.[42] The average annual rainfall was 741 to 870 mm, which was slightly below the average for the UK.[43] The average number of days in the year when snow is on the ground is 0 to 6, which is low for the United Kingdom.[44] The average number of days of air frost is 2 to 39, which is also low.[45] Relief map of the Irish Sea. ... For the usage in virology, see temperate (virology). ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ...


Demography

Since the borough of Halton became a unitary authority in 1998, which resulted in its having one level of local government, demographic statistics have been collated for the authority as a whole, rather than separately for the towns of Runcorn and Widnes. While the two towns have different histories and come from different historic counties, their demographic features are similar.


The population of Halton in 2004 was 118,915 and it is the most densely populated district in Cheshire at 14.9 persons per hectare.[1]The change in population during the 20th century is shown in the following table.

Year 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Population 57,755 57,062 61,039 65,309 71,835 79,026 87,168 96,150 121,861 124,915 118,215
Source: [46]

In 2003 Halton had the largest proportion of the population in Cheshire in the age groups under 5, 5 to 15 and 16 to pension age and, at 16.1% the lowest proportion of people at pension age or older. At 1.2% the proportion of non-white ethnic groups in 2001 equalled the lowest in all local authorities in Cheshire. At 11.5 per 1,000 population, the live birth rate in Halton and Warrington, is the highest in the county. At 121 the standardised mortality ratio and at 21.5% the percentage of persons with limiting long-term illness are considerably the highest in Cheshire.[47]


There has been an increase in the number of households from 47,214 in 1991 to 52,501 in 2006. The average household size has reduced from 2.70 in 1991 to 2.44 in 2001. 89.8% of houses had central heating in 2001 compared with 75.8% in 2001. The type of housing has also changed with an increase from 15.5% to 19.2% in detached houses from 1991 to 2001, an increase over the same years in semi-detached houses from 30.0% to 33.0% and a corresponding decrease in terraced houses from 44.0% to 37.5%.[48] The percentage of dwellings in council tax bands A-B is, at 69% the highest in any Cheshire local authority while the percentages in bands E-F (8%) and G-H (1%) are the lowest.[49]


Economy

Greenoaks Centre
Greenoaks Centre

Widnes continues to be an industrial town and its major industry is still the manufacture of chemicals although there has been some diversification in recent years. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ...


There has been considerable development of shopping areas in the town. The most modern is the Greenoaks Centre, a mall which was opened in 1990. It is adjacent to the long-established Widnes Market which has both a market hall and an open market. Also adjacent is a Morrisons supermarket. Nearby are the Windmill shopping centre and the Albert Square shopping complex.[50] In the Simms Cross area an ASDA supermarket opened in 2004.[51] For other uses, see Morrison. ... This article is about the supermarket chain. ...


Landmarks

Catalyst Science Discovery Centre
Catalyst Science Discovery Centre

As a town with a relatively short history, Widnes has little if anything of historical interest. However reclamation of chemical factory sites and areas formerly polluted with chemical waste has given opportunities for developments. These include Victoria Promenade at West Bank, alongside the River Mersey, and Spike Island, now cleared of industry, which forms an open recreation area leading to footpaths along the former towpath of the Sankey Canal.[52] Adjacent to Spike Island occupying John Hutchinson's former Tower Building is the Catalyst Science Discovery Centre.[53] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... A towpath on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal A towpath is a road or track that runs alongside the banks of a river, canal or other inland waterway. ... John Hutchinson (1825 – 14 March 1865) was a chemist and industrialist who established the first chemical factory in Widnes, Lancashire, England. ...


Much of the architecture of the town is undistinguished but there are a number of listed buildings, many of them in the more outlying areas but some are scattered throughout the town. The listed churches are the Anglican churches of St Luke's, Farnworth (and its adjacent bridewell), and St Mary's, West Bank, the Roman Catholic churches of St Michael's, St Marie's and St Bede's, and the two chapels in the cemetery. The railway stations of Widnes North and Hough Green are listed, as are the former town hall and the former power house of the transporter bridge.[54] Buckingham Palace, a Grade I listed building. ... Anglicanism commonly refers to the beliefs and practices of the Anglican Communion, the churches that are in full communion with the see of Canterbury. ... St Lukes Church, Farnworth, Widnes is a parish church which dates back to the 12th century. ... Village lock-ups were temporary holding places for detaining people in rural parts of England and Wales. ... “Catholic Church” redirects here. ... A chapel is a private church, usually small and often attached to a larger institution such as a college, a hospital, a palace, or a prison. ... Castle Ashby Graveyard Northamptonshire A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. ... Passengers bustle around the typical grand edifice of Londons Broad Street station in 1865. ... For the railway station in Sydney, Australia, see Town Hall railway station, Sydney. ... For other uses, see Power station (disambiguation). ...


Transport

Widnes is on the southern route of the Liverpool to Manchester railway line. There are two stations, Hough Green and Widnes from which services are operated by Northern Rail and Central Trains. Northern Rail operate frequent services to Liverpool and Manchester city centre from Hough Green and Widnes. Central Trains link Widnes station at hourly intervals throughout the day to Liverpool, Manchester, Stockport, Sheffield, Nottingham and Norwich. However passengers to and from London, the Midlands and the South are likely to use Runcorn station and make the short journey across the Silver Jubilee Bridge by bus or taxi.[55] There are two Liverpool to Manchester Lines between the cities of Liverpool and Manchester in the north-west of England. ... Hough Green railway station is a railway station in the north of Widnes in Halton unitary authority in the north west of England. ... Widnes railway station is in the Halton unitary authority in the north west of England. ... Northern Rail is a train and railway operating company that has operated local services in the north of England since 2004. ... Central Trains rolling stock at Liverpool Lime Street railway station Central Trains is a train operating company in the United Kingdom, running local and long-distance services in central England. ... Stockport is a large town in the north west of England. ... For other uses, see Sheffield (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Nottingham (disambiguation). ... Norwich (IPA: //) is a city in East Anglia, in Eastern England. ...


Two bus companies provide local public transport services: Halton Transport and Arriva.[56] To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... An Arriva North West and Wales Dennis Dart SLF with Plaxton Pointer II bodywork, no. ...


The A562 road passes through Widnes linking Liverpool to the west with Penketh to the east. The A577 road passes though the town linking Runcorn to the south, via the Silver Jubilee Bridge, with the M62 motorway, some 2.5 miles (4 km) to the north.[57] The A562 is a road in the United Kingdom it runs to Liverpool from Penketh. ... Penketh is a Civil Parish and suburb in the West of Warrington Borough, in the United Kingdom. ... The route of the M62, in dark blue. ...


Widnes is 6 miles (10 km) from Liverpool John Lennon Airport and 25 miles (40 km) from Manchester Airport. Liverpool John Lennon Airport (IATA: LPL, ICAO: EGGP) is an airport serving the English city of Liverpool. ... For City Airport Manchester, UK, see City Airport Manchester. ...

Kingsway Learning Centre
Kingsway Learning Centre

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 466 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1881 × 2418 pixel, file size: 971 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 466 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1881 × 2418 pixel, file size: 971 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Education

There are nineteen primary schools in the town and three nursery schools. The four secondary schools are Fairfield High, Saints Peter & Paul Catholic College, The Bankfield School and Wade Deacon High School. The former colleges, Halton College and Widnes and Runcorn Sixth Form College, merged in 2006 to form the single Riverside College Halton. There are three special schools. Also in Widnes are the Saints Peter and Pauls City Learning Centre in Highfield Road and Woodview Child Development Centre in Crow Wood Lane.[58] Kingsway Learning Centre offers opportunites for Adult Learning, Basic Skills and Skills for Success.[59] A primary school in Český Těšín, Poland. ... Child picking up book. ... Secondary education - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... A special school is a school catering to students who have special educational needs (SEN), for example, because of learning difficulties or physical disabilities. ...


Religion

The 2001 census showed that of the people living in the borough of Halton, 83.8% declared themselves to be Christian, 8.7% stated that they had "no religion" and for 7.0% their religion was not stated. Those declaring other religions (Buddhism, Hinduism, Jewish, Islam, Sikh and "other religions") amounted to 0.5%.[60] Image:1870 census Lindauer Weber 01. ... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... A silhouette of a Buddha statue at Ayutthaya, Thailand. ... Hinduism (known as in modern Indian languages[1]) is a religious tradition[2] that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ...

St Mary's Church, West Bank
St Mary's Church, West Bank

The Anglican churches are administered by the Diocese of Liverpool.[61] The longest established church is St Luke's, Farnworth. The other Anglican churches are St Mary's in West Bank, St Paul's in Victoria Square, St John's in Greenway Road and St Ambrose in Halton View Road. The Anglicans share the building of St Michael's in Ditchfield Road with Hough Green Methodist Church. The Anglicans also share the building of All Saints in Hough Green Road with the Catholic church of St Basil's.[62] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1944 × 2592 pixel, file size: 909 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1944 × 2592 pixel, file size: 909 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Anglicanism commonly refers to the beliefs and practices of the Anglican Communion, the churches that are in full communion with the see of Canterbury. ... The Diocese of Liverpool is a Church of England diocese based in Liverpool, covering Merseyside north of the River Mersey along with West Lancashire and northern Warrington. ... St Lukes Church, Farnworth, Widnes is a parish church which dates back to the 12th century. ...


The Roman Catholic churches in Widnes are part of the Archdiocese of Liverpool.[63] There are seven churches in Widnes, namely St Bede's in Appleton, Our Lady of Perpetual Succour in Mayfield Avenue, St John Fisher in Moorfield Road, St Marie's in Lugsdale Road, St Michael's in St Michael's Road, St Pius X in Birchfield Road and St Raphael's in Liverpool Road.[62] Owing to a shortage of Catholic Priests and the "Leaving Safe Harbours" project in effect throughout the Archdiocese St Marie's was closed, the last Mass was celebrated on 6th January 2007[64]; the church however remains a listed building.[65] “Catholic Church” redirects here. ... The Archdiocese of Liverpool Logo incorporating The Official Crest The Archdiocese of Liverpool is a Roman Catholic archdiocese based in Liverpool, with the Archbishop of Liverpool. ...


Trinity Methodist Church is in Peelhouse Lane and there are Methodist churches in Farnworth and Halebank.[62] There is a Baptist church in Deacon Road and Evangelical Christian churches at The Foundry[66] in Lugsdale Road and in Ditton. The Jehovah's Witnesses have a Kingdom Hall in Moorfield Road and The Widnes National Spiritualist Church is in Lacey Road.[62] Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      For school of ancient Greek medicine... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Baptist is... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      The word evangelicalism often refers to... Kingdom Hall is the name of meeting places for Jehovahs Witnesses. ... // By 1853, when the popular song Spirit Rappings was published, Spiritualism was an object of intense curiosity. ...


Sports

The major sporting body in the town is Widnes Vikings Rugby League Football Club who play in the Co-operative National League 1 and were winners of the Northern Rail Cup in 2007.[67] Their home ground is Halton Stadium in Lowerhouse Lane, which is owned and run by Halton Borough Council. In addition to being a sporting ground it has facilities for conferences and banquetting.[68] In Heath Road is a rugby union club, Widnes Rugby Union Football Club.[69] Widnes Cricket Club have their ground in Beaconsfield Road. Moorfield Sports & Social Club in Moorfield Road hosts sports including Football, rugby league, cricket and bowls. There is a Widnes Ladies Hockey Club and in Highfield Road is a private golf club.[70] Other sports facilities are available.[71] Official website www. ... Wally Lewis passing the ball in Rugby League State of Origin. ...


Culture

The Queens Hall, which was a converted Methodist chapel, was in use as a theatre and concert hall until the opening of The Brindley in Runcorn. It is now closed and its future is uncertain. It is hoped that it will be possible to open another converted chapel nearby, the Queens Hall Studio, as a performance venue.[72] Widnes does not have a cinema at present but one is planned as part of the Widnes Waterfront development, which also promises an ice rink and a bowling centre.[73] The Brindley is an arts centre situated in the town of Runcorn which opened to great acclaim in autumn 2004. ...


There is a tradition that the song Homeward Bound was written by Paul Simon on a Widnes station.[74] However a quote from Paul Simon reads as follows "If you know Widnes, then you'll understand how I was desperately trying to get back to London as quickly as possible. Homeward Bound came out of that feeling."[75] From this it would appear that Widnes was the inspiration for the song rather than the venue for its writing. Homeward Bound is a 1966 song by Simon and Garfunkel. ... Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist, half of the folk-singing duo Simon and Garfunkel who continues a successful solo career. ...


Community facilities

The main library in Victoria Square has been refurbished.[76] In addition to the normal services provided by a library, this library holds a large collection of material relating to railways.[77] There is a branch library in the Ditton area of the town.[78]


Victoria Park is in the Appleton area of the town and has a number of attractions, including a cafeteria and refreshment kiosk, a bandstand, model boating lake, tennis and basketball courts, a skateboarding facility, glasshouses with a pets' corner and a butterfly house.[79] Hough Green Park is in the Ditton area of the town.[80] Crow Wood Park is in the eastern part of Widnes[81] and Sunnybank is a large area of open ground also in the eastern part of the town.[82] There are a number of nature reserves. Pickerings Pasture is an area of wildflower meadows overlooking the River Mersey which was built on the site of a former household and industrial landfill.[83] The other nature reserves in the town are Clincton Wood[84] and Hale Road Woodlands.[85] It has been suggested that Reserve design be merged into this article or section. ... Look up landfill in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


Kingsway Leisure Centre has a swimming pool and a gym.[86] There are a number of football,[87] cricket[88] and rugby league[89] clubs in the town. St Michael’s Golf Course was a municipal golf course which was built on reclaimed industrial waste land but high levels of arsenic have been found in the soil and at present it is closed.[90] There is a private golf club in Highfield Road.[91] Modern indoor gymnasium with pull-down basketball hoops. ... General Name, Symbol, Number arsenic, As, 33 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 15, 4, p Appearance metallic gray Standard atomic weight 74. ...


There is no hospital in Widnes. For acute medical care patients go to Warrington Hospital which is administered by the North Cheshire Hospitals NHS Trust[92] or to Whiston Hospital which is administered by the St Helens & Knowsley NHS Trust.[93] Primary care services are provided by the Halton and St Helens Primary Care Trust. This is in a state of change following the recent merger of the Halton and the St Helens Primary Care Trusts. General practitioner services are provided in health centres and in separate medical practices. There are dental practices providing a mixture of National Health Service and private dental care.[94] Many services in the National Health Service in the United Kingdom are provided by NHS Trusts. ... A general practitioner (GP), family physician or family practitioner (FP) is a physician/medical doctor who provides primary care. ...


Notable people

Three men born in or near the village of Farnworth achieved prominent positions in the Anglican church. They were William Smyth (c.1460-1514) who became Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, then Bishop of Lincoln and who built the grammar school in the village, Richard Barnes (1532-1587) who became Bishop of Carlisle, then Bishop of Durham, and Richard Bancroft (1544-1610) who became Bishop of London and then Archbishop of Canterbury.[9] Anglicanism commonly refers to the beliefs and practices of the Anglican Communion, the churches that are in full communion with the see of Canterbury. ... William Smyth could be William Smyth, bishop of Lincoln William Smyth, a professor of mathematics at Bowdoin College William Smyth, bishop William Smyth (or Smith) (c. ... Arms of the Bishop of Lichfield The Bishop of Lichfield is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Lichfield in the Province of Canterbury. ... Arms of the Bishop of Lincoln The Bishop of Lincoln heads the Anglican Diocese of Lincoln in the Province of Canterbury. ... A grammar school is a school that may, depending on regional usage as exemplified below, provide either secondary education or, a much less common usage, primary education (also known as elementary). Grammar schools trace their origins back to medieval Europe, as schools in which university preparatory subjects, such as Latin... Richard Barnes (1532–1587) was an Anglican priest who served as a bishop in the Church of England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. He was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, where he was elected a fellow in 1552, and received his MA in 1557 and his DD... Arms of the Bishop of Carlisle The Bishop of Carlisle heads the Anglican Diocese of Carlisle in the Province of York, in England. ... The Bishop of Durham is the officer of the Church of England responsible for the diocese of Durham, one of the oldest in the country. ... Archbishop Richard Bancroft, DD , BD , MA , BA (1544 - November 2, 1610), archbishop of Canterbury, was born at Farnworth in Lancashire in 1544. ... Arms of the Bishop of London The Bishop of London is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of London in the Province of Canterbury. ... The Archbishop of Canterbury is the spiritual leader and senior clergyman of the Church of England, recognized by convention as the head of the worldwide Anglican Communion. ...

The Hollies, home of Ludwig Mond from 1867 to 1873
The Hollies, home of Ludwig Mond from 1867 to 1873

During the late 19th century a number of prominent chemists and industrialists lived in Widnes. Amongst these was Ludwig Mond, co-founder of Brunner Mond & Company. He lived in The Hollies, Farnworth and there his two sons were born, both of whom became notable. Sir Robert Mond (1867-1938) became a chemist and archaeologist and his younger brother Alfred Mond, 1st Baron Melchett (1868-1930) became an industrialist, financier and politician.[95] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Dr Ludwig Mond (born March 7, 1839, Kassel; died December 11, 1909, London) was an important German-born British chemist and industrialist. ... Brunner Mond is a British-based chemical company that is part of Tata Chemicals Limited, a subsidary of the Tata Group of India. ... Sir Robert Ludwig Mond (9 September 1867 - 22 October 1938) was a British chemist. ... The Iconoclart Sir Alfred Mond. ...


Charles Glover Barkla (1877-1944) who was born in Widnes was the winner of the 1917 Nobel prize in physics.[96] Thomas Mottershead (1893-1917), also born in Widnes, joined the Royal Flying Corps in World War I. He was awarded the Victoria Cross and the Distinguished Conduct Medal posthumously for his gallantry.[97] Another Widnes man, Thomas Wilkinson (1898-1942) of the Royal Naval Reserve, was awarded the Victoria Cross posthumously in World War II.[98] Charles Glover Barkla (June 7, 1877 – October 23, 1944) was a British physicist. ... Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995) accepting the Nobel Prize for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... Photo submitted by Annabel Mottershead Photo by Terry Macdonald Thomas Mottershead (VC, DCM) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. ... The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) was the over-land air arm of the British military during most of World War I. // Formed by Royal Warrant on 13 May 1912, the RFC superseded the Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Victoria Cross (disambiguation). ... The Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM) was (until 1993) the second level military decoration awarded other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to non-commissioned personnel of other Commonwealth countries. ... Thomas Wilkinson of Widnes was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...


Jack Ashley (b 1922) was born in Widnes and was a local councillor there. He was then a Member of Parliament for Stoke-on-Trent for many years. He became a Companion of Honour in 1975 and was invested as a Privy Councillor in 1979. In 1992 he was made a life peer as Baron Ashley of Stoke, of Widnes in the County of Cheshire.[99] Gordon Oakes (1931-2005) who was born and educated in Widnes became a local Member of Parliament and a government minister.[100] Jack Ashley, Baron Ashley of Stoke, CH PC (born 6 December 1922), is a Labour member of the House of Lords. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ... This page is about Stoke-on-Trent in England. ... The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order (decoration). ... A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, especially in a monarchy. ... In the United Kingdom, Life Peers are appointed members of the Peerage whose titles may not be inherited (those whose titles are inheritable are known as hereditary peers). ... The Right Honourable Gordon James Oakes (22 June 1931 – 15 August 2005) was a member of the British House of Commons for Bolton West from 1964 to 1970 and successively for Widnes (to 1983) and Halton from a 1971 by-election until 1997. ...


In more recent years Mark Metcalfe (b 1987), who received part of his education in Widnes, is a former Odds member who was known as Marko or The Legend. Andrew Higginson (b. 1977) is a professional snooker player from Widnes.[101] Melanie Chisholm (b. 1974), who received part of her education in Widnes, is a former Spice Girl who was known as Mel C or Sporty Spice.[102] Andrew Higginson is a professional snooker player from Cheshire, England, born on 13 December 1977. ... Melanie Jayne Chisholm (born 12 January 1974 in Whiston, Merseyside) is an English singer, songwriter and television personality most famous as one of the five members of English girl group the Spice Girls, where she is known as Sporty Spice. She is also known as Melanie C or Mel C... The Spice Girls are an English all-female pop group, which was formed in London in 1994. ...


See also

Widnes has a number of listed buildings. ...

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b Halton Population. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-25.
  2. ^ a b Hardie, pp. 25-41.
  3. ^ a b Poole, p. 5.
  4. ^ Diggle. p. 2.
  5. ^ Whimperley, p. 11.
  6. ^ Poole, pp. 5-6, 226-227.
  7. ^ Whimperley, p. 12.
  8. ^ Poole, pp. 7-8.
  9. ^ a b Foster, Alan, A History of Farnworth Church, its Parish and Village, 1981.
  10. ^ Poole, p. 107.
  11. ^ Diggle, pp. 12-15.
  12. ^ Whimperley, p. 73.
  13. ^ Diggle, pp. 17-19.
  14. ^ Diggle, p20
  15. ^ Greatbatch, M. L. and Mercer, P. J., Spike Island, Halton Borough Council.
  16. ^ Whimperley, p. 132.
  17. ^ Whimperley, p. 107.
  18. ^ Daily News quoted by Diggle, p. 71.
  19. ^ Daily Mail quoted in Diggle, p. 105.
  20. ^ Morris, p. 73ff.
  21. ^ Morris, pp. 114, 125.
  22. ^ Morris, p. 157ff.
  23. ^ Hardie, p. 149.
  24. ^ Diggle, pp. 83-84.
  25. ^ Diggle, p. 106.
  26. ^ Diggle, pp. 111-112.
  27. ^ Diggle, p. 138.
  28. ^ Diggle, p. 146.
  29. ^ Diggle, pp. 151-152
  30. ^ Diggle, pp. 171-172.
  31. ^ Whimperley, pp.176-188.
  32. ^ Whimperley, pp. 199-121.
  33. ^ a b Whimperley, p. 125.
  34. ^ Whimperley, p. 180.
  35. ^ MPs. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-25.
  36. ^ Local Democracy. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-25.
  37. ^ Ordnance Survey, Explorer 275 map
  38. ^ The Mersey Gateway. New Mersey Gateway. Retrieved on 2007-03-26.
  39. ^ Contaminated Land: Strategy for Inspection (PDF) 37–38. Halton Borough Council (2003-09-04). Retrieved on 2007-04-25.
  40. ^ Poole, pp. 1-5.
  41. ^ Mean Temperature: Annual Average 1971–2000. Met Office. Retrieved on 2007-03-30.
  42. ^ Sunshine Duration: Annual Average 1971–2000. Met Office. Retrieved on 2007-03-30.
  43. ^ Rainfall Amount: Annual Average 1971–2000. Met Office. Retrieved on 2007-03-30.
  44. ^ Days of Snow Lying: Annual Average 1971–2000. Met Office. Retrieved on 2007-03-30.
  45. ^ Days of Air Frost: Annual Average 1971–2000. Met Office. Retrieved on 2007-03-30.
  46. ^ Halton UA: Total Population. A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved on 2007-04-07.
  47. ^ National Statistics:Region in Figures, North West Winter 2004/05, pp24, 26, accessed 4 April 2007
  48. ^ Halton Unitary in Figures. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-04.
  49. ^ Phillpotts, Greg; Dan Cohen (Eds.) (2005). Region in Figures: North West (PDF) 106. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved on 2007-04-07.
  50. ^ Greenoaks. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  51. ^ Johanna's gran-d opening of new Asda. Guardian Series. Newsquest Media Group (2004-08-11). Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  52. ^ Waterfront sites and promenades in Halton. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  53. ^ Catalyst Science Discovery Centre. Catalyst. Retrieved on 2007-04-25.
  54. ^ Listed buildings in Halton. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-25.
  55. ^ Rail Information. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  56. ^ Bus information. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  57. ^ Ordnance Survey, Explorer 275 map
  58. ^ Education and Learning. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  59. ^ Kingsway Learning Centre. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  60. ^ Religion, Census 2001: Key Statistics for the rural and urban area classification 2004. National Statistics. Retrieved on 2007-04-02.
  61. ^ The Diocese of Liverpool. Diocese of Liverpool. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  62. ^ a b c d Churches in Widnes. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  63. ^ The Archdiocese of Liverpool. Archdiocese of Liverpool. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  64. ^ Short, Adrian (2007-02-15). Parishioners told closure is permanent. Runcorn & Widnes Weekly News. Trinity Mirror North West & North Wales Limited. Retrieved on 2007-09-28.
  65. ^ Cheveau, Ian (2007-01-04). Saved. Widnes Weekly News. Trinity Mirror North West & North Wales Limited. Retrieved on 2007-09-28.
  66. ^ Church @ The Foundry. The Foundry. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  67. ^ Widnes Vikings. Widnes Vikings RLFC. Retrieved on 2007-09-26. The name "Vikings" is an association with the supposed presence of Vikings in Cuerdley (see Early history).
  68. ^ Halton Stadium. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
  69. ^ Widnes RUFC. Widnes Rubgy Union Football Club. Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
  70. ^ Widnes Golf Club. Widnes Golf Club. Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
  71. ^ Sports in Halton. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
  72. ^ Chance to breathe new life into Studio. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  73. ^ Widnes Waterfront Economic Development Zone. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  74. ^ Information about Widnes. Event Transport Accommodation. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  75. ^ Homeward Bound. Simon and Garfunkel Homepage. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  76. ^ Widnes Library. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  77. ^ Cornucopia: Railway collection. Museums, Libraries and Archives Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  78. ^ Ditton Library. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  79. ^ Victoria Park. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  80. ^ Hough Green Park. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  81. ^ Crow Wood Park. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  82. ^ Sunnybank. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  83. ^ Pickerings Pasture. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  84. ^ Clincton Wood. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  85. ^ Hale Road Woodlands. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  86. ^ Kingsway Leisure Centre. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  87. ^ Football. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  88. ^ Cricket. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  89. ^ Rugby League. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  90. ^ St Michael’s Golf Course. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  91. ^ Widnes Golf Club. Halton Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  92. ^ Warrington Hospital. North Cheshire Hospitals NHS Trust. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  93. ^ Whiston Hospital. St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  94. ^ Halton & St. Helens Primary Care Trust. Healthcare Commission. Retrieved on 2007-09-29.
  95. ^ Greenaway, Frank, 'Mond family (per. 1867-1973)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; [1] accessed 9 March 2007.
  96. ^ Falconer, Isobel, 'Barkla, Charles Glover (1877–1944)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [2] Accessed 28 April 2007
  97. ^ Sgt Thomas Mottershead VC. Halton Royal British Legion. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
  98. ^ British and Dominion Navies - Victoria Cross at Sea, 1940-1945. Naval History.net. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
  99. ^ Jack Ashley, Baron Ashley of Stoke. Second Site. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
  100. ^ Davies, Bryan (2005-08-22). Gordon Oakes: Labour frontbencher of the 1970s. Obituary. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
  101. ^ Euro Player Profile: Andrew Higginson. European Billiards & Snooker Association. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
  102. ^ Melanie Chisholm Picture, Profile, Gossip, and News. CelebrityWonder.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 115th day of the year (116th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 115th day of the year (116th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 115th day of the year (116th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Part of an Ordnance Survey map at 1 inch to the mile scale from 1945 Ordnance Survey (OS) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom government. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... March 26 is the 85th day of the year (86th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 115th day of the year (116th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 115th day of the year (116th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 115th day of the year (116th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Part of an Ordnance Survey map at 1 inch to the mile scale from 1945 Ordnance Survey (OS) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom government. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 234th day of the year (235th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Bibliography used for notes

  • Poole, Charles (1906). Old Widnes and its Neighbourhood. Widnes: Swale. 
  • Hardie, D. W. F. (1950). A History of the Chemical Industry in Widnes. London: Imperial Chemical Industries Limited. 
  • Diggle, Rev. G. E. (1961). A History of Widnes. Widnes: Corporation of Widnes. 
  • Whimperley, Arthur (1991). Widnes Through the Ages. Halton: Halton Borough Council. 
  • Morris, Jean M. (2005). Into the Crucible. Countryvise Limited. ISBN 1 901231 61 5. 

Further bibliography

  • (1978) The Bridging of Runcorn Gap. Halton: Halton Borough Council. 
  • Cowan, C. A. (1990). Crossing the Runcorn Gap, Vol. 1: Runcorn Ferry and Hale Ford. Halton: Halton Borough Council. 
  • Cowan, C. A. (1992). Crossing the Runcorn Gap, Vol. 2: Early Bridging Proposals. Halton: Halton Borough Council. 
  • Cowan, C. A. (1990). Crossing the Runcorn Gap, Vol. 3: Runcorn Railway Bridge. Halton: Halton Borough Council. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
v • d • e
The Borough of Halton, Cheshire
Principal Settlements Runcorn • Widnes
Civil Parishes Daresbury • Hale • Moore • Preston Brook
Unparished Areas Runcorn • Widnes
v • d • e
Ceremonial county of Cheshire
Cheshire Portal
Unitary authorities Halton • Warrington
Boroughs/Districts Chester • Congleton • Crewe and Nantwich • Ellesmere Port and Neston • Macclesfield • Vale Royal
Cities/Towns Alsager • Bollington • Birchwood • Chester • Congleton • Crewe • Ellesmere Port • Frodsham • Knutsford • Macclesfield • Middlewich • Nantwich • Neston • Northwich • Runcorn • Sandbach • Warrington • Widnes • Wilmslow • Winsford
See also: List of civil parishes in Cheshire

  Results from FactBites:
 
Widnes St Maries - amature rugby football in Widnes (430 words)
Widnes Saints won 28-22 against Rossington and play Bedford Tigers in the final at Coventry this Sunday 09.09.07 at 2.00 pm.
Widnes Saints defeated Edinburgh Eagles 70 - 12 and now face Rossington Sharks of Worksop in the National Semi-Final Play-offs SUNDAY September 2nd 2007 at Rochdale Mayfield ground at 2.00 pm.
Widnes St Maries put up a brave showing against Batley Bulldogs in the Challenge Cup but were unable to produce a giant killing act losing 60 - 6.
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Widnes R.U.F.C. is an amateur sports club, managed and administered by volunteers.
I am proud and honoured to be President of Widnes RUFC for the 2007/8 season.
Junior rugby continued to do well, but there are some ominous gaps in year groups which are tempting Widnes boys to play for other clubs in the area.
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