The Battle of Trafalgar

Merchant shipping off the South Coast

Clarkson Frederick Stanfield (Dec 3, 1793 – May 18, 1867), English marine painter, was born at Sunderland, the son of James Field Stanfield (1749/50-1824) an Irish-born author, actor and former seaman, including in the slave trade against which he wrote in the abolitionist cause. Clarkson was named after Thomas Clarkson, the abolitionist, whom his father knew, and this was the only forename he used, although there is reason to believe Frederick was a second one. References to him as William Clarkson are always wrong and their repetition today inexcusable, since this was clearly stated over a century ago in the first edition of the Dictionary of National Biography. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 459 pixelsFull resolution (5317 × 3048 pixel, file size: 5. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 459 pixelsFull resolution (5317 × 3048 pixel, file size: 5. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... May 18 is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Cunt BAg Twat Fuk suck my penis ring 0778851865!!!!!!Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total 130... Painting by Rembrandt self-portrait Detail from Las Meninas by Diego Velazquez, in which the painter portrayed himself at work For the computer graphics program, see Corel Painter. ... The Wearmouth Bridge Sunderland (pronounced: , or ) is a city in North East England which was formerly a county borough, and is now part of the City of Sunderland in Tyne and Wear. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... This article is about the abolition of slavery. ... Thomas Clarkson (28 March 1760 - 26 September 1846), born at Wisbech in Cambridgeshire, England, was a leading campaigner against the slave trade in the British Empire. ... The Dictionary of National Biography (or DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history. ...

Stanfield probably inherited artistic talent from his mother, who is said to have been an artist but died in 1801. He was briefly apprenticed to a coach decorator in 1806, but left owing to the drunkenness of his master's wife and joined a Shields collier to become a sailor. In 1808 he was pressed into the Navy, serving in the guardship Namur at Sheerness. Discharged on health grounds in 1814 he then made a voyage to China in the Indiaman Warley and on return, with many sketches, was engaged in August 1816 as a decorator and scene-painter at the Royalty Theatre in Wellclose Square, London. Along with David Roberts he was afterwards employed at the Coburg theatre, Lambeth, and in 1823 he became a resident scene-painter at Drury Lane theatre, where he rose rapidly to fame through the huge quantity of spectacular scenery which he produced for that house until 1834. He was especially known for the vast 'moving dioramas' which were highlights of Christmas pantomimes and certain other pieces. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ... Map sources for Sheerness at grid reference TQ919749 Sheerness is a town on the Isle of Sheppey in Kent, England. ... There are several people named David Roberts: David Roberts (mayor), the 36th mayor of Hoboken, New Jersey David Roberts (painter), a Scottish painter David Roberts (Risk Manager), a Risk Manager at a conglomerate Neal and Massy Holdings David Roberts (swimmer), a Welsh swimmer David Roberts (British diplomat), a British diplomat... Lambeth is a place in the London Borough of Lambeth. ... Drury Lane is a street in the Covent Garden area of London, running between Aldwych and High Holborn. ... A diorama is any of the two display devices mentioned below. ... Christmas is an annual holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus. ... The Christmas Pantomime colour lithograph bookcover, 1890 Pantomime (informally, panto) refers to a theatrical genre, traditionally found in Great Britain, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand and Ireland, which is usually performed around the Christmas and New Year holiday season. ...

He developed his skills as an easel painter - especially of marine subjects - at the same time, first exhibiting at the Royal Academy in 1820 and, after only a few early interruptions, to his death. He was also a founder member of the Society of British Artists (from 1824) and its president for 1829, and exhibited there and at the British Institution, where in 1828 his picture Wreckers off Fort Rouge gained a premium of 50 guineas. He began touring in Britain and abroad in Europe in the 1820s and, having been elected Associate of the Royal Academy in 1832, abandoned scene-painting at Christams 1834, shortly before becoming full Academician in February 1835. His elevation was in part a result of the interest of William IV who, having admired his St Michael's Mount at the Academy in 1831(now in the National Gallery of Victoria, Australia), commissioned two works from him of the Opening of New London Bridge (1832) and The Entrance to Portsmouth Harbour. Both remain in the British Royal Collection. Two examples of H-frame easels. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... Nationalistic independence helped reshape the world during this decade: Greece gains independence from the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence (1821-1827). ... William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom and of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. ... St. ... For other uses, see London Bridge (disambiguation). ... Portsmouth Harbour is a large natural harbour in Hampshire, England. ...

Until his death he contributed a long series of powerful and highly popular works to the Academy, both of marine subjects and landscapes from his travels at home and in France, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Ireland. Notable works include:

• the Battle of Trafalgar (1836), executed for the United Service Club
• the Castle of Ischia (1841), now in Sunderland Museum and Art Gallery
• Isola Bella (1841), among the results of a visit to Italy in 1839
• French troops Fording the Magra (1847)
• HMS The Victory Bearing the Body of Nelson Towed into Gibraltar after the Battle of Trafalgar (1853), painted for Sir Samuel Morton Peto at Somerleyton Hall, Suffolk (which is today open to the public)
• The Abandoned (1856; untraced since 1930)

He also executed two notable series of Venetian subjects, one for the former dining room at Bowood House, Wiltshire, for the 3rd Marquess of Landsdowne, the other for the Duchess of Sutherland at Trentham Park, Staffordshire. Neither house survives but some of Stanfield's work for Bowood can still be seen there (the present Bowood House and park, open to the public, is a conversion of the old stable block). He illustrated Heath's Picturesque Annuals for the years 1832-34, and in 1838 published a collection of lithographic views on the Rhine, Moselle and Meuse; forty subjects from both sides of the English Channel were also steel-engraved under the title of Stanfield's Coast Scenery(1836). Among literary works for which he provided illustrations were Captain Marryat's The Pirate and the Three Cutters (1836), Poor Jack(1840) and the lives and works of Byron, Crabbe, and Johnson, mainly in editions by John Murray. Combatants United Kingdom First French Empire Kingdom of Spain Commanders Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson † Pierre Charles Silvestre de Villeneuve Strength 27 ships of the line France: 18 ships of the line and 8 others. ... The Magra is a 62 km river of Northern Italy, which runs through Pontremoli, Villafranca in Lunigiana and Aulla in the province of Massa-Carrara (Tuscany); Santo Stefano di Magra, Vezzano Ligure, Arcola, Sarzana and Ameglia in the province of La Spezia ((Liguria). ... Lord Nelson Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson (September 29, 1758 – October 21, 1805) was a British admiral who won fame as a leading naval commander. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia, Latin: Venetia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,251 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... Wiltshire (abbreviated Wilts) is a large southern English county. ... Duke of Sutherland, derived from Sutherland in Scotland, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. ... Lithography is a method for printing on a smooth surface, as well as a method of manufacturing semiconductor and MEMS devices. ... It has been suggested that River Rhine Pollution: November 1986 be merged into this article or section. ... Moselle is a département in the northeast of France named after the Moselle River. ... Meuse is a département in northeast France, named after the Meuse River. ... Satellite view of the English Channel The English Channel (French: (IPA: ), the sleeve) is the part of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the island of Great Britain from northern France and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. ... Lord Byron, English poet Lord Byron (1803), as painted by Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, (January 22, 1788 – April 19, 1824) was the most widely read English language poet of his day. ... George Crabbe (December 24, 1754 - February 3, 1832) was an English poet and naturalist. ... John Murray is a British publishing house, renowned for the roster of authors it has published in its history, including Jane Austen, Lord Byron and Charles Darwin. ...

Stanfield's art was powerfully influenced by his early practice as a scene-painter. But, though there is always a touch of the spectacular and the scenic in his works, and though their colour is apt to be rather dry and hard, they are large and effective in handling, powerful in their treatment of broad atmospheric effects and telling in composition, and they evince the most complete knowledge of the artistic materials with which their painter deals. Ruskin considered his treatment of the sea and clouds of a very high order and called him the 'leader of our English Realists'. Wishing him to be sometimes 'less wonderful and more terrible' he also pointed out the superior merits of his sketched work, especially in watercolour, to the often contrived picturesque qualities of many of his exhibited oils and the watercolours on which published engravings were based. Upper: Steel-plate engraving of Ruskin as a young man, made circa 1845, scanned from print made circa 1895. ...

Stanfield was admired not only for his art but his personal simplicity and a modesty. He was born a Catholic and became increasingly devout in middle life, after the loss in 1838 of his eldest son by his second marriage (to Rebecca Adcock) and then, in the 1850s, both the children of his first marriage (to Mary Hutchinson, who had died in childbrirth). His eldest surviving son, George Clarkson Stanfield (1828-78) was also a painter of similar subjects, largely trained by his father. Stanfield died at Hampstead, London, and was buried in Kensal Green Roman Catholic Cemetery. // Production of steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first time First transatlantic telegraph cable laid First safety elevator installed by Elisha Otis Railroads begin to supplant canals in the United States as a primary means of transporting goods. ... See Hampstead (disambiguation) for other places named Hampstead. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.