William I
Prince of Orange King of the Netherlands Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Reign	1813-1840
Born	August 24, 1772(1772-08-24)
	The Hague
Died	December 12, 1843 (aged 71)
	Berlin
Buried	Nieuwe Kerk, Delft
Predecessor	--
Successor	William II of the Netherlands
Consort	Wilhelmine of Prussia
Issue	William Frederick Pauline Marianne
Royal House	House of Orange-Nassau
Father	William V of Orange
Mother	Wilhelmina of Prussia

William I, born Willem Frederik van Oranje-Nassau (The Hague, 24 August 1772 - Berlin, 12 December 1843), was the first King of the Netherlands. He succeeded his father as head of the House of Orange-Nassau in 1805, was named 'Sovereign Prince' of the Netherlands in 1813, proclaimed himself King in 1815, and abdicated in 1840. William I was also the Grand Duke of Luxembourg after 1815. William of Orange (French: Guillaume, Dutch: Willem) is the name of several historical people. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... is the 236th day of the year (237th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Coordinates: , Country Netherlands Province South Holland Area (2006)  - Municipality 98. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Nieuwe Kerk, Delft Nieuwe Kerk is a landmark church in Delft, the Netherlands. ... Coordinates: Country Netherlands Province South Holland Area (2006)  - Municipality 24. ... William II, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Frederick George Louis) (December 6, 1792 – March 17, 1849) ruled from October 7, 1840 until his death. ... Queen Wilhelmine of the Netherlands at a young age Queen Wilhelmine of the Netherlands, born Princess of Prussia (full names in Dutch: Frederica Louisa Wilhelmina; full names in German: Friederike Luise Wilhelmine) (Potsdam, 18 November 1774 - The Hague, 12 October 1837), was the first wife of King William I of... William II, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Frederick George Louis) (December 6, 1792 – March 17, 1849) ruled from October 7, 1840 until his death. ... Prince Frederik of the Netherlands (full names: Willem Frederik Karel), Prince of Orange-Nassau, (Berlin, February 28, 1797 – Wassenaar, September 8, 1881), was the second son of king William I of the Netherlands and his wife Queen Wilhelmine. ... The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau), a branch of the German House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands - and at times in Europe - since William I of Orange (also known as William the Silent and Father of... William V, stadtholder of The Netherlands (March 8, 1748–April 9, 1806), also known as William V of Orange, was the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic. ... Stadtholderian family Wilhelmina of Prussia, born Frederika Sophia Wilhelmina, (7 August 1751 – 9 June 1820) was the daughter of Augustus William, Prince of Prussia and Louise Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. ... Coordinates: , Country Netherlands Province South Holland Area (2006)  - Municipality 98. ... is the 236th day of the year (237th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Netherlands have been an independent monarchy since 1815, and have been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since. ... The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau), a branch of the German House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands - and at times in Europe - since William I of Orange (also known as William the Silent and Father of... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy whose Head of State is the Grand Duke of Luxembourg (or Grand Duchess of Luxembourg in the exceptional but twice occurred event of the sovereign being female). ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ...

Biography

King William I's parents were the last stadtholder William V of Orange and his wife Wilhelmina of Prussia. Until 1813, William was known as Prince William VI of Orange. In 1791, William married his first cousin (Frederica Louisa) Wilhelmina, born in Potsdam. She was the daughter of King Frederick William II of Prussia. After Wilhelmina died in 1837, William was remarried to Countess Henriette d'Oultremont de Wegimont, in 1841 in Berlin. Two years later, William died there. A stadtholder (Dutch: stadhouder meaning place holder, a Germanic parallel to Latin locum tenens or French lieutenant), means an official who is appointed by the legal ruling Monarch to represent him in a country, and may have a mandate to govern it in his name, in the latter case roughly... William V, stadtholder of The Netherlands (March 8, 1748–April 9, 1806), also known as William V of Orange, was the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic. ... Stadtholderian family Wilhelmina of Prussia, born Frederika Sophia Wilhelmina, (7 August 1751 – 9 June 1820) was the daughter of Augustus William, Prince of Prussia and Louise Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Potsdam is the capital city of the federal state of Brandenburg in Germany. ... Frederick William II (German: ; September 25, 1744–November 16, 1797) was the fourth King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

William V was hereditary stadtholder when the Republic of the Seven United Provinces was invaded by the French Revolutionary armies. He fled with his son to England. Unlike his father--who gave his people permission to collaborate with the French--William was a strong personality and he tried to regain the Republic. This article is about the Dutch United Provinces. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...

In 1799, William landed in the current North Holland. The local Dutch population was not pleased with the arrival of the prince. Some local Orangists were even executed. After several minor battles he was forced to leave the country again. Napoleon Bonaparte gave him some small German principalities as indemnities for the lost territories. These principalities were confiscated when Napoleon invaded Germany (1806) and William supported his Prussian relatives. He succeeded his father as prince of Orange later that year, after William V's death. 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Capital Haarlem Queens Commissioner Mr. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Statue of Willem I, King of the Netherlands situated in Apeldoorn. Dedicated in 1913 and made by Pieter Puype.

After Napoleon's defeat at Leipzig (October, 1813), the French troops retreated to France. A provisional government was formed under the lead of some former Patriots who recalled William, in contrast to their 1785 rebellion. In their view, it was taken for granted that William would have to head any new regime, and it would be better in the long term for the Dutch to restore him themselves. The Dutch population was pleased with the departure of the French, who had ruined the Dutch economy, and this time welcomed the prince. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1028 × 1368 pixel, file size: 856 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1028 × 1368 pixel, file size: 856 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1785 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

On November 30, 1813 William landed at Scheveningen beach, only a few metres from the place where he had left the country with his father eighteen years previously, and on December 6 the provisional government offered him the title of King. William refused, instead proclaiming himself "sovereign prince." He also wanted the rights of the people to be guaranteed by "a wise constitution". is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... Scheveningen pier Scheveningen is part of Den Haag, the Netherlands. ... December 6 is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Monarch (disambiguation). ...

The constitution offered William extensive (almost absolute) powers. Ministers were only responsible to him, while a two-chambered parliament (the States-General) exercised only limited power. He was inaugurated as sovereign prince in the New Church in Amsterdam. In 1814 he gained sovereignty over the whole of the Low Countries. The States-General (Staten-Generaal) is the parliament of the Netherlands. ... The Nieuwe Kerk is a landmark church in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... Year 1814 (MDCCCXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Feeling threatened by Napoleon who had escaped from Elba, William proclaimed himself King of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands on March 16, 1815 at the urging of the powers gathered at the Congress of Vienna. His son, the future king William II, fought as a commander at the Battle of Waterloo. After Napoleon had been sent into exile, William adopted a new constitution which included much of the old constitution, such as extensive royal powers. Elba (bottom centre) from space, February 1994. ... The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and Limburg in 1839 1, 2 and 3 United Kingdom of the Netherlands (until 1830) 1 and 2 Kingdom of the Netherlands (after 1830) 2 Duchy of Limburg (In the German Confederacy after 1839 as compensation for Waals-Luxemburg) 3 and 4 Kingdom of Belgium (after... March 16 is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... The Congress of Vienna was a conference between ambassadors from the major powers in Europe that was chaired by the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich and held in Vienna, Austria, from late September, 1814, to June 9, 1815. ... William II, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Frederick George Louis) (December 6, 1792 – March 17, 1849) ruled from October 7, 1840 until his death. ... Combatants First French Empire Seventh Coalition: United Kingdom Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of the United Netherlands Kingdom of Hanover Duchy of Nassau Duchy of Brunswick Commanders Napoleon Bonaparte, Michel Ney Duke of Wellington, Gebhard von Blücher Prince William of Orange Strength 73,000 67,000 Coalition 60,000 Prussian... Much of the recent sociological debate on power revolves around the issue of the constraining and/or enabling nature of power. ...

Children

With his wife the Queen Wilhemina, King William I had four children:

• Willem Frederik George Lodewijk (1792-1849) King of the Netherlands from 1840-1849. Married Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia
• Willem Frederik Karel (1797-1881). Married Princess Louise of Prussia
• Wilhelmina Frederika Louise Pauline Charlotte (1800-1806).
• Wilhelmina Frederika Louise Charlotte Marianne (1810-1883), married Albert, Prince of Prussia.

Dutch Royalty House of Orange-Nassau William I Children    William II    Prince Frederick    Princess Paulina    Marianne, Princess Albert of Prussia Grandchildren    Louise, Queen of Sweden and Norway    Prince William    Prince Frederick    Marie, Princess of Wied William II Children    William III    Prince Alexander    Prince Henry    Prince Ernest Casimir    Sophie, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach William III Children    William, Prince of Orange    Prince Maurice    Alexander, Prince of Orange    Wilhelmina Wilhelmina Children    Juliana Juliana Children    Beatrix    Princess Irene    Princess Margriet    Princess Christina Beatrix Children    Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange    Prince Friso    Prince Constantijn Grandchildren    Princess Catharina-Amalia    Princess Alexia    Princess Ariane    Countess Luana    Countess Zaria    Countess Eloise    Count Claus-Casimir    Countess Leonore

William II, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Frederick George Louis) (December 6, 1792 – March 17, 1849) ruled from October 7, 1840 until his death. ... Portrait of Jan Baptist van der Hulst, 1837. ... Prince Frederik of the Netherlands (full names: Willem Frederik Karel), Prince of Orange-Nassau, (Berlin, February 28, 1797 – Wassenaar, September 8, 1881), was the second son of king William I of the Netherlands and his wife Queen Wilhelmine. ... Albert (German: Albrecht; 4 October 1809, Königsberg – 14 October 1872, Berlin) was a Prussian colonel general. ... The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau), a branch of the German House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands - and at times in Europe - since William I of Orange (also known as William the Silent and Father of... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands. ... William II, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Frederick George Louis) (December 6, 1792 – March 17, 1849) ruled from October 7, 1840 until his death. ... Willem Frederik Karel van Oranje-Nassau (Berlin, February 28, 1797 – Wassenaar, September 8, 1881), was the second son of William I of the Netherlands and his wife Wilhelmine of Prussia. ... Princess Louise of the Netherlands (Wilhelmina Frederika Alexandrine Anna Louise) (August 5, 1828 – March 30, 1871), later Queen Lovisa of Sweden and Norway, was a member of the Dutch Royal Family, who became the Queen Consort of King Charles XV of Sweden (King Charles IV of Norway). ... William II, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Frederick George Louis) (December 6, 1792 – March 17, 1849) ruled from October 7, 1840 until his death. ... William III, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Alexander Paul Frederick Louis of Orange-Nassau) (Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk van Oranje-Nassau, Koning der Nederlanden en Groothertog van Luxemburg in Dutch) (February 19, 1817 – November 23, 1890) was King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke... Prince Henry William Frederick Henry (Hendrik) the Navigator (13 June 1820 – 14 January 1879), Prince of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau. ... William III, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Alexander Paul Frederick Louis of Orange-Nassau) (Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk van Oranje-Nassau, Koning der Nederlanden en Groothertog van Luxemburg in Dutch) (February 19, 1817 – November 23, 1890) was King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke... Willem Nicolaas Alexander Frederik Karel Hendrik van Oranje-Nassau (The Hague, 4 September 1840 – Paris, 11 June 1879) Prince of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, from 17 March 1849 Prince of Orange, and thus Crown Prince of the Netherlands. ... Prince Maurice of the Netherlands (left) with his brother Prince William. ... Prince Alexander of Orange Prince Alexander of Orange (Willem Alexander Karel Hendrik Frederik), (The Hague, 25 August 1851 - The Hague, 21 June 1884), Prince of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, was from 11 June 1879 until his death the heir apparent of his father King William III of the... For other uses, see Wilhelmina (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Wilhelmina (disambiguation). ... Juliana Queen of the Netherlands Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (Juliana Emma Louise Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau) (April 30, 1909 – March 20, 2004), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, was Queen of the Netherlands from her mothers abdication in 1948 to her own abdication... Juliana Queen of the Netherlands Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (Juliana Emma Louise Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau) (April 30, 1909 – March 20, 2004), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, was Queen of the Netherlands from her mothers abdication in 1948 to her own abdication... Beatrix (born January 31, 1938 as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Princess of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld) has been the queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ... Princess Irene Emma Elisabeth of the Netherlands (born August 5, 1939), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, is the second child of then Princess Juliana of the Netherlands (later Queen Juliana) and Prince Bernhard, a former prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld. ... Princess Margriet of the Netherlands (Margriet Francisca, born January 19, 1943), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, is the third daughter of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard, the former Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands. ... Princess Christina of the Netherlands (born February 18, 1947), Princess of Oranje-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, is the youngest of Queen Juliana’s four daughters. ... Beatrix (born January 31, 1938 as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Princess of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld) has been the queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ... Prince Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, (Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand Prins van Oranje, Prins der Nederlanden, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg, born April 27, 1967) is the eldest son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and is the heir apparent to the Dutch throne, with the style... Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau, also known as Prince Johan Friso (Johan Friso Bernhard Christiaan David), Count of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg, van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg (born September 25, 1968) is the second son of HM Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and HRH Prince Claus. ... His Royal Highness Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands (Constantijn Christof Frederick Aschwin), Prince of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer of Amsberg, (born October 11, 1969), is the third and youngest son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and Claus von Amsberg. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Princess Alexia of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau (Alexia Juliana Marcela Laurentien Prinses der Nederlanden, Prinses van Oranje-Nassau) (born June 26, 2005[1]), is the second daughter of Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, the heir apparent to the throne of the Netherlands, and Princess Máxima of the... Princess Ariane of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau (given names: Ariane Wilhelmina Máxima Ines [1]; born April 10, 2007), is the third child and daughter of Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, the heir apparent to the throne of the Netherlands, and his spouse Princess Máxima of the... Emma Luana Ninette Sophie van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg (born March 26, 2005), Countess of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg, is the child of Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg and Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau born Wisse Smit. ... Joanna Zaria Nicoline Milou van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg (born June 18, 2006), Countess of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg, is the second child of Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg and Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau born Wisse Smit. ... Her Excellency Countess Eloise Beatrix Sophie Laurence of Orange-Nassau (born 8 June 2002 in The Hague), Jonkvrouw of Amsberg, is the first child of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands and Princess Laurentien, née Laurentien Brinkhorst. ... Claus-Casimir Bernhard Marius Max van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg (born 21 March 2004 at Bronovo Hospital in The Hague), Count of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg, is the son of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg and Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands, n... De hooggeboren vrouwe (The highborn lady) Leonore Marie Irene Enrica van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg (born 3 June 2006 in Bronovo hospital in The Hague), Countess of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg, is the third child of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg and...

Principal changes

The States-General was divided into two chambers. The Eerste Kamer (First Chamber or Senate or House of Lords) was appointed by the King. The Tweede Kamer (Second Chamber or House of Representatives or House of Commons) was elected by the Provincial States, which were in turn chosen by census suffrage. The 110 seats were divided equally between the North and the South (modern-day Belgium), although the population of the North (2 million) was significantly less than that of the South (3.5 million). The States-General's primary function was to approve the King's laws and decrees. The constitution contained many present-day Dutch political institutions; however, their functions and composition have changed greatly over the years. The Estates-General (Staten-Generaal) is the parliament of the Netherlands. ... Suffrage is the civil right to vote, or the exercise of that right. ...

The constitution was accepted in the North, but not in the South. The under-representation of the South was one of the causes of the Belgian Revolution. Referendum turnout was low, in the Southern provinces, but William interpreted all abstentions to be yes votes. He prepared a lavish inauguration for himself in Brussels, where he gave the people copper coins (leading to his first nickname, the Copper King). For other places with the same name, see Brussels (disambiguation). ...

The spearhead of King William's policies was economic progress. As he founded many trade institutions, his second nickname was the King-Merchant. In 1822, he founded the Algemeene Nederlandsche Maatschappij ter Begunstiging van de Volksvlijt, which would become one of the most important institutions of Belgium after its independence. Industry flourished, especially in the South. In 1817, he also founded three universities in the Southern provinces, such as a new University of Leuven, the University of Ghent and the University of Liège. The Northern provinces, meanwhile, were the centre of trade. This, in combination with the colonies (Dutch East Indies, Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles) created great wealth for the Kingdom. However, the money flowed into the hands of Dutch directors. Only a few Belgians managed to profit from the economic growth. Feelings of economic inequity were another cause of the Belgian uprising. 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Société Générale de Belgique (Dutch: Generale Maatschappij) was one of the largest companies that ever existed in Belgium. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Catholic University of Leuven is the largest and most prominent university in Belgium. ... Ghent University (in Dutch, Universiteit Gent, abbreviated UGent) is one of the two large Flemish universities. ... The University of Liège (ULg), in Liège in Belgium, is a major public university in the French Community of Belgium. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Officially, a separation of church and state existed in the kingdom. However, William himself was a strong supporter of the Reformed Church. This led to resentment among the people in the South, who were Roman Catholic. William had also devised controversial language and school policies. Dutch was imposed as the official language in (the Dutch-speaking region of) Flanders; this angered French-speaking aristocrats and industrial workers. Schools throughout the Kingdom were required to instruct students in the Reformed faith and the Dutch language. Many in the South feared that the King sought to exterminate Catholicism and the French language. Constantines Conversion, depicting the conversion of Emperor Constantine the Great to Christianity, by Peter Paul Rubens. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... For other uses, see Flanders (disambiguation). ...

Belgian uprising

Main article: Belgian Revolution

In August 1830 the opera La Muette de Portici, involving the repression of Neapolitans, was staged in Brussels. Performances of this show seemed to crystalise a sense of nationalism and "Hollandophobia" in Brussels, and spread to the rest of the South. Rioting ensued, chiefly aimed at the kingdom's unpopular justice minister, who lived in Brussels. An infuriated William responded by sending troops to repress the riots. However, the riots had spread to other Southern cities. The riots quickly became popular uprisings. Soon an independent state of Belgium was proclaimed. This article is about the historical Belgian Revolution of the 1830s. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses see, Naples (disambiguation) and Napoli (disambiguation) Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ...

The next year, William sent his sons to Belgium to repress this state. Although initially victorious, the Dutch army was forced to retreat after the threat of French intervention. Some support for the Orange dynasty (chiefly among Flemings) persisted for years but the Dutch never regained control over Belgium. William nevertheless continued the war for eight years. His economic successes became overshadowed by a perceived mismanagement of the war effort. High costs of the war came to burden the Dutch economy, fueling public resentment. In 1839, William was forced to end the war. The United Kingdom of the Netherlands was dissolved and renamed the "Kingdom of the Netherlands". An invasion is a military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory, or altering the established government. ... The Principality of Orange The title originally referred to the sovereign principality of Orange in southern France, which was a property of the House of Orange (from 1702 Orange-Nassau). ... Flemings (Dutch: Vlamingen) are inhabitants of Flanders in the widest sense of the term, i. ... 1839 (MDCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Constitutional changes and abdication

Constitutional changes were initiated in 1840 because the terms which involved the United Kingdom of the Netherlands had to be removed. These constitutional changes also included the introduction of judicial ministerial responsibility. Although the policies remained uncontrolled by parliament, the prerogative was controllable now. The very conservative William could not live with these constitutional changes. This, the disappointment about the loss of Belgium and William's intention to marry Henrietta d'Oultremont (scandalously both Belgian and Catholic) created desires about abdication. He fulfilled his desires on October 7, 1840 and his eldest son acceded to the throne as king William II. William moved to Berlin, where he died after three years with Henrietta. 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Look up abdication in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... William II, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Frederick George Louis) (December 6, 1792 – March 17, 1849) ruled from October 7, 1840 until his death. ...

Ancestry

Monarchical Styles of King William I

Reference style His Majesty Spoken style Your Majesty Alternative style Sir