William Penn
William Penn
Born	October 14, 1644(1644-10-14) London, England
Died	July 30, 1718 Berkshire, England
Spouse	Gulielma Maria Springett, Hannah Margaret Callowhill
Parents	Admiral Sir William Penn and Margaret Jasper

William Penn (October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was founder and "Absolute Proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U.S. state of Pennsylvania. He was known as an early champion of democracy and religious freedom and famous for his treaty with the Lenape Indians. William Penn refers to several things: People William Penn (1644–1718), founder of Pennsylvania. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (719x894, 761 KB) description: William Penn source: http://bpun. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events February to August - Explorer Abel Tasmans second expedition for the Dutch East India Company maps the north coast of Australia. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1718 (MDCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other places named Berkshire, see: Berkshire (disambiguation) Berkshire (IPA: or  ; sometimes abbreviated to Berks) is a county in the south of England, to the west of London and also bordering on Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Greater London, Surrey, Wiltshire and Hampshire. ... Portrait of Anna Callowhill Penn, c. ... Admiral Sir William Penn, 1621–1670 by Sir Peter Lely, painted 1665–1666. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events February to August - Explorer Abel Tasmans second expedition for the Dutch East India Company maps the north coast of Australia. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1718 (MDCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... A map of the Province of Pennsylvania. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... North America North America is a continent [1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... This article is about a type of political territory. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... This article is about the U.S. State. ... For the language, see Lenape language. ...

William Penn is one of the founding fathers of the United States and the only one among them to have single-handedly created a democratic constitution and ruled a huge territory a century before 1776.^[1] Well ahead of his time, Penn wrote and urged for a Union of all the English colonies in what was to become the United States of America. The democratic principles that he set forth in the Pennsylvania Frame(s) of Government served as an inspiration for the United States Constitution. As a pacifist Quaker, Penn considered the problems of war and peace deeply, and included a plan for a United States of Europe, "European Dyet, Parliament or Estates," in his voluminous writings. British colonization of the Americas (including colonization under the Kingdom of England before the 1707 Acts of Union created the Kingdom of Great Britain) began in the late 16th century, before reaching its peak after colonies were established throughout the Americas, and a protectorate was established in Hawaii. ... Penns draft of the First Frame The Frame of Government of Pennsylvania was a constitution for the Pennsylvania Colony, a proprietary colony granted to William Penn by Charles II of England. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: The United States Constitution The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. ... Pacifist may mean: an advocate of pacifism. ... The Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as Quakers, or Friends, is a religious community founded in England in the 17th century. ... The United States of Europe (sometimes abbreviated U.S.E. or USE) is a name given to several similar speculative scenarios of the unification of Europe, as a single nation and a single federation of states, similar to the United States of America, both as projected by writers of speculative...

Early life

Penn was born in London in 1644, the son of Admiral Sir William Penn and Margaret Jasper, the daughter of a Rotterdam merchant. His father served in the Royal Navy (controlled by parliament) during the English Civil War and was rewarded by Cromwell with estates in Ireland. Later, though, his father took part in the restoration of Charles II and was knighted by him. Penn was educated at Chigwell School, by private tutors in Ireland and then at Christ Church, Oxford^[2] Admiral Sir William Penn, 1621–1670 by Sir Peter Lely, painted 1665–1666. ... Nickname: Motto: Sterker door strijd (Stronger through Struggle) Location of Rotterdam Coordinates: , Country Province Government  - Mayor Ivo Opstelten  - Aldermen Jeannette Baljeu Hamit Karakus Orhan Kaya Lucas Bolsius Jantine Kriens Dominic Schrijer Roelf de Boer Leonard Geluk Area [1]  - Total 319 km² (123. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see English Civil War (disambiguation). ... Cromwell is the name of the following places: Cromwell, New Zealand Cromwell, Connecticut, United States of America Cromwell, Indiana, United States of America Cromwell, Iowa, United States of America Cromwell, Minnesota, United States of America Cromwell Township, Minnesota, United States of America Cromwell Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America People... Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ... Chigwell School is an English co-educational public school in Chigwell, in the Epping Forest district of Essex. ... and of the Christ Church College name Christ Church Latin name Ædes Christi Named after Jesus Christ Established 1546 Sister college Trinity College, Cambridge Dean The Very Revd Christopher Andrew Lewis JCR president Laura Ellis Undergraduates 426 GCR president Tim Benjamin Graduates 154 Location of Christ Church within central Oxford...

Religious beliefs

Although born into a distinguished Anglican family, Penn joined the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers, at the age of 22. Quakers obey the "inner light", which they believed to be directly from God, refuse to take up arms, and historically refused to bow or take off their hats to any man. Penn was a close friend of George Fox, the founder of the Quakers, and in 1696 was married in an earlier building on the site of Quakers Friars in Bristol.^[3] These were times of turmoil, just after Oliver Cromwell's death, and the Quakers were suspected as heretics because of their principles which differed from the state-imposed religion and because of their refusal to swear oaths of loyalty to Cromwell or the King. Quakers obeyed the command of Jesus not to swear, reported in the Gospel of Matthew, 5:34. Main article: Anglicanism The Anglican Communion is a world-wide affiliation of Anglican Churches. ... Quaker redirects here. ... The concept of the Inner Light is central to many versions of Quaker (or Religious Society of Friends) theology. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... For other persons named George Fox, see George Fox (disambiguation). ... , Quakers Friars (grid reference ST592733) is a historic building in Broadmead, Bristol, England. ... This article is about the English city. ... Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 – 3 September 1658) was an English military and political leader best known for his involvement in making England into a republican Commonwealth and for his later role as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... The Gospel of Matthew (literally, according to Matthew; Greek, Κατά Μαθθαίον or Κατά Ματθαίον, Kata Maththaion or Kata Matthaion) is a synoptic gospel in the New Testament, one of four canonical gospels. ...

Penn's views were extremely distressing to his father, Admiral Sir William Penn, who hoped that Penn's charisma and intelligence would be able to win him favor at the court of Charles II. In 1668, Penn was imprisoned for writing a tract (The Sandy Foundation Shaken) which attacked the doctrine of the trinity. Admiral Sir William Penn, 1621–1670 by Sir Peter Lely, painted 1665–1666. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ...

Penn traveled frequently with George Fox, through Europe and England, in their ministry. He also wrote a comprehensive, detailed explanation of Quakerism along with a testimony to the character of George Fox, in his introduction to the autobiographical Journal of George Fox.^[4]

Persecutions

Penn had his earliest religious experience at Chigwell School. Thereafter, young Penn's religious views effectively exiled him from English society—he was sent down (expelled) from Christ Church, Oxford for being a Quaker, and was arrested several times. Among the most famous of these was the trial following his arrest with William Meade for preaching before a Quaker gathering. Penn pleaded for his right to see a copy of the charges laid against him and the laws he had supposedly broken, but the judge, the Lord Mayor of London, refused—even though this right was guaranteed by the law. In religious experience, or sacred experience, the believer comes in contact with transcendental reality. ... and of the Christ Church College name Christ Church Latin name Ædes Christi Named after Jesus Christ Established 1546 Sister college Trinity College, Cambridge Dean The Very Revd Christopher Andrew Lewis JCR president Laura Ellis Undergraduates 426 GCR president Tim Benjamin Graduates 154 Location of Christ Church within central Oxford... Former Lord Mayor of London John Stuttard during the parade on November 11, 2006 Michael Berry Savory, Lord Mayor 2004–2005 The Right Honourable Lord Mayor of London is the Mayor of the City of London and head of the Corporation of London. ...

Despite heavy pressure from the Lord Mayor to convict the men, the jury returned a verdict of "not guilty". The Lord Mayor then told the jury, "If that be your verdict, your verdict be damned." and not only had Penn sent to jail again (on a charge of contempt of court), but also the full jury. The members of the jury, fighting their case from prison, managed to win the right for all English juries to be free from the control of judges and to judge not just the facts of the case, but the law itself.^[5] This case was one of the more important trials that shaped the future concept of American freedom (see jury nullification) and was a victory for the use of the writ of habeas corpus as a means of freeing those unlawfully detained. The persecution of Quakers became so fierce that Penn decided that it would be better to establish a new, free, Quaker settlement in North America. Some Quakers had already moved to North America, but the New England Puritans, especially, were as negative towards Quakers as the people back home, and some of them had been banished to the Caribbean. Jury nullification refers to a rendering of a not guilty verdict by a trial jury, disagreeing with the instructions by the judge concerning what is the law, or whether such law is applicable to the case, taking into account all of the evidence presented. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... For the record label, see Puritan Records. ... West Indies redirects here. ...

The founding of Pennsylvania

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First Draft of the Frame of Government, Pennsylvania's first constitution written by Penn (c. 1681)

In 1677, a group of prominent Quakers that included Penn received the colonial province of West New Jersey (half of the current state of New Jersey). That same year, two hundred settlers from the towns of Chorleywood and Rickmansworth in Hertfordshire and other towns in nearby Buckinghamshire arrived, and founded the town of Burlington. Penn, who was involved in the project but himself remained in England, drafted a charter of liberties for the settlement. He guaranteed free and fair trial by jury, freedom of religion, freedom from unjust imprisonment and free elections. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1131x1431, 508 KB) Summary Source: Dunn / Dunn (eds. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1131x1431, 508 KB) Summary Source: Dunn / Dunn (eds. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Chorleywood is a town in the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom. ... , Rickmansworth is a town in the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire, England, 4¼ miles (7km) west of Watford. ... For the similarly named county in the West Midlands region, see Herefordshire. ... Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is one of the home counties in South East England. ... The City of Burlington highlighted in Burlington County. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Penns draft of the First Frame The Frame of Government of Pennsylvania was a constitution for the Province of Pennsylvania, a proprietary colony granted to William Penn by Charles II of England. ... Trial by Jury is a comic Gilbert and Sullivan operetta in one act (the only single-act Savoy Opera). ... The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen guarantees freedom of religion, as long as religious activities do not infringe on public order in ways detrimental to society. ...

King Charles II of England had a large loan from Penn's father, after whose death, King Charles settled by granting Penn a large area west and south of New Jersey on March 4, 1681. Penn called the area Sylvania (Latin for woods), which Charles changed to Pennsylvania in honor of the elder Penn. Perhaps the king was glad to have a place where religious and political outsiders (like the Quakers, or the Whigs, who wanted more influence for the people's representatives) could have their own place, far away from England. One of the first counties of Pennsylvania was called Bucks County, named after Buckinghamshire (Bucks) in England, the Penn family seat and original home of many of the first settlers. is the 63rd day of the year (64th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 4 - Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn for the area that will later become Pennsylvania. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Although Penn's authority over the colony was officially subject only to that of the king, through his Frame of Government he implemented a democratic system with full freedom of religion, fair trials, elected representatives of the people in power, and a separation of powers— ideas that would later form the basis of the American constitution. The freedom of religion in Pennsylvania (complete freedom of religion for everybody who believed in God) brought not only English, Welsh, German and Dutch Quakers to the colony, but also Huguenots (French Protestants), Mennonites, Amish, Lutherans from Catholic German states, and Jews. His ideas were later studied by Benjamin Franklin as well as the pamphleteer of the American Revolution, Thomas Paine, whose father was a Quaker. Among Penn's legacies is the unwillingness to force a Quaker majority upon Pennsylvania; he may have wished it but his officials (including in the first Provincial Assembly) were representative of the Dutch, German, Finnish and Swede settlers as much as of the members of the Society of Friends (Quakers). Penns draft of the First Frame The Frame of Government of Pennsylvania was a constitution for the Pennsylvania Colony, a proprietary colony granted to William Penn by Charles II of England. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Separation of powers is a term coined by French political Enlightenment thinker Baron de Montesquieu[1][2], is a model for the governance of democratic states. ... In the 16th and 17th centuries, the name of Huguenots came to apply to members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... Benjamin Franklin (January 17 [O.S. January 6] 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the most well known Founding Fathers of the United States. ... John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen... For other persons of the same name, see Thomas Paine (disambiguation). ...

Penn had hoped that Pennsylvania would be a profitable venture for himself and his family. Penn marketed the colony throughout Europe in various languages and, as a result, settlers flocked to Pennsylvania. Despite Pennsylvania's rapid growth and diversity, the colony never turned a profit for Penn or his family. In fact, Penn would later be imprisoned in England for debt and, at the time of his death in 1718, he was penniless.

Wampum belt given to William Penn at the "Great Treaty" in 1682

From 1682 to 1684 Penn lived in the Province of Pennsylvania. Penn designed Philadelphia ("Brotherly Love") and conceived of it as a "greene Country Towne". His design for the city was in a rectangular grid with large lots, dividing the city into four quadrants.^[6] After the building plans for the city had been completed, and Penn's political ideas had been put into a workable form, Penn explored the interior. He befriended the local Indians (primarily of the Lenni Lenape, which Europeans referred to as the 'Delaware' tribe), and ensured that they were paid fairly for their lands. Penn even learned several different Indian dialects in order to communicate in negotiations without interpreters. Penn introduced laws saying that if a European did an Indian wrong, there would be a fair trial, with an equal number of people from both groups deciding the matter. His measures in this matter proved successful: even though later colonists did not treat the Indians as fairly as Penn and his first group of colonists had done, colonists and Indians remained at peace in Pennsylvania much longer than in the other English colonies. Image File history File linksMetadata Wampum_William_Penn_Great_Treaty. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Wampum_William_Penn_Great_Treaty. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... For the language, see Lenape language. ... A peace dove, widely known as a symbol for peace, featuring an olive branch in the doves beak. ...

Penn began construction of Pennsbury Manor, his intended country estate in Bucks County on the right bank of the Delaware River, in 1683. Pennsbury Manor, located in Morrisville, Pennsylvania, was the home of William Penn, founder and first governor of Pennsylvania. ... Bucks County is a county located in the state of Pennsylvania. ... For the Delaware River in Kansas, see Delaware River (Kansas) The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. ...

Penn's Treaty with the Indians, from US Capitol Rotunda.

Penn also made a treaty with the Indians at Shackamaxon (near Kensington in Philadelphia) under an elm tree. A park (Penn Treaty Park) and a monument mark the site where the Treaty took place, as well there is an online museum that documents the treaty (see the external links below under Penn Treaty Museum) Image File history File links Penn_capitol_frieze. ... Image File history File links Penn_capitol_frieze. ... The center area of the US Capitol Building. ...

Penn chose to acquire lands for his colony through business rather than conquest. He paid the Indians 1200 pounds for their land under the treaty, an amount considered fair. Voltaire praised this "Great Treaty" as "the only treaty between those people [Indians and Europeans] that was not ratified by an oath, and that was never infringed." Many regard the Great Treaty as a myth that sprung up around Penn. However, the story has had enduring power. The event has taken iconic status and is commemorated in a frieze on the United States Capitol (see image at right). For the singer of the same name, see Voltaire (musician). ... The United States Capitol is the capitol building that serves as the location for the United States Congress, the legislative branch of the U.S. federal government. ...

Penn visited America once more, in 1699. In those years, he put forward a plan to make a federation of all English colonies in America. There have been claims that he also fought slavery, but that seems unlikely, as he owned and even traded slaves himself. However, he did promote good treatment for slaves, and other Pennsylvania Quakers were among the earliest fighters against slavery. Slave redirects here. ...

Penn had wished to settle in Philadelphia himself, but financial problems forced him back to England in 1701. His financial advisor, Philip Ford, had cheated him out of thousands of pounds, and he had nearly lost Pennsylvania through Ford's machinations. The next decade of Penn's life was mainly filled with various court cases against Ford. He tried to sell Pennsylvania back to the English Crown, but, while the deal was still being discussed, Penn suffered a stroke, in 1712, after which he was unable to speak or take care of himself. For other uses, see Stroke (disambiguation). ...

Penn died, in 1718, at his home in Ruscombe, near Twyford in Berkshire, and was buried next to his first wife in the cemetery of the Jordans Quaker meeting house near Chalfont St Giles in Buckinghamshire in England. Ruscombe is a small village/parish in Berkshire, England in the Wokingham district. ... Twyford is a small town and civil parish in the English county of Berkshire. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... , Chalfont St Giles is a village in south east Buckinghamshire in the United Kingdom, on the edge of the Chilterns, 25 miles from London, and near to Seer Green, Jordans, Chalfont St Peter, Little Chalfont and Amersham. ...

His family retained ownership of the colony of Pennsylvania until the American Revolution. John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen...

Family

He first married Gulielma Maria Springett (1644-1694), daughter of William S. Springet and Lady Mary Proude Penington. They had three sons and four daughters.

His second marriage was to Hannah Margaret Callowhill (1671-1727), daughter of Thomas Callowhill and Anna (Hannah) Hollister. William Penn married Hannah when she was 24 and he was 52. They had eight children in twelve years. The first died in infancy. The other children were: Portrait of Anna Callowhill Penn, c. ...

• John Penn (1699-1746), never married.
• Thomas Penn (1702-1775), married Lady Juliana Fermore, fourth daughter of Thomas, first Earl of Pomfret.
• Margaret Penn (b. 1704)
• Richard Penn (1706-1771)
• Dennis Penn (b. 1707, d. before 1727)
• Hannah Penn (b. 1708)

Penn's family line still resides in England, America and Australia. His family is Buried in London. A number of persons have been called John Penn : John Penn, (1729-1795), British colonial governor of Pennsylvania John Penn, (1741-1788), Continental Congressman from North Carolina John Penn (1805-1875), British marine engine engineer, invented lignum vitae bearing for propellor shafts, twice president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. ... Thomas Penn (1702 – 1775) was a son of William Penn who founded the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony that became the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ... The title of Earl of Pomfret was created in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1721 and became extinct upon the death of the 5th Earl in 1867. ...

Posthumous Honors

Bronze statue of William Penn atop Philadelphia City Hall

On November 28, 1984 Ronald Reagan, upon an Act of Congress by Presidential Proclamation 5284 declared William Penn and his second wife, Hannah Callowhill Penn, each to be an Honorary Citizen of the United States.^[7] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1488x1984, 493 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): William Penn Philadelphia City Hall User:JVinocur/Images Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1488x1984, 493 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): William Penn Philadelphia City Hall User:JVinocur/Images Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Reagan redirects here. ... An Act of Vaginapenis is a bill or resolution adopted by both houses of the United States Congress to which one of the following events has happened: Acceptance by the President of the United States, Inaction by the President after ten days from reception (excluding Sundays) while the Congress is... Portrait of Anna Callowhill Penn, c. ... A non-United States citizen of exceptional merit may be declared an Honorary Citizen of the United States by the President pursuant to an Act of Congress. ...

There is a widely told, probably apocryphal, story that one time when Fox and Penn met, Penn expressed concern over wearing a sword (a standard part of dress for people of Penn's station), and how this was not in keeping with Quaker beliefs. George Fox responded, "Wear it as long as thou canst." Later, according to the story, Penn again met Fox, but this time without the sword; Penn said, "I have taken thy advice; I wore it as long as I could."^{[citation needed]}

There is a statue of William Penn atop the City Hall building of Philadelphia, sculpted by Alexander Milne Calder. At one time, there was a gentlemen's agreement that no building should be higher than Penn's statue. One Liberty Place was the first of several buildings in the late 1980s to be built higher than Penn. The statue is referenced by the so-called Curse of Billy Penn. A lesser-known statue of Penn is located at Penn Treaty Park, on the site where Penn entered into his treaty with the Lenape. In 1893, Hajoca Corporation, the nation’s largest privately held wholesale distributor of plumbing, heating and industrial supplies, adopted the statue as its trademark symbol. Philadelphia City Hall is the seat of government for the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ... Alexander Milne Calder (1846 – 1923) Biography American sculptor, born in Aberdeen, Scotland, the son of a tombstone carver. ... A Gentlemens agreement is an informal agreement between two or more parties. ... The One Liberty Place Building is currently the tallest building and skyscraper in the City of Philadelphia and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. ... The Curse of William Penn is an alleged curse, sometimes used to explain the failure of professional sports teams based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to win championships since the March 1987 addition of the One Liberty Place skyscraper, which exceeded the height of William Penns statue atop Philadelphia City Hall. ... This article should appear in one or more categories. ...

A common misconception is that the smiling Quaker shown on boxes of Quaker Oats is William Penn. The Quaker Oats Company has stated that this is not true (see Quaker Oats Logo). Quaker Oats Company makes many types and flavors of oatmeal. ... -1... -1...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

William Penn

• Lesson Plan: William Penn's Peaceable Kingdom
• William Penn Appleton and Klos Biography
• The Life of William Penn by M. L. Weems, 1829. Full-text free to read and search version of Tim Unterreiner biography from 1829 original published in Philadelphia.
• William Penn, Visionary Proprietor by Tuomi J. Forrest, at the University of Virginia
• William Penn, America's First Great Champion for Liberty and Peace by Jim Powell
• William Penn by Bill Samuel
• Penn's Holy Experiment: The Seed of a Nation
• "William Penn and his Government", History of Delaware, 1609-1888 (1888) by Tim Unterreiner
• Penn in the Tower of London
• Hidden London Penn in the Tower
• Quaker.org - many links on Quaker subjects
• original version of this article (copied with permission)
• "Pennsylvania's Anarchist Experiment: 1681-1690," Prof. Murray N. Rothbard, excerpt from Conceived in Liberty, Vol. 1 (Auburn, Alabama: The Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1999)
• William Penn's Gravesite
• Penn Treaty Museum

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Wikiquote is one of a family of wiki-based projects run by the Wikimedia Foundation, running on MediaWiki software. ... Ludwig von Mises Institute for Austrian Economics, Auburn, Alabama The Ludwig von Mises Institute (LvMI), based in Auburn, Alabama, is a libertarian academic organisation engaged in research and scholarship in the fields of economics, philosophy and political economy. ...

Penn's works online

• True Spiritual Liberty (1681)
• Some Fruits of Solitude In Reflections And Maxims (1682)
• Frame Of Government Of Pennsylvania (1682) From the Avalon Project, Yale Law School.
• Letter to his wife, Gulielma (1682)
• Early Quaker writings contains several documents by Penn and his wife.
• A Key (1692)
• Primitive Christianity Revived (1696)
• Preface to George Fox's Journal (1694)
• An Essay towards the Present and Future Peace of Europe by the Establishment of an European Dyet, Parliament or Estates (1693)