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William McIntosh (1775-1825), also known as White Warrior, was the son of Captain William McIntosh, a member of a prominent Savannah, Georgia family sent into the Creek Nation to recruit them to fight for the British during the Revolutionary War {Captain McIntosh's mother was a sister of Lachlan McGillivray}. His mother, a Creek named Senoya (possibly spelled Senoia), was a member of the prominent Wind Clan. Raised as an Indian, he never knew his Tory father who, after fathering a second son by another Creek woman, returned to Savannah. Because among the Creeks, descent was determined through one's mother; the fact that his father was white was of little importance. McIntosh was a cousin of Georgia Governor George M. Troup Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
City nickname: The Hostess City Location Government County Chatham Mayor Otis S. Johnson Physical characteristics Area Land Water 202. ...
Lachlan McGillivray Lachlan McGillivray was born in 1718 in Drumanglass, Inverneshire, Scotland and died 1799 Isle of Skye, Scotland. ...
The Creeks are an American Indian people originally from the southeastern United States, also known by their original name Muscogee (or Muskogee), the name they use to identify themselves today. ...
The term Tory applied to the Tory Party, the ancestor of the modern UK Conservative Party. ...
George M. Troup George Michael Troup (September 8, 1780 – April 26, 1856) was an American politician who served as the Governor of Georgia during the mid-1820s. ...
During the War of 1812, a civil war between the Upper and Lower Creeks broke out, and McIntosh was selected to head a kind of national police force established by Benjamin Hawkins, an Indian agent, to deal with the nativistic Creek Red Sticks. He gained the enmity of (Alabama's) the Upper Creek Indians by leading General Andrew Jackson's Indian troops during the Creek Indian War of 1813 - 1814, during which the Upper Creeks were defeated. For his services at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend and elsewhere, he was commissioned a Brigadier General in the United States Army. This page refers to the war between the United States of America and Great Britain. ...
The Creek War of 1813-1814 began as a civil war within the Creek Nation. ...
Sen. ...
Red Sticks is the English term for a faction of Creek Indians (known as mvskoke in the language). ...
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845), one of the founders of the Democratic Party, was the seventh President of the United States, serving from 1829 to 1837. ...
The Creek War of 1813-1814 began as a civil war within the Creek Nation. ...
1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
|kyles gay image= |caption=Diorama of the battle from the Horseshoe Bend Museum |battle_name=Battle of Horseshoe Bend |colour_scheme=background:#ffcccc |conflict=Creek War, War of 1812 |date=March 27, 1814 |place=near Wetumpka, Alabama |result=United States victory |combatant1= Creek Indians Red Sticks |combatant2=United States Cherokee Creek...
A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ...
After the Creek Indian War, McIntosh built a plantation on the Chattahoochee River in Carroll County called Lockchau Talofau (Acorn Bluff) that was worked by 72 slaves. (It is near Whitesburg and is today maintained as a park by Carroll County.) The Chattahoochee River runs from the Chattahoochee Spring in the mountains of northeast Georgia, southwestward by Atlanta and through its suburbs, then turns southward to form the southern half of the Georgia/Alabama state line. ...
Carroll County is a county located in the Georgia and was named for Charles Carroll of Maryland, at that time the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence. ...
Whitesburg is a town located in Carroll County, Georgia. ...
In an 1817 letter written to President Madison and signed by McIntosh, Madison was told that, while the more influential Cherokees of mixed blood wanted to swap their land, the "not so much civilized" pure bloods feared the mixed-bloods would--as they did--swap all their land, leaving them "without any land to walk on." The Creeks feared that these Cherokees might--as they already had--take land from the Creeks. 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
James Madison (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836) was the fourth (1809–1817) President of the United States. ...
McIntosh also fought for the United States in the First Seminole War. He gained fame during this war by playing a major role in the capture of the so-called Negro Fort located on the lower Apalachicola. (Georgia slaves escaped and took refuge with the Seminoles in Spanish-held Florida.) The fort was occupied by about 300 black men, women, and children, 20 renegade Choctaws, and a few Seminole warriors. Its defenders were led by a black named Garcon. The downfall of the fort was brought about by an American cannon ball heated red hot setting off a tremendous explosion when it landed in the fort's magazine. Osceola, Seminole leader, detail from an 1838 lithograph The Seminole Wars were three wars or conflicts in Florida between the Seminole Native American tribe and the United States. ...
Fort Gadsden is located in Franklin County, Florida on the Apalachicola River. ...
View of the Apalachicola River near Fort Gadsden, Florida. ...
State nickname: Sunshine State Other U.S. States Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville (largest metropolitan area is Miami) Governor Jeb Bush (R) Senators Bill Nelson (D) Mel Martinez (R) Official language(s) English Area 170,451 km² (22nd) - Land 137,374 km² - Water 30,486 km² (17. ...
Despite the fact the Upper Creeks had vowed to kill anyone who signed away any more Indian land, McIntosh, along with eight other chiefs, on February 12, 1825 signed the Treaty of Indian Springs; thus relinquishing all the Creeks' land in Georgia in exchange for $400,000. Whether he signed the treaty for personal gain or because he believed signing it was in the best interests of the Creek Nation is still argued. February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1825 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
Treaty of Indian Springs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
Despite Governor Troup's promise to protect him, on April 30th about 200 Creeks set fire to McIntosh's plantation and killed him. If his enemies had waited much longer, McIntosh wouldn't have been there, as he was planning to leave soon to look over land promised him along the Arkansas River. Lower Arkansas River The Arkansas River is a tributary of the Mississippi which flows east and southeast through Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma and the state of Arkansas. ...
After his death, his wife Peggy complained in the Cherokee Advocate that, "I do not blame the Creeks, the Creeks treat me well, the Cherokees treat me well--it was by Government my husband lost his life--Government say to my husband 'Go Arkansas, go to Arkansas, and you will be better off.' My husband wished to please the Government--my house is burned, myself and my children run--my children naked--no bread--one blanket, is all--like some stray dog, I suffer; with one blanket I cover my three children and myself--the Government say 'Go!' The Indians kill him; between two fires my husband dies; I wander--Government does not feed me--Creek does not feed me--no home, no bread, nothing! nothing! Till Gen. Ware gives me a home, I suffer like some stray Indian dog."
Reference - Adapted from an article on William McIntosh at Rootsweb © with permission of the author.
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