| History of Synchrotron Radiation Sources (4050 words) |
 | With synchrotron radiation available at wavelengths in the x-ray region down to 0.1 Å, experimenters at DESY were able to carefully check the spectral distribution against Schwinger's theory, as well as begin absorption measurements of metals and alkali halides and of photoemission in aluminum. |
| Wigglers are similar to undulators but generally have higher fields and fewer dipoles, with the result that they produce a continuous spectrum with a higher flux and a spectrum that extends to shorter wavelengths than bend magnets. |
| Together, wigglers and undulators are called insertion devices because they are placed in one of the generally empty straight sections that connect the curved arcs of large storage rings, where the magnets that guide and focus the electron beam reside. |
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