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Encyclopedia > Willow Tit
iWillow Tit

Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Paridae
Genus: Poecile
Species: P. montana
Binomial name
Poecile montana
(Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827)
Synonyms

Parus montanus Image File history File links Parus_atricapillus_2_(Marek_Szczepanek). ... The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species continuing to survive. ... Image File history File links Status_iucn3. ... Least concern (LC) is an IUCN category assigned to species or lower taxa which do not qualify for any other category. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Phyla Placozoa (trichoplax) Orthonectida (orthonectids) Rhombozoa (dicyemids) Subregnum Parazoa Porifera (sponges) Subregnum Eumetazoa Radiata (unranked) (radial symmetry) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anemones) Bilateria (unranked) (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Myxozoa (slime animals) Superphylum Deuterostomia (blastopore becomes anus) Chordata (vertebrates, etc. ... {{{subdivision_ranks}}} See below Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. ... For other meanings of bird, see bird (disambiguation). ... Families Many, see text A passerine is a bird of the giant order Passeriformes. ... Genera see text The tits, chickadees, and titmice, family Paridae, are a large family of small passerine birds which occur in the northern hemisphere and Africa. ... In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ... Thomas Conrad von Baldenstein (September 14, 1784 - January 28, 1878) was a Swiss naturalist. ... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... In scientific classification, synonymy is the existence of multiple systematic names to label the same organism. ...

The Willow Tit (Poecile montana) is a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae. It is a widespread and common resident breeder throughout temperate and subarctic Europe and northern Asia. It is more of a conifer specialist than the closely related Marsh Tit, which explains it breeding much further north. It is resident, and most birds do not migrate. Families Many, see text A passerine is a bird of the giant order Passeriformes. ... For other meanings of bird, see bird (disambiguation). ... Genera See text. ... European redirects here. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... Orders & Families Cordaitales † Pinales   Pinaceae - Pine family   Araucariaceae - Araucaria family   Podocarpaceae - Yellow-wood family   Sciadopityaceae - Umbrella-pine family   Cupressaceae - Cypress family   Cephalotaxaceae - Plum-yew family   Taxaceae - Yew family Vojnovskyales † Voltziales † The conifers, division Pinophyta, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the Kingdom Plantae. ... Binomial name Poecile palustris (Linnaeus, 1758) Synonyms Parus palustris The Marsh Tit, Poecile palustris, is a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae. ... // Long-distance land bird migration Many species of land migratory birds migrate very long distances, the most common pattern being for birds to breed in the temperate or arctic northern hemisphere and winter in warmer regions, often in the tropics or the temperate zones of the southern hemisphere. ...


In the east of its range it is much paler than Marsh Tit, but as one goes west the various races become increasingly similar, so much so that it was not recognised as a breeding bird in Great Britain until the end of the 19th century, despite being widespread, and replacing the other species completely in Scotland. Motto: (Eng: No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen of the UK Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by...


The Willow Tit is distinguished from the Marsh Tit by a sooty brown instead of a glossy blue black cap; the general colour is otherwise similar, though the under parts are more buff and the flanks distinctly more rufous; the pale buff edgings to the secondaries form a light patch on the closed wing. The feathers of the crown and the black bib under the bill are longer, but this is not an easily noticed character. However, the more graduated tail (not square) shows distinctly when spread. Length is 11.5 cm, and wings range from 60-70 mm.


The commonest call is a nasal zee, zee, zee, but the notes of the bird evidently vary considerably. Occasionally a double note, ipsee, ipsee, is repeated four or five times.


The Willow Tit often excavates its own nesting hole, even piercing hard bark; this is usually in a rotten stump or in a tree, more or less decayed. Most nests examined are cups of felted material, such as fur, hair and wood chips, but feathers are sometimes used. The number of eggs varies from six to nine, with reddish spots or blotches. Two feathers Feathers are one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. ...


Birds feed on caterpillars, insects and seeds, much like other tits. The striking caterpillar of the Emperor Gum Moth This article is about insect larva. ... Orders See taxonomy Insects are invertebrates that are taxonomically referred to as the class Insecta. ...


Systematics

Most authorities retain Poecile as a subgenus within the genus Parus, but the American Ornithologists' Union treats it as a distinct genus. This is supported by mtDNA cytochrome b sequence analysis; within Poecile, the Marsh Tit is part of a group of Eurasian "typical chickadees" that includes also the March Tit, Père David's Tit, and in all probability also the Songar Tit.(Gill et al., 2005) The American Ornithologists Union (AOU) is the oldest and largest organization in the New World devoted to the scientific study of birds. ... In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a taxonomic grouping. ... Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is DNA which is not located in the nucleus of the cell but in the mitochondria. ... CoQ Cytochrome c reductase The Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase complex, sometimes called the cytochrome bc1 complex, and at other times Complex III, is the third complex in the electron transfer chain (PDB 1KYO, EC 1. ... part of a DNA sequence A DNA sequence (sometimes genetic sequence) is a succession of letters representing the primary structure of a real or hypothetical DNA molecule or strand, The possible letters are A, C, G, and T, representing the four nucleotide subunits of a DNA strand (adenine, cytosine, guanine...


Trivia

The bird was immortalised in 1885 by Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta, The Mikado, in the song "Willow Tit Willow". W. S. Gilbert Sir Arthur Sullivan Librettist W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and composer Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900) collaborated on a series of fourteen comic operas in Victorian England between 1871 and 1896. ... The Mikado, or The Town of Titipu, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations. ...


References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Parus montanus
  • BirdLife International (2004). Parus montanus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
  • Gill, Frank B.; Slikas, Beth & Sheldon, Frederick H. (2005): Phylogeny of titmice (Paridae): II. Species relationships based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. Auk 122: 121-143. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0121:POTPIS]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract

  Results from FactBites:
 
Diversity indices and coalescence times within populations (382 words)
The nucleotide diversity (π) estimated within lineages was 0.53 % in the willow tit, 0.19% in the great tit and 0.19% in the northern lineage of the blue tits (diversity within southern lineage was 0.3%, but consisted of only two birds).
Willow tits had the largest estimate of effective population size (115 000) while great tits and the northern lineage of blue tits had lower estimates (47 000 and 49 000, respectively).
The coalescence time of the great tits and the blue tits (93 500 years and 96 000-120 000 years, respectively) was more recent and fits to the occurrence of the latest glaciation.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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