William Crozier (1855-1942), American artillerist and inventor, born at Carroliton, Carroll county, Ohio, on February 19, 1855, was the son of Robert Crozier (1827-1895), chief justice of Kansas in 1863-1866, and a United States senator from that state from December 1873 to February 1874. He graduated at West Point in 1876, was appointed a 2nd lieutenant in the 4th Artillery, and served on the Western frontier for three years against the Sioux and Bannock Indians. Carrollton is a village located in Carroll County, Ohio. ... State nickname: The Buckeye State Official languages None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus (largest metropolitan area is Cleveland) Governor Bob Taft (R) Senators Mike DeWine (R) George V. Voinovich (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 34th 116,096 km² 8. ... February 19 is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... State nickname: The Sunflower State Official languages None Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Governor Kathleen Sebelius (D) Senators Sam Brownback (R) Pat Roberts (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 15th 82,277 mi²; 213,096 km² 0. ... The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. ... Alternate meanings: West Point (disambiguation). ... A Sioux in traditional dress including war bonnet, circa 1908. ... The Bannock are a Native American people of what is now southeastern Oregon and western Idaho. ...

General William Crozier became Chief of Ordance of the Army in 1901

From 1879 to 1884 he was instructor in mathematics at West Point, and was superintendent of the Watertown (Massachusetts) Arsenal from 1884 to 1887. In 1888 he was sent by the war department to study recent developments in artillery in Europe, and upon his return he was placed in full charge of the construction of gun carriages for the army, and with General Adelbert R. Buffington, the chief of ordnance, he invented the Buffington-Crozier disappearing gun carriage (1896). He also invented a wire-wound gun, and perfected many appliances connected with heavy and field ordnance. Image File history File links William_Crozier. ... Image File history File links William_Crozier. ... State nickname: Bay State Official languages English Capital Boston Largest city Boston Governor Mitt Romney (R) Senators Edward Kennedy (D) John Kerry (D) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 44th 27,360 km² 25. ... A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is the worlds second-smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ...

In 1890 he attained the rank of captain. During the Spanish-American War he was inspector-general for the Atlantic and Gulf coast defences. In 1899 he was one of the American delegates to the Peace Conference at the Hague. He later served in the Philippine Islands on the staffs of Generals John C. Bates and Theodore Schwan, and in 1900 was chief of ordnance on the staff of General Adna Chaffee during the China Relief Expedition. In November 1901 he was appointed brigadier-general and succeeded General Buffington as Chief of Ordnance of the United States army. He served until 1918, not counting the time he was away at the Army War College in 1912 to 1913. He presided over adoption of such firearms as the famous M1911 to the obscure M1909 Benet-Mercie light machine gun, as well as the end/removal of the last of the 30-06 Gatling Guns from the Army arsenal. His Notes on the Construction of Ordnance, published by the war department, were used as text-books in the schools for officers, and he also authored several other important publications on military subjects. The Spanish-American War took place in 1898, and resulted in the United States of America gaining control over the former colonies of Spain in the Caribbean and Pacific. ... The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one_fifth of its surface. ... Gulf of Mexico in 3D perspective. ... Arms of The Hague The Hague (with capital T; Dutch: Den Haag, or officially s-Gravenhage) is the administrative capital of the Netherlands, located in the west of the country, in the province South Holland of which it is also the capital. ... The Philippine islands is a commonly mistaken description for the Philippines. ... John C. Bates (1842-1919) served as Chief of Staff of the United States Army from January to April 1906. ... General Adna R. Chaffee Adna Romanza Chaffee ( April 14, 1842— November 1, 1914) was a General in the United States Army. ... The China Relief Expedition was the United States military term for the rescue of diplomatic personnel, and other U.S. citizens, in the wake of the Boxer Rebellion. ... US Army Seal HHC, US Army Distinctive Unit Insignia The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces that has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... The United States Army War College is a U. S. Army school located in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, specifically in the historic Carlisle Barracks. ... The M1911 is a single action, semi-automatic handgun, chambered for the . ... Eight . ...

Other very famous firearm systems he presided over the adoption of include the M1903 rifle, the M1918 BAR (adopted in 1917), and the M1917 machine gun, all of which would serve well into the latter half of the 20th century. He also played a role in the rejection of the Lewis Gun by the Army, though it was used by the U.S. Marine Corps, and eventually, by the Army to a limited degree. The Springfield 1903 rifle (military designation United States Rifle, Caliber . ... The designation M1917 was used for several pieces of American military gear dating from the World War I era. ... The Lewis Gun was a pre-WWI era American design of machine gun most widely used by the British and Imperial armies that continued to see service all the way through to WWII. It is visually distinctive because of the wide tubular cooling shroud around the barrel, and the top... United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is the second smallest of the five branches of the United States armed forces, with 170,000 active and 40,000 reserve Marines as of 2002. ...

See Also

• Lodge Committee, William Crozier testified in this committee investigating the alleged war crimes of the Philippine-American War.
• List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces, List of crew-served weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces

The Lodge Committee began in January 1902 and adjourned on June 28, 1902. ... A war crime is a punishable offense, under international law, for violations of the law of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ... The Philippine-American War was a war between the armed forces of the United States and the Philippines from 1899 through 1913. ... Individual weapons by type and current level of use. ... // Machine Guns, Automatic Grenade Launchers, and Autocannon In active service M2 Family (Heavy Machine Gun, 12. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain.