William Bateson.

William Bateson (August 8, 1861 – February 8, 1926) was a British geneticist. He was the first person to use the term genetics to describe the study of heredity and biological inheritance, and the chief populariser of the ideas of Gregor Mendel following their rediscovery in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns. He later became famous as the outspoken Mendelian antagonist of Walter Weldon, his former teacher, and Karl Pearson who led the Biometric school of thinking in the debate over Saltationism verus Gradualism that led up to the Modern evolutionary synthesis. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A geneticist is a scientist who studies genetics, the science of heredity and variation of organisms. ... This article is about the general scientific term. ... Heredity (the adjective is hereditary) is the transfer of characteristics from parent to offspring through their genes, or the transfer of a title, style or social status through the social convention known as inheritance (for example, a Hereditary Title may be passed down according to relevant customs and/or laws). ... Biological inheritance is the process by which an offspring cell or organism acquires or becomes predisposed to characteristics of its parent cell or organism. ... “Mendel” redirects here. ... Hugo Marie de Vries (16th February 1848-21st May 1935), a Dutch biologist, was one of three men - see also Carl Correns and Erich von Tschermak - who in 1900 rediscovered Gregor Mendels work on genetics. ... Carl Erich Correns (September 10, 1864, in Munich - February 14, 1933) was a German botanist and geneticist, who is notable primarily for his independent discovery of the principles of heredity, and for his rediscovery of Gregor Mendels earlier paper on that subject, which he achieved simultaneously but independent of... Mendelian inheritance (or Mendelian genetics or Mendelism) is a set of primary tenets that underlie much of genetics developed by Gregor Mendel in the latter part of the 19th century. ... Walter Frank Raphael Weldon Walter Frank Raphael Weldon (15 March 1860 — 13 April 1906) was an English evolutionary zoologist and biometrician. ... Karl Pearson FRS (March 27, 1857 – April 27, 1936) established the discipline of mathematical statistics. ... At Disney World, biometric measurements are taken of the fingers of multi-day pass users to ensure that the pass is used by the same person from day to day. ... In biology, saltation (from Latin, saltus, leap) is a sudden change from one generation to the next, that is large, or very large, in comparison with the usual variation of an organism. ... Gradualism is the belief that changes occur, or ought to occur, slowly in the form of gradual steps (see also incrementalism) In politics, the concept of gradualism is used to describe the belief that change ought to be modified in small, discrete increments rather than abrubt changes such as revolutions... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Biography

Bateson was born in Whitby, educated at Rugby School and St John's College, Cambridge. He popularised the work of Gregor Mendel in the English-speaking world. Bateson became involved in a bitter dispute with the biometricians led by his former teacher Walter Frank Raphael Weldon and by Karl Pearson. The biometricians doubted the generality of Mendel's account of heredity and also believed that evolution proceeded continuously rather than by jumps. These differences were resolved with the modern evolutionary synthesis.^[1] Whitby is a historic town in North Yorkshire on the north-east coast of England. ... A view of Rugby School from The Close, the playing field where according to legend Rugby was invented Rugby School, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire, is one of the oldest public schools in England and is one of the major co-educational boarding schools in the country. ... College name The College of Saint John the Evangelist of the University of Cambridge Motto Souvent me Souvient (Latin: I often remember) Named after The Hospital of Saint John the Evangelist Established 1511 Location St. ... The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. ... “Mendel” redirects here. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Biostatistics or biometry is the application of statistics to a wide range of topics in biology. ... Walter Frank Raphael Weldon (15 March 1860 — 13 April 1906) was an English evolutionary zoologist and biometrician. ... Karl Pearson FRS (March 27, 1857 – April 27, 1936) established the discipline of mathematical statistics. ... This article is about evolution in biology. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Bateson authored the 1894 treatise Materials for the study of variation: treated with special regard to discontinuity in the origin of species, in which he catalogued unusual physical variations in animal specimens, and classified each variation as either a deviation from the expected number of a certain body part; or as one in which an expected body part has been replaced by another (which he called homeotic). The animal variations he studied included bees with legs instead of antennae; crayfish with extra oviducts; and in humans, polydactyly, extra ribs, and males with extra nipples.^[2] 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Homeosis is the transformation of one body part into another, arising from mutation in or misexpression of specific developmentally critical genes. ... Families Astacoidea   Astacidae   Cambaridae Parastacoidea   Parastacidae Crayfish, often referred to as crawfish or crawdad, are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they are closely related. ... In oviparous animals (those that lay eggs), the passage from the ovaries to the outside of the body is known as the oviduct. ... This article is about the human congenital disorder (disease). ... The human rib cage. ... This article is about anatomical structure. ...

Bateson was the first to suggest the word "genetics" (from the Greek genno, γεννώ; to give birth) to describe the study of inheritance and the science of variation in a personal letter to Alan (or Adam) Sedgwick, dated April 18, 1905. Bateson first used the term "genetics" publicly at the Third International Conference on Plant Hybridization in London in 1906, three years before Wilhelm Johannsen used the word "gene" to describe the units of hereditary information. Thus the phenomenon of phenotype was investigated earlier than genes were discovered. is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen (February 3, 1857 - November 11, 1927) was a Danish botanist. ... For a non-technical introduction to the topic, see Introduction to Genetics. ... Individuals in the mollusk species Donax variabilis show diverse coloration and patterning in their phenotypes. ... For a non-technical introduction to the topic, see Introduction to Genetics. ...

Bateson co-discovered genetic linkage with Reginald Punnett, and he and Punnett founded the Journal of Genetics in 1910. Genetic linkage occurs when particular alleles are inherited jointly. ... Image:Reg Punnet. ... The Journal of Genetics (not to be confused with another journal called Genetics) is a scientific journal concerning genetics. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

In his later years he was a friend and confidant of the German Erwin Baur. Their correspondence includes their discussion of eugenics. Erwin Baur (1875 - 1933) was a German geneticist and botanist. ... Eugenics is the self-direction of human evolution: Logo from the Second International Congress of Eugenics, 1921, depicting it as a tree which unites a variety of different fields. ...

His son was the anthropologist and cyberneticist Gregory Bateson. Gregory Bateson (9 May 1904–4 July 1980) was a British anthropologist, social scientist, linguist and cyberneticist whose work intersected that of many other fields. ...

References

1. ^ W. B. Provine (1971). The Origins of Theoretical Population Genetics. University of Chicago Press.
2. ^ Sean B. Carroll (2005). Endless Forms Most Beautiful: The New Science of Evo Devo. W. W. Norton. pp. 46, 48.

Professor William B. Provine is an American historian of science, particularly of evolutionary biology and population genetics. ... Sean B. Carroll is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, Wisconsin. ...

External links

• William Bateson (1894). Materials for the Study of Variation, Treated with Special Regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species
• William Bateson (1902). Mendel's Principles of Heredity, A Defence
• Punnett and Bateson
• Opposition to Bateson - Documents by, or about, Bateson are on Donald Forsdyke's webpages