William Kirby.

William Kirby (September 19, 1759 – July 4, 1850) was an English entomologist, an original member of the Linnean Society and a Fellow of the Royal Society. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (711x992, 770 KB) Summary William Kirby (1759-1850) British entomologist Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: William Kirby ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (711x992, 770 KB) Summary William Kirby (1759-1850) British entomologist Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: William Kirby ... September 19 is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years). ... 1759 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... For the United States holiday, the Fourth of July, see Independence Day (United States). ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... Entomology is the scientific study of insects. ... The Linnean Society of London is the worlds premier society for the study and dissemination about taxonomy. ... The Fellowship of the Royal Society was founded in 1660. ...

Family origins and early studies

Kirby was a grandson of the Suffolk topographer John Kirby (author of The Suffolk Traveller) and nephew of artist-topographer Joshua Kirby (a friend of Thomas Gainsborough's). He was also a cousin of the children's author Mrs Sarah Trimmer. He was born at Witnesham, Suffolk, and studied at Ipswich grammar school and Caius College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1781. Taking holy orders in 1782, he spent his entire life in the peaceful seclusion of an English country parsonage at Barham in Suffolk. He assisted in the publication of pamphlets against Thomas Paine during the 1790s. John Kirby may refer to: John Kirby (1772-1846), Canadian businessman and politician John Kirby (1908-1952), jazz bassist and band leader John Kirby, Bishop of Clonfert in Ireland John Kirby (1690-1753), a landscape artist This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Self-portrait, painted 1759 Thomas Gainsborough (May 14, 1727 (baptised) – August 2, 1788) was one of the most famous portrait and landscape painters of 18th century Britain. ... Sarah Trimmer (1741-1810), daughter of landscape artist John Kirby, was a noted writer and critic of childrens literature in the 18th century. ... Suffolk (pronounced ) is a large historic and modern non-metropolitan county in the East Anglia region of eastern England. ... Timber framed buildings in St Nicholas Street The Ancient House is decorated with a particularly fine example of pargeting Ipswich (pronounced Ip-Switch) is the county town of Suffolk and a non-metropolitan district in East Anglia, England on the estuary of the River Orwell. ... Full name Gonville and Caius College Motto - Named after Edmund Gonville & John Caius Previous names Gonville Hall (1348), Gonville & Caius (1557) Established 1348 Sister College Brasenose College Master Neil McKendrick Location Trinity St Undergraduates 468 Graduates 291 Homepage Boatclub Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, generally known as Caius (though pronounced... 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Barham may refer to: The village of Barham, Kent. ... Thomas Paine Thomas Paine (January 29, 1737, Thetford, Norfolk, England – June 8, 1809, New York City) was a pamphleteer, revolutionary, radical intellectual, and deist. ...

Kirby was brought to the study of natural history by Dr Nicholas Gwynn (a friend of Boerhaave), who introduced him to Dr Smith (Sir James Edward Smith) at Ipswich in 1791. Soon afterwards he corresponded with Smith seeking advice in the foundation of a natural history museum at Ipswich. Among his early friends were the naturalists Charles Sutton and Thomas Marsham, with whom he made lengthy scientific excursions, as later with William Jackson Hooker and others. His name appears on the original list of Fellows of the Linnean Society. He delivered the first of his many papers on 7 May 1793, on Three New Species of Hirudo (Linn. Trans. II, 316). Table of natural history, 1728 Cyclopaedia Natural history is an umbrella term for what are now usually viewed as several distinct scientific disciplines. ... Herman Boerhaave (December 31, 1668 _ September 23, 1738) was a Dutch humanist and physician of European fame. ... For the mayor of Toronto by this name please see James Edward Smith (Toronto). ... Timber framed buildings in St Nicholas Street The Ancient House is decorated with a particularly fine example of pargeting Ipswich (pronounced Ip-Switch) is the county town of Suffolk and a non-metropolitan district in East Anglia, England on the estuary of the River Orwell. ... Thomas Marsham (died 1819) was an English entomologist who studied beetles. ... Sir William Jackson Hooker (July 6, 1785 - August 12, 1865) was an English botanist. ...

Major publications

Kirby produced his first major work, the Monographia Apum Angliae (Monograph on the Bees of England), in 1802. His purpose was both scientific and religious: Families Andrenidae Apidae Colletidae Halictidae Megachilidae Melittidae Stenotritidae Bee collecting pollen Bees are flying insects, closely related to wasps and ants. ... --69. ...

‘The author of Scripture is also the author of Nature: and this visible world, by types indeed, and by symbols, declares the same truths as the Bible does by words. To make the naturalist a religious man – to turn his attention to the glory of God, that he may declare his works, and in the study of his creatures may see the loving-kindness of the Lord – may this in some measure be the fruit of my work…’ (Correspondence, 1800) Many religions and spiritual movements hold certain written texts (or series of spoken legends not traditionally written down) to be sacred. ... Galunggung in 1982, showing a combination of natural events. ...

This, the first scientific treatise on English bees, brought him to the notice of leading entomologists in Britain and abroad. Extensive correspondence followed with scientists including Alexander MacLeay, Walkenaer, Johan Christian Fabricius and Adam Afzelius. Johann Christian Fabricius. ... Adam Afzelius (1750-1837) was a Swedish botanist. ...

Kirby began planning his Introduction to Entomology, a celebrated title, in 1808. This was the practical result of a friendship formed in 1805 with William Spence, of Hull, and appeared in four volumes between 1815 and 1826. Much of the work fell to Kirby owing to Spence's ill health. It reached its seventh edition in 1856. In 1830 he was invited to write one of the Bridgewater Treatises, his subject being The History, Habits, and Instincts of Animals (2 vols., 1835). 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... William Spence (1783–1860) was a British entomologist. ... Hull or Kingston upon Hull is a British city situated on the north bank of the Humber estuary. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... The oldest surviving photograph, Nicéphore Niépce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Natural theology is the attempt to find evidence of a God or intelligent designer without recourse to any special or supposedly supernatural revelation. ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

With Edward Sabine and J.E. Gray, Kirby prepared the natural history supplement for Captain Parry's 1819-1820 expedition to seek the North-West Passage: his work formed the insect section of the Account of the Animals seen by the late Northern Expedition while within the Arctic Circle 1821. J.D. Hooker established his contact with Dr Richardson to involve him in the publication of findings from Sir John Franklin's 1st and 2nd expeditions, the insect section in the Fauna Boreali-Americana in 1837. Sir Edward Sabine (October 14, 1788 – May 26, 1883) was an Irish astronomer, scientist, ornithologist and explorer. ... Some possible Northwest Passage routes through the Canadian archipelago For the film of this name, see Northwest Passage (movie). ... The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... For the American historian, see John Hope Franklin. ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Institution-founding activities

In 1815 Kirby took his MA with the intention of applying for the Professorship of Botany at the University of Cambridge when it should become vacant. A dispute arose as to whether this appointment lay in the grant of the Senate or the Crown. Kirby's Tory political complexion proved a stumbling-block, and in the event John Stevens Henslow was appointed. The University of Cambridge, located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with a reputation as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. ... John Stevens Henslow (February 6, 1796 - May 16, 1861) was an English botanist and geologist. ...

In 1827 Kirby assisted Mr Denny in arranging the natural history specimens at Norwich Museum. In 1832 he helped to establish an early museum in Ipswich under the aegis of the town's Literary Institute, and presented a herbarium and a group of fossils. With Spence he helped to found the Entomological Society of London in 1833, with John Westwood as Secretary, and became its Honorary President for life. On that occasion he presented his own cabinet of insects, collected over more than forty years, which contained many of the specimens figured in his papers. Shown within Norfolk Geography Status: City (1195) Government Region: East of England Administrative County: Norfolk Area: - Total Ranked 322nd 39. ... The Royal Entomological Society of London or , formerly, Entomological Society of London is devoted to insect study. ... John Obadiah Westwood (22 December 1805 - 2 January 1893) was a British entomologist and archaeologist also noted for his artistic talents. ...

Kirby was the original President of the Ipswich Museum, 1847-50, fulfilling a project which he had advocated since 1791, and appeared with William Buckland and others at the opening ceremony. The attached lithograph by T.H. Maguire was copied from the oil portrait by F.H. Bischoff commissioned for and still displayed in the Museum. Professor Henslow succeeded him in this office. IPSWICH MUSEUM Early History 1846-1945 Ipswich Museum was founded in 1846 and opened in 1847 in Museum Street, then newly laid-out, with the specific remit to educate the working classes in natural history. ... William Buckland (12 March 1784 - 24 August 1856) was a prominent English geologist and palaeontologist who wrote the first full account of a fossil dinosaur, a proponent of Old Earth creationism and Flood geology who later became convinced by the glaciation theory of Louis Agassiz. ...

Works

Besides the books already mentioned he was the author of many papers in the Transactions of the Linnean Society, the Zoological Journal and other periodicals; Strictures on Sir James Smith's Hypothesis respecting the Lilies of the Field of our Saviour and the Acanthus of Virgil (1819) and Seven Sermons on our Lords Temptations (1829). His Life by the Rev. John Freeman contains an extensive list of his works. The Linnean Society of London is the worlds premier society for the study and dissemination about taxonomy. ... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

• W. Kirby, Monographia Apum Angliae, 2 vols., 8vo (1802).
• W. Kirby and W. Spence, Introduction to Entomology, 4 vols (1815-1826).
• W. Kirby, The History, Habits and Instincts of Animals, 2 vols (Bridgwater Treatises) (1835).
• A century of insects, including several new genera described from his cabinet. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 12: 375-453 (1818).
• A description of several new species of insects collected in New Holland by Robert Brown, Esq. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 12: 454-482 (1818).
• A description of some coleopterous insects in the collection of the Rev. F.W. Hope, F.L.S. Zoological Journal 3: 520-525 (1828).
• W. Kirby, The Insects. Order Coleoptera. pp. 1-249 in J. Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana (Norwich, Josiah Fletcher, 1837).

See also

Earl of Bridgewater for other Bridgewater Treatise Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater (1756 - February 12, 1829) was a noted British eccentric. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

Sources

• J. Freeman, Life of The Rev William Kirby, MA, FRS, FLS, &c. (Longman Green Brown & Longmans, London 1852).
• R.A.D. Markham, A Rhino in High Street (Ipswich 1990).
• Image Source: Portraits of the Honorary Members of the Ipswich Museum (Portfolio of 60 lithographs by T.H. Maguire) (George Ransome, Ipswich, 1846-1852).