Wilfred I, called the Hairy (Vifredo el Velloso, also Wilfredo, Wifredo, Guifredo, or Guilfredo in Spanish and Guifré el Pilós in Catalan), was de facto count of Urgel (870-897), Cerdagne (870-897), Barcelona (878-897), Gerona (878-897), Besalú (878-897), and Ausona (886-897); he was not, however, count de jure until 878. Catalan (Català) or Valencian (Valencià) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra and co-official in several regions of Spain. ... Urgell is one of the historical Catalan counties, bordering on the counties of Pallars and Cerdanya. ... Events February 28 - End of the Fourth Council of Constantinople. ... Events January - the Cadaver Synod July/August- Pope Stephen VII dies and is succeeded by Pope Romanus. ... Cerdagne (Catalan: Cerdanya; French: Cerdagne; Spanish: Cerdaña) is a small region of the eastern Pyrenees divided between France and Spain and which is historically one of the counties of Catalonia. ... Events February 28 - End of the Fourth Council of Constantinople. ... Events January - the Cadaver Synod July/August- Pope Stephen VII dies and is succeeded by Pope Romanus. ... History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain - Visigoths - Al-Andalus - Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Transition to Democracy Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History... Events The Danes force king Alfred the Great of Wessex to retreat to a fort in Athelney, Somerset. ... Events January - the Cadaver Synod July/August- Pope Stephen VII dies and is succeeded by Pope Romanus. ... Houses on the Onyar river in Girona Girona (Catalan: Girona, Spanish: Gerona, French: Gérone) is a city located in the northeast of Catalonia, Spain, at the confluence of the rivers Ter and Onyar. ... Events The Danes force king Alfred the Great of Wessex to retreat to a fort in Athelney, Somerset. ... Events January - the Cadaver Synod July/August- Pope Stephen VII dies and is succeeded by Pope Romanus. ... Besalú is a medieval town in the Catalan comarca of Garrotxa, in Catalonia. ... Events The Danes force king Alfred the Great of Wessex to retreat to a fort in Athelney, Somerset. ... Events January - the Cadaver Synod July/August- Pope Stephen VII dies and is succeeded by Pope Romanus. ... Osona (also, in the Early Middle Ages, Ausona) is one of the historical Catalan counties and the corresponding bishopric, whose territory was roughly the current comarca of Osona, capital Vic. ... Events The Glagolitic alphabet, devised by Cyril and Methodius, missionairies from Constantinople, is adopted in the Bulgarian Empire. ... Events January - the Cadaver Synod July/August- Pope Stephen VII dies and is succeeded by Pope Romanus. ...

Wilfred was of Gothic lineage of the region of Carcassone. Traditionally, he was born near Prades in the county of Conflent, now Rià, in Rousillon, France. Count of Urgel and Cerdagne since 870, he received the counties of Barcelona, Gerona, and Besalú in 878 from the Carolingian king of France, Louis the Stammerer. His reign coincided with the crumbling of Carolingian authority and unity. He was thus the last count of the Hispanic March appointed by the French king and the first to transmit his vast holdings as an inheritance to his sons (nonetheless sanctioned by the monarch). For all of this he is generally regard as the founder of an independant Catalonia. The Visigoths were one of two main branches of the Goths, the Ostrogoths being the other. ... For other uses of the name Carcassonne, see Carcassonne (disambiguation). ... Thomas Mertons birthplace in Prades Prades (Prada de Conflent in Catalan) is a commune and a sous-préfecture of the Pyrénées-Orientales département, in southwestern France. ... Conflent is a Catalan comarca in North Catalonia, and currently under French administration. ... Mount Canigou (2785m), a Catalan landmark Roussillon (Catalan Rosselló; Spanish Rosellón) is one of the historical Catalan Countries corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French département of Pyrénées-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees). ... Barcelona within Barcelonès Population (2003) 1,582,738 Area 100. ... The Carolingians (also known as the Carlovingians) were a dynasty of rulers that eventually controlled the Frankish realm and its successors from the 8th to the 10th century, officially taking over the kingdoms from the Merovingian dynasty in 751. ... The following list of French monarchs is one of several Wikipedia lists of incumbents. ... Louis the Stammerer (November 1, 846 – April 10, 879), also known as Louis II and Louis le Begue, was the son of Charles II and Ermentrude of Orléans. ... Name assigned to the territories under frankish dominance in the south of the Pyrennes, that for the Arabs was the Upper Mark. ... Capital Barcelona Official languages Spanish and Catalan In Val dAran, also Aranese. ...

Some of his most important acts were the repopulation of the long depopulated no-man's land around Vic (the county of Ausona, a frontier between Christian and Moslem), the reestablishment of the bishopric of Vic, and the foundation of the monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll, where he is buried. The abbreviation/acronym VIC (all caps) may have one of several meanings, depending on context: A code for Victoria, Australia The Video Interface Chip from MOS Technology, used in the Commodore VIC-20 home computer (VIC sometimes colloquially refers to the VIC-20 computer itself, or to the VIC chip... The history of Christianity is difficult to extricate from that of the European West (and several other culture-regions) in general. ... Islām is described as a dÄ«n, meaning way of life and/or guidance. Six articles of belief There are six basic beliefs shared by all Muslims: 1. ... Ripoll Ripoll is the capital of the comarca (county) of Ripollès, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. ...

Origins

According to legend, he was the son of Wilfred of Arriaount Wilfred of Arri, a county near Prades. His father was murdered by Salomón and Wilfred became his avenger, killing the assassin. Nevertheless, at the time of Ramón de Abadal's study, he was considered to be the son of Sunifred I of Barcelona, count of many counties under Louis the Pious and Charles the Bald. Sunifred was the son of Belló, count of Carcassonne during the reign of Charlemagne. Thus, as a descendant of Sunifred and his brother, Sunyer I, count of Ampurias and Rousillon (834-848), he was a member of the Bellonid dynasty. Sunifred I, or Suinifredo in Spanish and Sunyer in Catalan, was the count of many Catalan and Septimanian counties; includingAusona, Besalú, Gerona, Narbonne, Agde, Béziers, Lodève, Melgueil, Cerdagne, Urgel, Conflent, and Nîmes; and count of Barcelona from 844 to 848. ... Louis the Pious doing penance at Attigny in 822. ... Charles the Bald - Detail from a painting in the First Bible of Charles the Bald, painted ca. ... The walled city of Carcassonne Location within France Carcassonne (Carcassona in Occitan) is a fortified French city, in the Aude département, of which it is the préfecture, in the former province of Languedoc. ... Charlemagne (ca. ... Count of Empúries and Rosselló (with the pagus of Perelada) 834-841 Was son of the count Belló I of Carcasonne Deposed in 841 due to a new policy of the Frankish Emperor, he deceased in 848. ... The County of Empúries was a Medieval county centered around the town of Empúries, and that bear enclosed the region of Peralada. ... Events First Viking raid of Dorestad. ... Events The Borobudur is completed. ... The Bellonid Dynasty (in Catalan Bel·lònides and in Spanish Bellónidas) was a Catalan dynasty, the descendants of the Goth Belló who ruled in Urgel, Cerdagne, Conflent, Barcelona, and numerous other Catalan and Septimanian counties and marches in the ninth century and whose most famous son was Wilfred...

In the dynastic struggles that accompanied the three years between Louis the Pious' death (840) and the Treaty of Verdun (843), the count of Barcelona (and many other margravates and counties: Septimania, Gerona, Narbonne, Béziers, Agde, Melgueil, Nîmes, and Toulouse) Bernard of Septimania, aligned with Pepin II of Aquitaine, while the Bellonids maintained their allegiance to Charles the Bald. In 844, after taking Toulouse and capturing Bernard, Charles had him executed. In exchange for his fealty, Charles gave the dead count's honours of Barcelona, Gerona, Narbonne, Nîmes, Agde, Béziers, and Melgueil to Sunifred. Events After the death of Louis the Pious, his sons Lothar, Charles the Bald and Louis the German fight over the division of the empire, with Lothair succeding as Emperor. ... In the Treaty of Verdun of 843 the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious divided his territories, the Carolingian Empire, into three kingdoms. ... Events Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian empire between the 3 sons of Louis the Pious. ... Septimania was the western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed under the control of the Visigothic kingdom in 462, when Septimania was ceded to Theodoric II, king of the Visigoths. ... Girona (Catalan: Girona, Spanish: Gerona, French: Gérone) is a city located in the northwest of Catalonia, Spain on the confluence of the rivers Ter and Onyar. ... Cathedral in Narbonne. ... Béziers (Besièrs in Occitan, and Besiers in Catalan) is a town in Languedoc, in the southwest of France. ... Agde is a commune of the Hérault département, in southern France. ... Melguelh is the Occitan name of a French town named Melgueil in French language (todays Mauguio). ... Location within France Nîmes is a city and commune of southern France, préfecture (capital) of the Gard département. ... After the Visigothic Kings of Aquitaine (409-508), the Merovingian kings were kings and dukes in Aquitaine and dukes of Toulouse. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Events Succession of Pope Sergius II (844 - 847). ... The Capitole, the 18th century city hall of Toulouse and best known landmark in the city; in the foreground is the Place du Capitole, a hub of urban life at the very center of the city Toulouse (pronounced in standard French, in local Toulouse accent) (Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced ) is a...

In 848, William, son of Bernard, was named count of Toulouse and Ampurias by Pepin II. He quickly moved to eliminate Sunifred and Sunyer. Events The Borobudur is completed. ... Empúries is a town in the Mediterranean coast of the Catalan comarca of Empordà. It was founded by the ancient Greeks with the name of Emporion (that is market). ...

Investiture

The Bellonid dynasty was revived slightly by the appointment of Dela and Sunyer II, sons of Sunyer I, to the countship of Ampurias in 862. Next, Charles the Bald made their cousins, Wilfred the Hairy and his brother Miró (known as the Old), counts respectively of Urgel and Cerdagne, and Conflent in June, 870 at an assembly at Attigny. For in that year, the mysteriously ill-chronicled Salomón, count of Urgel, Cerdagne, and Conflent, had died. Events Rurik gained control of Novgorod. ... June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with a length of 30 days The month is named after the Roman goddess Juno, wife of Jupiter and equivalent to the Greek goddess Hera. ...

Wilfred came into possession of Barcelona through the his service to the king against the rebel Bernard of Gothia, count of Barcelona, Rousillon, and numerous other Septimanian counties. Wilfred, Miró, their brother Sunifred (afterwards abbot of Arles), and the viscount of Narbonne, Lindoí, marched against Bernard on behalf of Charles the Bald and his son, Louis the Stammerer. In March and April of 878, they defeated the nobles faithful to Bernard, like Sigebuto, bishop of Narbonne, and expelled all partisan priests from the churches there. At the Council of Troyes in August that year, presided over by Pope John VIII and King Louis II the Stammerer, Wilfred was formally invested with Urgel and Cerdagne, Miró with Conflent, Sunyer with Ampurias, and Oliba II with Carcassonne. On September 11, Bernard was dispossessed of his counties and the bishops of Elna, Urgel, Gerona, and Barcelona were confirmed in their sees. Bernard's honours were dispensed to Wilfred (Barcelona, Ausona, Besalú, and Gerona) and Miró (Roussillon) and the counties of Narbonne, Béziers, and Agde were separated from that of Barcelona. Sunifred was made abbot of Arles and Riculf bishop of Elna. Wilfred immediately ceded Besalú to his brother Radulph (878-920). Map of western Mediterranean, showing location of Arles Arles (Arle in Provençal) is a city in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône département, of which it is a sous-préfecture, in the former province of Provence. ... March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... Look up April in Wiktionary, the free dictionary April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... There have been a number of councils held at Troyes: 867 - proclaimed that no bishop could be disposed without reference to Holy See 1128 - convened by Pope Honorius II: recognized and confirmed the Order of the Knights Templar solved disputes involving the Bishop of Paris Categories: Stub ... Note: as an adjective (stressed on the second syllable instead of the first), august means honorable. ... The Pope (from Greek: pappas, father; from Latin: papa, Papa, father) is the successor of St. ... John VIII can refer to: John VIII Palaeologus Pope John VIII This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... September 11 is the 254th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (255th in leap years). ... Events The golden age of the Empire of Ghana began in Africa. ...

Intervention in Ausona

After the investiture of 878, Wilfred's lands stretched from the Pyrenees to the coast, from Urgel and Cerdagne to Barcelona and Gerona. This was the first time since the reign of his father (which ended in 848) that these different geographies had been united politically and the only other time within that century. The land between these regions—Ripollés, Vall de Lord, Bergueda, Lluçanès, the Plana de Vic, Moianès, Guilleries, and Bagés—had long been depopulated; since the rebellion of Aissó. Central Pyrenees The Pyrenees (French: Pyrénées; Spanish: Pirineos; Occitan: Pirenèus or Pirenèas; Catalan Pirineus; Aragonese: Perinés; Basque: Pirinioak) are a range of mountains in southwest Europe that form a natural border between France and Spain. ... Ripoll Ripoll is the capital of the comarca (county) of Ripollès, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. ... Berga is the capital of the comarca (county) of Berguedà, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Wilfred embarked on the process of repopulating these territories with immigrants from the heavily populated mountain regions—Pallars, Urgel, and Cerdagne—to which people had fled in the two centuries between the collapses respectively of Visigothic and Carolingian authority. Wilfred's plan involved repopulating and subsequently annexing the counties to already extant counties he controlled. Thus, Vall de Lord went to Urgel and Berga to Cerdagne. The remaining counties of the territory—Ripollés, Lluçanès, the Plana de Vic, and Guilleries—centred aroung Ausona (the city), had a unique ethnic and cultural history for the people were the descendants of an ancient tribe. Wilfred formed the county of Ausona out of this distinct region. To this he attached Moianés and Bagés, the lands around Manresa, which were distinct in their history themselves. In 885, Wilfred designated a viscount to exercise power during his absence from Ausona, then the frontier with the Moslems. Pallars is one of the historical Catalan counties, collindant with the county of Ribagorça and the county of Urgell. ... Manresa is the capital of the Bages comarca (county), located in the geographic center of Catalonia and crossed by the river Cardener. ... Events Vikings besiege Paris Stephen VI elected pope Oldest known mentioning of Baky Births Emperor Daigo of Japan Deaths Pope Adrian III April 6: Saint Methodius, bishop and Bible translator Categories: 885 ...

The ecclesiastic state of the region was no better than its political state, the parishes largely remaining outside of the universal hierarchy. Wilfred brought the parishes of Bergueda and Vall de Lord within the sphere of the geographically proximal diocese of Urgel. However, it was necessary to reestablish the lapsed bishopric of Ausona. Consulting the archbishop of Narbonne, metropolitan of Catalonia, in 886, he received permission to install the priest Gotmar in the diocese of Ausona. The new bishop immediately set about restoring the repopulated city (devastated and in ruins since the Moslem conquest and the rebellion of Aissó) and its cathedral. Wilfred himself founded two new monasteries: Santa María de Ripoll (880) and San Juan de las Abadesas (885). The churches in the region gained much power and privilege, including the right to elect their own abbots in the tradition of Saint Benedict. Wilfred's daughter, Emma, became abbess of San Juan in 899 and received from king Charles the Simple immunity from comital jurisdiction and in 913 recognition of all its occupied lands. The Bishop of Urgell is the Roman Catholic bishop for Urgell in Catalonia, Spain and also the ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra. ... Events The Glagolitic alphabet, devised by Cyril and Methodius, missionairies from Constantinople, is adopted in the Bulgarian Empire. ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... A cathedral is a Christian church building, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy (such as the Roman Catholic Church or the Lutheran or Anglican churches), which serves as the central church of a diocese. ... A monastery is the habitation of monks, derived from the Greek word for a hermits cell. ... For other uses, see number 880. ... Events Vikings besiege Paris Stephen VI elected pope Oldest known mentioning of Baky Births Emperor Daigo of Japan Deaths Pope Adrian III April 6: Saint Methodius, bishop and Bible translator Categories: 885 ... This article is about Saint Benedict of Nursia, for other uses of the name Benedict see Benedict (disambiguation) Saint Benedict of Nursia (c. ... Events Edward the Elder becomes King of England. ... Events The Shiite Fatimid state in modern day Tunisia launches a failed military campaign against Egypt Births Deaths Eadwulf, Anglo-Saxon Earl of Bernicia who ruled the land north of the Tees Alexander III of Byzantium Categories: 913 ...

Carolingian Crisis

When Louis the Stammerer died (879), the kingdom was divided between his two young sons: Louis III received the ancient northern partitions of the Merovingian kingdom, Neustria and Austrasia (including Lorraine), and Carloman received the southern partitions, Burgundy and Aquitaine (including Septimania). The problems plaguing the throne were exacerbated when both Louis (882) and Carloman (884) died soon after their succession. Not wanting to crown Louis the Stammerer's remaining son, Charles the Simple, of only five years, the nobles of France looked about for a powerful man who could defend the land from the fearsome Vikings and their vicious raids on the Channel and Atlantic coasts. At the Assembly of Ponthion (884), the Franks chose Holy Roman Emperor Charles the Fat, already king of Germany and Italy. Charles, son of Louis the German, therefore became the first person since the death of Louis the Pious to reign over the entire realm of his illustrious great-grandfather. He would also be the last. Imcapable of much, he was lethargic and probably suffered from epilepsy. He came down in November, 885 with a grand army to fight off the Norsemen besieging Paris. Instead, however, he bought them off, paying them to attack Burgundy (not a friend of his) instead. He left Paris in December. He couldn't deal with revolts in Swabia, Saxony, Thuringia, Franconia, and Bavaria and the nobles of the Empire got together to depose him in 887. He died two months later (888). Arnulf of Carinthia, his nephew, succeeded him in Germany, Berengar of Friuli succeded him in Italy, and Odo succeeded him in France. The breakdown in royal authority and the dynastic change which accompanied it in France forever rent the Empire in two and the Carolingian polity which empowered the counts at the beginning of the century was nonexistant by the end, the counts were independant—especially in the outlying regions, like Catalonia. Events Wilfred the Hairy, Count of Barcelona, founded the benedictine monastery at Ripoll. ... Louis III (c. ... Neustria & Austrasia The territory of Neustria originated in A.D. 511, made up of the regions from Aquitaine to the northern seacoast approximating most of the north of present-day France. ... Austrasia & Neustria Austrasia was the northeastern portion of the Kingdom of the Merovingian Franks, comprising parts of what are now eastern France, western Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands. ... Lorraine can refer to: the historical independent duchy and later French province of Lorraine: see Lorraine (province). ... Carloman (died December 12, 884), king of Western Francia, was the eldest son of King Louis the Stammerer, and became king, jointly with his brother Louis III, on his fathers death in 879. ... Coat of arms of the 2nd duchy of Burgundy and later of the French province of Burgundy Burgundy (French: Bourgogne) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Pre-Indo-European people, Celts (Gauls), Romans (Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples, most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks. ... Capital Bordeaux Land area¹ 41,309 km² Regional President Alain Rousset (PS) (since 1998) Population  - Jan. ... Septimania was the western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed under the control of the Visigothic kingdom in 462, when Septimania was ceded to Theodoric II, king of the Visigoths. ... Events Carloman, King of the West Franks becomes sole king upon the death of his brother. ... Events May 15 - Pope Marinus I dies. ... Charles III the Simple (September 17, 879 - October 7, 929) was a member of the Carolingian dynasty. ... The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, Europe and the British Isles from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age. ... Satellite view of the English Channel The English Channel (French: La Manche, IPA: , the sleeve), also for some time known in England as the British Sea, is the part of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the island of Great Britain from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the... The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one-fifth of its surface. ... The Franks or the Frankish people were one of several west Germanic federations. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Charles the Fat (in French: Charles le Gros) ( 832–January 13, 888) was a king of East Franks, king of Italy, a King of France and, as Charles III, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Louis the German (also known as Louis II) (804 - September 28, 876), the third son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife, Irmengarde, was ruler of Eastern Francia from 817 until his death. ... Charlemagne (ca. ... For other uses, see November (disambiguation). ... Events Vikings besiege Paris Stephen VI elected pope Oldest known mentioning of Baky Births Emperor Daigo of Japan Deaths Pope Adrian III April 6: Saint Methodius, bishop and Bible translator Categories: 885 ... The Siege of Paris lasting from September 19, 1870 – January 28, 1871 brought about French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War and led to the establishment of the German Empire. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Look up December in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Template:DecemberCalendar2006 December is the twelfth and last month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... Swabia (German: Schwaben) is both a historic and linguistic region in Germany. ... With an area of 18,413 km² and a population of 4. ... The Free State of Thuringia (German Freistaat Thüringen) lies in central Germany and is among the smaller of the countrys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states), with an area of 16,200 sq. ... The Franconian Rake is originally is a heraldic symbol of the bishops of Würzburg, who - though nominally Dukes of Franconia - only ruled in parts of Franconia. ... The Free State of Bavaria  (German: Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... Events Emperor Uda ascends to the throne of Japan Births Deaths September 18 - Pietro I Candiano, Doge of Venice (killed in battle) Emperor Koko of Japan Categories: 887 ... Events January 13: With the death of Charles the Fat, the Frankish kingdom is split again, and this time permanently. ... Arnulf of Carinthia (German Arnulf von Kärnten, Slovenian Arnulf KoroÅ¡ki) (850 – December 8, 899) was one of the last ruling members of the Carolingian house in the Eastern part of the Frankish Kingdom, which had been split in the Treaty of Verdun in 843. ... Berengar of Friuli (? - 16 April 924) was a Margrave of Friuli, King of Italy (from 888 on) and Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 915 on. ... Odo of Paris (944–February 22, 965) was duke of Burgundy from 956 to his death. ... Capital Barcelona Official languages Spanish and Catalan In Val dAran, also Aranese. ...

The Crisis and the Counts

In the great tradition of their family, Wilfred, Miró, Dela, and Sunyer II maintained fidelity to the Carolingian monarchs up to Charles the Fat (deposed 887, died 888). They visited the royal court in 886 to ask for privileges and the precept granted to Teotario, bishop of Gerona. Upon the death of Louis the Stammerer, however, this loyalty became largely passive. When Louis's sons Louis and Carloman marched against Boso, king of Provence, the Catalan counts supported Carlomand, but did not join the expedition. A far cry this was from the prompt action taken against Bernard of Gothia. But the counts did not care for far-off events and avoided attending the assembly of Ponthion dealing with the question of the Vikings—a mostly meaningless question for the Catalans. Events The Glagolitic alphabet, devised by Cyril and Methodius, missionairies from Constantinople, is adopted in the Bulgarian Empire. ... Boso was a Frankish noblemen, related to the Carolingian dynasty, and rose to be King of Provence. ... Provence is a former Roman province and is now a region of southeastern France, located on the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to Frances border with Italy. ...

The counts rejected Charles the Fat's successor, Odo, but they did not rise in favour of Louis the Stammerer's surviving son, Charles the Simple. Odo was too absorbed with the Northmen and the partisans of Charles the Simple to involve himself in the far south of the realm.

In 886, a presbyter named Esclua, taking advantage of the absence of Teotardo, archbishop of Narbonne, was consecrated bishop of Urgel and expelled the titular bishop Ingoberto with the tacit permission of Raymond I, count of Pallars-Ribagorza, and Wilfred. He complicated the situation further by declaring himself metropolitan of Tarraconensis, separating his diocese from that of Narbonne. Now acting metropolitan, Esclua promptly removed Servus Dei from the bishopric of Gerona. Servus; who was rejected by Dela, Sunyer, and Wilfred, and consecrated by Teotardo; took refuge in the monastery of Bañolas. Esclua, with the help of the bishops of Barcelona and Vic, consecrated Eremir bishop of Gerona. In 888, he resurrected the sees of Pallars and Ampurias to recompense Raymond, Sunyer, and Dela for their support. Presbyter is, in the Bible, a synonym for bishop (episkopos), referring to a leader in local Christian congregations. ... Pallars is one of the historical Catalan counties, collindant with the county of Ribagorça and the county of Urgell. ... Ribagorza is one of the historical Aragonese counties of Spain, corresponding to the present-day counties of Sobrarbe and Pallars. ... When the word metropolitan (from the Greek metera = mother and polis = town) is used as an adjective, as in metropolitan bishop, metropolitan France, or metropolitan area it can mean: of or characteristic of a metropolis; see also metropolitan area, Metropolitan Police, Metropolitan Railway of or belonging to the home territories... Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was a Roman province in what is known today as modern Spain. ...

If at first Wilfred tolerated the dethronement of Ingobert—there was little love between the two—he could not allow the metropolitan pretensions of Esclua—because of his friendship with Teotardo. The independent dioceses were a method of securing political independence and this Wilfred wholly opposed. He could not allow his vast dominion to be torn asunder by the pretensions of individual counts to ecclesiastic separation.

This section still needs to be finished.

Death

By 883 or 884, the Moslems felt menaced by the expansion of the Christian counties. Wilfred had established positions in Ausona (like Cardona), Bergueda, and Vall de Lord; even some advanced posts as far as the Valle de Cervelló south of the River Llobregat. The frontier of Barcelona passed north of Solsona, past Besora, Tantallatge, and Correà; that of Berga, past Sorba, Gargalla, and Serrateix; and that of Ausona past Cardona, Manresa, and Montserrat. The Banu Qasi fortified Lérida in response. Provoked by this, Wilfred attacked Lérida and the governor of the city, Ismail ibn Musa. The attack went very badly. The historian Ibn al Athir describes the defence as a massacre of the attackers. Ismail's successor, Lobo ibn Mohammed, attacked Barcelona some years later and Wilfred died in the fight on August 11 in 897. As stated above, he was buried in the monastery at Ripoll. Events Oldest known mentioning of the city of Duisburg. ... Events May 15 - Pope Marinus I dies. ... Cardona is a town of north-eastern Spain, in the province of Barcelona; about 90 km northwest of the city of Barcelona, on a hill almost surrounded by the river Cardoner, a branch of the Llobregat. ... Other Catalan comarques Province Barcelona Capital Berga Largest city Berga Demonym   Population (2001) 37,995 hab. ... Llobregat - The second greatest river in Catalonia, starts in Castellar de nHug (Berguedà), near Berga, ends in the Mediterranean Sea, near Barcelona. ... Solsona is a 4th class municipality in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. ... SORBA, the Southern Off-Road Bicycle Association, is an organization that builds and maintains mountain bike trails in the Southeast region of the United States. ... The Banu Qasi were a Muslim dynastic family that ruled the region of the Ebro Valley in Spain. ... La Seu Vella, the Romanesque-Gothic old Cathedral of Lleida La Seu Vella Lleida (Catalan: Lleida, Spanish: Lérida) is a city in the west of Catalonia, Spain. ... August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events January - the Cadaver Synod July/August- Pope Stephen VII dies and is succeeded by Pope Romanus. ... Ripoll Ripoll is the capital of the comarca (county) of Ripollès, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. ...

Succession

The weakening of Frankish royal authority in the Hispanic March is principally the result of the establishment of heridity in the succession to the counties. In 895, Miró the Old died and his county of Rousillon passed, without interference from King Odo, to Sunyer II of Ampurias. In the same way, Wilfred was never confirmed by the monarch in his possession of Ausona. The kings had lost their position as lord of the counts. The importance of custom to the Middle Ages cannot be overstated. As hereditary succession became the custom, it became accepted as law and there was nothing the kings could do. The counts had become sovereigns in their own dominions. Name assigned to the territories under frankish dominance in the south of the Pyrennes, that for the Arabs was the Upper Mark. ... Events Bohemia breaks away from Great Moravia Arnulf of Carinthia undertakes his second Italian campaign Approximate date of composition of the Musica enchiriadis, the beginnings of western polyphonic music Births Athelstan of England Erik Bloodaxe, king of Norway 933-935 (+954) Deaths Categories: 895 ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

The lack, however, of a true legal heritage for this technically illegal practice caused the early experiments in hereditary succession to be a touch problematic. When Wilfred died in 897, his sons—Wilfred Borrel, Miró, and Sunifred—governed his patrimony jointly, recognising Wilfred Borrel, the firstborn, as primus inter pares: first among equals. When the sons of Wilfred had sons of their own, this ideal broke down and the counts promptly trasmitted their regions of governance to their descendants. Wilfred Borrel and the youngest son jointly ruled over Barcelona, Gerona, and Ausona; Sunifred, Urgel; and Miró, Cerdagne, Conflent, and Berga. Wilfred II Borrel, also known as Borrel I and as Guifré II Borrell I in Catalan, was count of Barcelona, Gerona, and Ausona from 897 to 911 after his father, Wilfred the Hairy. ... Sunifred I (c. ... First among equals is a phrase which indicates that a person is the most senior of a group of people sharing the same rank or office. ...

References

La família catalana dels comtes de Carcassona. Genealogia de Guifré el Pilós dins d’Els primers comtes catalans. Barcelona, Ediciones Vicens Vives, 1958. Pages 13-29. 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...