Winchester Cathedral as seen from the Cathedral Close

View along the nave of Winchester Cathedral to the west door

A plan published in 1911

View of Winchester Cathedral

Winchester Cathedral at Winchester in Hampshire is one of the largest cathedrals in England, said to be the second longest, and with the longest nave, in Europe. It is dedicated to the Holy Trinity, Saint Peter, Saint Paul and Saint Swithun and is the seat of the Bishop of Winchester and centre of the Diocese of Winchester. Winchester Cathedral as seen from Cathedral Close. ... Winchester Cathedral as seen from Cathedral Close. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (581x882, 378 KB) View along the nave of Winchester Cathedral to the west door. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (581x882, 378 KB) View along the nave of Winchester Cathedral to the west door. ... Image File history File links WinchesterCathplan. ... Image File history File links WinchesterCathplan. ... Winchester Cathedral from the side, taken by CGS on June 11, 2003. ... Winchester Cathedral from the side, taken by CGS on June 11, 2003. ... Winchester Cathedral as seen from the Cathedral Close Arms of Winchester City Council Winchester is a city in southern England, and the administrative capital of the county of Hampshire, with a population of around 35,000. ... Hampshire, sometimes historically Southamptonshire or Hamptonshire, (abbr. ... A cathedral is a religious building for worship, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Roman Catholic, Anglican and some Lutheran churches, which serves as a bishops seat, and thus as the central church of a diocese. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ... For other uses, see Trinity (disambiguation). ... Saint Peter, also known as Simon ben Jonah/BarJonah, Simon Peter, Cephas and Kepha — original name Simon or Simeon (Acts 15:14) — was one of the Twelve Apostles whom Jesus chose as his original disciples. ... Paul of Tarsus (b. ... St. ... Arms of the Bishop of Winchester The diocese of Winchester is one of the oldest and most important in England. ... The Diocese of Winchester forms part of the Province of Canterbury in England. ...

Pre-Norman cathedral

Main article: Old Minster, Winchester

The cathedral was originally founded in 642 on an immediately adjoining site to the north. This building was known as the Old Minster. It became part of a monastic settlement in 971. Saint Swithun was buried near the Old Minster and then in it, before being moved to the new Norman cathedral. Mortuary chests said to contain the remains of Saxon kings, first buried in the Old Minster, are also housed in the present cathedral. The Old Minster was demolished in 1093. The Old Minster was the Anglo-Saxon cathedral for the diocese of Wessex and then Winchester from 660 to 1093. ... The Old Minster was the Anglo-Saxon cathedral for the diocese of Wessex and then Winchester from 660 to 1093. ... St. ... The Nave of Durham Cathedral demonstrates the characteristic round arched style, though use of shallow pointed arches above the nave anticipates the Gothic style. ... The famous parade helmet found at Sutton Hoo, probably belonging to King Raedwald of East Anglia circa 625. ... Demolition of the Old Myer Building, Perth, Western Australia. ...

Brief history

Construction of the cathedral began in 1079 under bishop Walkelin. The earliest part of the present building is the crypt, which dates from that time. William II of England (son of William I 'the Conqueror') was buried in the cathedral on 11 August 1100, after he was killed in a hunting accident in the nearby New Forest. The squat, square central tower was begun in 1202 to replace an earlier version which collapsed on top of him. It has an indisputably Norman look to it. Work continued on the cathedral during the 14th century, in 1394 the remodelling of the Norman nave commenced to the designs of master mason William Wynford, this continued into the 15th and 16th centuries, notably with the building of the retrochoir to accommodate the many pilgrims to the shrine of Saint Swithun. The Benedictine foundation, the Priory of Saint Swithun, was dissolved in 1539. The cloister and chapter house were demolished, but the cathedral continued. Walkelin or Walchelin, (died 1098), first Norman bishop of Winchester. ... Crypt is also a commonly used name of water trumpets, aquatic plants. ... William II (c. ... William I of England (c. ... August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events William II of England dies in a hunting accident - Henry I becomes King of England King Henry I proclaims the Charter of Liberties, one of the first examples of a constitution. ... For other uses, see New Forest (disambiguation). ... The Nave of Durham Cathedral demonstrates the characteristic round arched style, though use of shallow pointed arches above the nave anticipates the Gothic style. ... William Wynford (flourished 1360-1405)[1] was one of the most successful English master masons of the 14th century, using the new Perpendicular Gothic style. ... Monument to pilgrims in Burgos, Spain This article is on religious pilgrims. ... Eastern Orthodox shrine Buddhist shrine just outside Wat Phnom. ... St. ... A Benedictine is a person who follows the Rule of St Benedict. ... The Dissolution of the Monasteries, referred to by Roman Catholic writers as the Suppression of the Monasteries, was the formal process during the English Reformation by which King Henry VIII confiscated the property of the monastic institutions in England between 1538 and 1541. ... Cloister of Saint Trophimus, in Arles, France A cloister (from latin claustrum) is a part of cathedral, monastic and abbey architecture. ... A chapter house is a building or room attached to a cathedral or collegiate church in which meetings are held. ...

Restoration work was carried out by T.G. Jackson during the years 1905–1912, including the famous saving of the building from total collapse. Some waterlogged foundations on the south and east walls were reinforced by a diver, William Walker, packing the foundations with more than 25,000 bags of concrete, 115,000 concrete blocks and 900,000 bricks. He worked six hours a day from 1906 to 1912 in total darkness at depths up to 6 m, and is credited with saving the cathedral from total collapse. For his troubles he was awarded the MVO. William Walker (died 1918) was a diver. ... The metre, or meter (U.S.), is a measure of length. ... Victoria founded the Royal Victorian Order. ...

Events

Important events which took place at Winchester Cathedral include:

• Coronation of Henry the Young King and his queen, Marguerite (1172)
• Second coronation of Richard I of England (1194)
• Marriage of King Henry IV of England and Joanna of Navarre (1403)
• Marriage of Queen Mary I of England and King Philip II of Spain (1554)

Henry, the Young King Henry the Young King (February 28, 1155–June 11, 1183) was the second of five sons of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. ... ≈68. ... // Birth and life before accession - relationship with Richard II - exile - return and usurpation Henry IV (April 3, 1367 – March 20, 1413) was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence the other name by which he was known, Henry of Bolingbroke. His father, John of Gaunt was the third and oldest... Joanna of Navarre (1370? - 1437) was the daughter of Charles the Bad, King of Navarre. ... Queen Mary I of England (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 6 July 1553 (de facto) or 19 July 1553 (de jure) until her death. ... Philip II of Spain Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II de Habsburgo; Portuguese: Filipe I) (May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598) was the first official King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until 1598, King of England (as King-consort of Mary I) from...

Features

Construction (Crucifixion): Homage to Mondrian, outside Winchester Cathedral

Explanation of Construction (Crucifixion): Homage to Mondrian

Nowadays the cathedral draws many tourists as a result of its association with Jane Austen, who died in the city and is buried in the cathedral's north aisle of the nave. The original 19th-century marker gave reluctant praise for her writing ability. Much later a more descriptive marker about Austen's talent was placed on a nearby wall. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3072x2304, 3176 KB) Suzanne Knights, my photo, xmas 2006 I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3072x2304, 3176 KB) Suzanne Knights, my photo, xmas 2006 I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3072x2304, 3127 KB) Suzanne Knights, my photo, xmas 2006 I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3072x2304, 3127 KB) Suzanne Knights, my photo, xmas 2006 I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... In a modern church an aisle is a row down the middle of the church with a set of pews on each side. ... Links to full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are also found at the entry Cathedral diagram. ...

In the south transept there is a "Fishermen's Chapel," which is the burial place of Izaak Walton. Walton, who died in 1683, was the author of The Compleat Angler and a friend of John Donne. Cathedral ground plan. ... Izaak Walton (August 9, 1593 - December 15, 1683) was an English writer, author of The Compleat Angler. ...

The Epiphany Chapel has a series of Pre-Raphaelite stained glass windows designed by Sir Edward Burne-Jones and made in William Morris's workshop. The foliage decoration above and below each pictorial panel is unmistakably William Morris and at least one of the figures bears a striking resemblance to Morris's wife Jane, who frequently posed for Dante Gabriel Rossetti and other members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a group of English painters, poets and critics, founded in 1848 by John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Holman Hunt. ... Strictly speaking, stained glass is glass that has been painted with silver stain and then fired. ... Love Among the Ruins, by Edward Burne-Jones. ... William Morris, socialist and innovator in the Arts and Crafts movement William Morris, publisher Davids Charge to Solomon (1882), a stained-glass window by Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris in Trinity Church, Boston, Massachusetts. ... Jane Burden (October 19, 1839 – January 1914) was the embodiment of the Pre-Raphaelite ideal of beauty. ... Dante Gabriel Rossetti (May 12, 1828 - April 10, 1882) was an English poet, painter and translator. ... Persephone, by Dante Gabriel Rossetti. ...

The crypt, which frequently floods, features a statue by Antony Gormley, called "Sound II", installed in 1986, and there is a modern shrine to Saint Swithun. Angel of the North Antony Gormley (born 1950) is an English sculptor, best known as the creator of Angel of the North, a public sculpture in Gateshead. ...

A series of nine icons were installed between 1992 and 1996 in the retroquire screen which for a short time protected the relics of St Swithun destroyed by Henry VIII in 1538. This iconostasis in the Russion Orthodox tradition was created by Sergei Fedorov (sometimes spelt Fyodorov) and dedicated in 1997. The icons include the local religious figures St Swithun and St Birinus. Beneath the retroquire Icons is the Holy Hole once used by pilgrims to crawl beneath and lie close to the healing shrine of St Swithun. The 'external link' below connects to images of each icon and the retroquire.

The cathedral also possesses the only diatonic ring of 14 church bells in the world, with a tenor (heaviest bell) weighing 36 cwt (or approximately 1.83 metric tonnes). Church bell from Saleby, Västergötland, Sweden containing an inscription from 1228 in the Runic alphabet A church bell is a bell which is rung in a (especially Christian) church either to signify the hour or the time for worshippers to go to church, perhaps to attend a wedding... Hundred weight or hundredweight is a unit of measurement for mass in both the system of measurement used in the United Kingdom (and previously throughout the British Commonwealth), and in the system used in the United States. ...

Organ and Organists

Organ

Details of the organ from the National Pipe Organ Register

Organists

Samuel Sebastian Wesley (14 August 1810 — 19 April 1876) was an English organist and composer. ...

Trivia

• Burial place of King Edwy of England and his wife Queen Elgiva.
• Winchester Cathedral and the associated Diocese are the setting for Anthony Trollope's novel of 19th century Church life, Barchester Towers.
• Winchester Cathedral is possibly the only cathedral to have had popular songs written about it. "Winchester Cathedral" was a UK top ten hit and a US number one song for The New Vaudeville Band in 1966. The cathedral was also the subject of the Crosby, Stills & Nash song, "Cathedral".
• In 2005, the building was used as a film-set for the movie version of The Da Vinci Code with the north transept used as the Vatican. The cathedral also hosted discussions and displays to debunk the book.

Edwy All-Fair or Eadwig (941? – October 1, 959) was the King of England from 955 until his death. ... Elgiva was the wife of king Edwy of England. ... Anthony Trollope (April 24, 1815 – December 6, 1882) became one of the most successful, prolific and respected English novelists of the Victorian era. ... Barchester Towers is a novel by Anthony Trollope, first published in 1857. ... Winchester Cathedral is a song released in late 1966, whereupon it shot to the #1 spot on the Billboard Top 11 Hits. ... The New Vaudeville Band was a group created by songwriter Geoff Stephens in 1966 to record his novelty composition Winchester Cathedral, a song inspired by the dance bands of the 1920s. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... Crosby, Stills & Nash, also Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young when including occasional fourth member Neil Young, are a folk rock/rock supergroup. ... This article is about the film. ...

External links

• Official website
• Virtual tour
• Thirty images of Winchester Cathedral with descriptions
• Images of Fedorov's Iconostasis at Winchester Cathedral
• A history of the Pilgrims' School and of the choristers of Winchester Cathedral
• Adrian Fletcher’s Paradoxplace Winchester Cathedral Pages – Photos
• Bell's Cathedrals: The Cathedral Church of Winchester - from Project Gutenberg

List of Anglican Cathedrals in the United Kingdom and Ireland

Church of England Province of Canterbury Birmingham · Bristol · Bury St Edmunds · Canterbury · Chelmsford · Chichester · Coventry · Derby · Ely · Exeter · Gibraltar1 · Gloucester · Guildford · Hereford · Leicester · Lichfield · Lincoln · London · Norwich · Oxford · Peterborough · Portsmouth · Rochester · St Albans · Salisbury · Southwark · Truro · Wells · Winchester · Worcester 1Cathedral of the Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe Project Gutenberg logo Project Gutenberg (often abbreviated as PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works via book scanning. ... The term Anglican describes those people and churches following the religious traditions of the Church of England, especially following the Reformation. ... A list of the cathedrals, former cathedrals and intended cathedrals in the United Kingdom and its dependencies. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_England_(bordered). ... The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... The Province of Canterbury consists of the following dioceses of the Church of England: Their archbishop is the Archbishop of Canterbury. ... St Philips Cathedral St Philips Cathedral is a Church of England cathedral, in Colmore Row, Birmingham, England, dedicated to St Philip. ... The Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity is the Anglican cathedral in the English city of Bristol and is commonly known as Bristol Cathedral. ... Bury St Edmunds Cathedral or St Edmunsbury Cathedral is the cathedral for the Church of Englands Diocese of Saint Edmundsbury and Ipswich and is the seat of the Bishop of Saint Edmundsbury and Ipswich and is in Bury St Edmunds. ... Canterbury Cathedral from the southwest. ... Chelmsford Cathedral is the Church of England cathedral in the city of Chelmsford in Essex. ... Chichester Cathedral today Chichester Cathedral, illustrated circa 1650 A 19th century plan. ... The roofless ruins of the old cathedral. ... The Tower Derby Cathedral is a cathedral church in the City of Derby, England. ... Front of Ely Cathedral Ely Cathedral (in full, The Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Ely) is the principal church of the diocese of Ely, in Cambridgeshire, England, and the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Ely. ... The west front. ... Gloucester Cathedral from the north east in 1828. ... Guildford Cathedral claims to be the only cathedral to be built on a new site in the southern Province of England since the Reformation. Guildford was made a diocese in its own right in 1927, and work on its new cathedral, designed by Sir Edward Maufe, began nine years later. ... The current Hereford Cathedral, located at Hereford in England, United Kingdom, dates from 1079. ... Leicester Cathedral, or St Martins Church is an Anglican cathedral in the English city of Leicester, and the seat of the Bishop of Leicester. ... The West Front of Lichfield Cathedral Lichfield Cathedral is situated in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England. ... Norman West front Lincoln Cathedral (in full The Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Lincoln, or sometimes St. ... This article is about the cathedral church of the diocese of London. ... Norwich Cathedral: Spire and south transcept. ... Christ Church Cathedral spire. ... Peterborough Cathedral from the south east, circa 1898 Peterborough Cathedral - west prospect in the seventeenth century Peterborough Cathedral is dedicated to Saint Peter, Saint Paul and Saint Andrew, and is very unusual amongst medieval cathedrals in Great Britain because of its triple front (dominated by the statues of the three... Portsmouth Anglican Cathedral Interior of the cathedral, at the original nave. ... Rochester Cathedral is a Norman church in Rochester, Kent. ... St Albans Cathedral from the west. ... Salisbury Cathedral in the early morning light. ... Southwark Cathedral Southwark Cathedral or The Cathedral and Collegiate Church of St Saviour and St Mary Overie, Southwark, London, lies on the south bank of the River Thames close to London Bridge. ... Truro Cathedral is a cathedral in the city of Truro in Cornwall in south-west England. ... The west front, completed c. ... A plan of Worcester Cathedral made in 1836. ... The Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe (also called simply the Diocese in Europe) is geographically the largest diocese of the Church of England, covering Morocco, Europe (excluding the United Kingdom and Ireland but including Iceland), Turkey, and the entire Russian Federation. ... Province of York Blackburn · Bradford · Carlisle · Chester · Durham · Liverpool · Manchester · Newcastle-upon-Tyne · Peel · Ripon · Sheffield · Southwell · Wakefield · York The Province of York consists of the following dioceses of the Church of England: Their archbishop is the Archbishop of York. ... Blackburn Cathedral Blackburn Cathedral is officially known as the Cathedral Church of Blackburn Saint Mary the Virgin. ... The east end of the cathedral The interior The Altar Bradford Cathedral (Grid reference SE166333) is situated in the heart of Bradford town centre in Yorkshire, England, on a site used for Christian worship since 8th century. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Chester Cathedral is a Church of England cathedral, mother church for the Diocese of Chester, north-west England. ... Durham Cathedral silhouetted against the sunset Durham Cathedral from nearby The Rose Window in the Chapel of the Nine Altars. ... North elevation of Liverpool Anglican Cathedral. ... Manchester Cathedral The rear of the cathedral The interior Manchester Cathedral is a Medieval church located on Victoria Street in central Manchester. ... The Cathedral from the New castle The interior Newcastle Cathedral is a Church of England cathedral in Newcastle, in the north-east of England. ... The Cathedral Church of Saint German or Peel Cathedral. ... The west front of Ripon minster The interior of the cathedral The East end Ripon Cathedral in Ripon was founded in 672, when it is believed to have been the second stone building erected in the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria. ... Sheffield Cathedral is the Church of England cathedral for the diocese of Sheffield, England. ... Southwell Minster Southwell Minster is a minster and cathedral, in the British town of Southwell in Nottinghamshire, six miles away from Newark. ... Wakefield Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of All Saints Wakfield is the cathedral for the Church of Englands Diocese of Wakefield and is the seat of the Bishop of Wakefield. ... Transept and crossing tower of York Minster from the south east. ...  Church in Wales Bangor · Brecon · Llandaff · Newport · St Asaph · St David's Image File history File links Church_in_Wales_flag. ... Flag of the Church in Wales The Church in Wales (Welsh: Yr Eglwys Yng Nghymru) is a member Church of the Anglican Communion, consisting of six dioceses in Wales. ... Bangor Cathedral from Bangor Mountain Bangor Cathedral is a place of Christian worship situated in Bangor in North Wales in the United Kingdom. ... Following the Norman conquest of Britain in 1066, an uneasy pact was maintained between the Welsh chieftains and the Norman invaders. ... Llandaff Cathedral is situated in the suburb of Llandaff in the city of Cardiff, the capital of Wales, and is the seat of the Bishop of Llandaff. ... St Woolos Cathedral in the city of Newport is the cathedral for the diocese of Monmouth (Monmouthshire). ... St Davids Cathedral from the gatehouse St Davids Cathedral is situated in the tiny city of St Davids in Pembrokeshire. ...  Scottish Episcopal Church Aberdeen · Dundee2 · Edinburgh · Glasgow · Inverness3 · Millport4 · Oban4 · Perth5 2Diocese of Brechin 3Diocese of Moray, Ross and Caithness 4Diocese of Argyll and the Isles 5Diocese of Saint Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane Image File history File links Flag_of_Scotland. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... St Andrews Cathedral, or the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew, is a cathedral of the Scottish Episcopal Church situated in the Scottish city of Aberdeen. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... St Marys Cathedral is a cathedral of the Scottish Episcopal Church in Edinburgh, Scotland. ... St. ... Inverness Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew is a cathedral of the Scottish Episcopal Church situated in the city of Inverness in Scotland. ... The Cathedral of The Isles and Collegiate Church of the Holy Spirit is a cathedral of the Scottish Episcopal Church in the town of Millport on the Isle of Cumbrae. ... St Johns Cathedral or the Cathedral Church of St John the Divine is a cathedral of the Scottish Episcopal Church, located in the town of Oban. ... St Ninians Cathedral or the Cathedral Church of St Ninian is a cathedral of the Scottish Episcopal Church in the Royal burgh of Perth. ... The Diocese of Brechin The Diocese of Brechin is in the North East of Scotland, and part of the Scottish Episcopal Church. ... The Diocese of Moray, Ross and Caithness is one of the seven dioceses of the Scottish Episcopal Church. ... There are two Dioceses of Argyll and the Isles in Scotland: Scottish Episcopal Church - Diocese of Argyll and the Isles Roman Catholic Church - Diocese of Argyll and the Isles See also the mediaeval Diocese of Argyll. ... For the Catholic dioceses see the Archdiocese of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh and the Diocese of Dunkeld. ...  Church of Ireland Province of Armagh Achonry · Ardagh · Armagh · Belfast · Clogher · Connor · Derry · Downpatrick · Dromore · Elphin · Enniskillen · Killala · Kilmore · Lisburn · Maghera · Raphoe · Sligo · Tuam Image File history File links Church_Of_Ireland. ... Church of Ireland The Church of Ireland (Irish: Eaglais na hÉireann) is an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion, operating seamlessly across the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. ... The Province of Armagh, also called the Northern Province, is one of the two ecclesiastical provinces that together form the Church of Ireland. ... St. ... St Annes Cathedral is a cathedral of the Church of Ireland in Belfast, Northern Ireland. ... St Columbs Cathedral flying the Crimson Banner of the Apprentice Boys of Derry St Columbs Cathedral in the walled city of Londonderry, Northern Ireland is the Church of Ireland cathedral for the diocese of Derry. ... Down Cathedral, the Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, is a Church of Ireland cathedral located in the town of Downpatrick in Northern Ireland. ... Province of Dublin Cashel · Clonmacnoise · Clonfert · Cloyne · Cork · Dublin, Christchurch · Dublin, St Patrick's6 · Ferns · Kildare · Kilfenora · Kilkennny · Killaloe · Leighlin · Limerick · Lismore · Ross Carbery · Trim · Waterford 6National Cathedral of Ireland The Province of Dublin, also called the Southern Province, is one of the two ecclesiastical provinces that together form the Church of Ireland. ... Clonfert Cathedral is the historical see of the Bishop of Clonfert. ... St Finbarres Cathedral Saint Finbarres Cathedral is a Church of Ireland cathedral located in Cork City, Republic of Ireland. ... Christ Church Cathedral (The Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity) in Dublin is the elder of the citys two mediæval cathedrals, having been founded by St Laurence OToole. ... St. ... St. ... St Moluags Cathedral in 2006 St. ...

Anglican Communion