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Encyclopedia > Windows PowerShell
Windows PowerShell

Screenshot of a sample PowerShell session
Developer: Microsoft Corporation
Latest release: 1.0 / November 14, 2006
OS: Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008
Platform: x86, x86-64 and Itanium
Available language(s): multilanguage
Status: Active
Genre: Operating system shell
License: MS-EULA
Website: Windows PowerShell

Windows PowerShell is an administration focused extensible command line interface (CLI) shell and scripting language product developed by Microsoft. It was released in 2006 and had been previously known as Microsoft Shell or MSH, and by the (codename Monad). Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (677x740, 97 KB) Summary Self-made screenshot of PowerShell running on Vista. ... “Software development” redirects here. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... Code complete redirects here. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer and provides programmers with an interface used to access those resources. ... Windows XP is a line of operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on general-purpose computer systems, including home and business desktops, notebook computers, and media centers. ... Windows Server 2003 is a server operating system produced by Microsoft. ... Windows Vista is a line of graphical operating systems used on personal computers, including home and business desktops, notebook computers, Tablet PCs, and media centers. ... Windows Server 2008 is the name of the next server operating system from Microsoft. ... In computing, a platform describes some sort of framework, either in hardware or software, which allows software to run. ... x86 or 80x86 is the generic name of a microprocessor architecture first developed and manufactured by Intel. ... The AMD64 or x86-64 is a 64-bit processor architecture invented by AMD. It is a superset of the x86 architecture, which it natively supports. ... Itanium is the brand name for 64-bit Intel microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64). ... Computer software can be organized into categories based on common function, type, or field of use. ... In computing, a shell is a piece of software that provides an interface for users (command line interpreter). ... A software license is a legal agreement which may take the form of a proprietary or gratuitous license as well as a memorandum of contract between a producer and a user of computer software. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... A software license is a type of proprietary or gratiuitious license as well as a memorandum of contract between a producer and a user of computer software — sometimes called an End User License Agreement (EULA) — that specifies the perimeters of the permission granted by the owner to the... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Scripting languages (commonly called script languages) are computer programming languages that are typically interpreted. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... Microsoft codenames are the codenames given by Microsoft to products it has in development, before these products are given the names by which they appear on store shelves. ...

Contents

Overview

PowerShell is based on the Microsoft .NET Framework and is fully object oriented - in PowerShell everthing is an object. PowerShell is available for Windows XP SP2, Windows Server 2003 SP1 and Windows Vista. It is included as an optional feature in the current beta test versions of Windows Server 2008.[1] The Microsoft . ... As of 2005, Windows XP is the current client version of the Microsoft Windows operating system. ... Microsoft® Windows Server 2003 logo The successor to Windows 2000 Server, Microsofts Windows Server 2003 (codename Whistler Server, also known as Windows NT 5. ... Windows Vista is a line of graphical operating systems used on personal computers, including home and business desktops, notebook computers, Tablet PCs, and media centers. ... Windows Server 2008 is the name of the next server operating system from Microsoft. ...


In most everyday tasks, PowerShell can be used in place of cmd.exe, Windows Script Host (WSH) and VBScript. To ensure backward-compatibility both cmd.exe and WSH continue to be shipped in the operating system and supported by Windows. VBScript and cmd.exe are required, for example, to perform on-the-box maintenace of the Server Core role of Windows Server 2008. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The Microsoft Windows Script Host (originally called Windows Scripting Host, but renamed for the second release) is distributed and installed by default on Windows 98 and later versions of Microsoft Windows. ... VBScript (short for Visual Basic Scripting Edition) is an Active Scripting language developed by Microsoft. ...


Going forward, Windows PowerShell is the foundation of the future administrative tools on Windows. At present there is deep PowerShell support for Exchange Server 2007, System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2007 and System Center Operations Manager 2007. In these products, every controllable operation is exposed as either Windows PowerShell providers (which allow application-specific datastores to be enumerated hierarchically) and/or as cmdlets (PowerShell components which perform a specific job and can be composed together to perform more complex jobs). The management GUI is layered on top of the PowerShell cmdlets. Microsoft Exchange Server is a messaging and collaborative software product developed by Microsoft. ... System Center Virtual Machine Manager (SCVMM) forms part of Microsofts System Center line of management and reporting tools, alongside previously established tools such as Microsoft Operations Manager and Microsoft Systems Management Server. ... System Center Operations Manager (SCOM), formerly Microsoft Operations Manager (MOM), is a performance and event monitoring product from Microsoft targeting Windows systems. ... In software engineering, a pipeline consisting of chain of processes or other data processing entities, arranged so that the output of each element of the chain is the input of the of the next one. ...


History

Every released version of Microsoft DOS and Microsoft Windows for personal computers has featured a command line interface tool. These are COMMAND.COM (in installations relying on MS-DOS, including Windows 9x) and cmd.exe (in Windows NT-based installations). By themselves, these are not capable of reproducing or automating all of the administrative functions available in the graphical user interface (GUI). This has been due to limitations within the command-line equivalents or to Microsoft not providing command-line equivalents of operations available in the GUI. Under Windows Server 2003, this situation was improved.[2] Users have also been hindered by a lack of adequate documentation of command-line functionality.[citation needed] Third-party software did provide many useful point solutions but often these too did not integrate well with other tools.[citation needed] Microsofts disk operating system, MS-DOS, was Microsofts implementation of DOS, which was the first popular operating system for the IBM PC, and until recently, was widely used on the PC compatible platform. ... “Windows” redirects here. ... COMMAND.COM is the name for the default operating system shell (or command line interpreter) for DOS and 16/32bits versions of Windows (95/98/98 SE/Me). ... Microsofts disk operating system, MS-DOS, was Microsofts implementation of DOS, which was the first popular operating system for the IBM PC, and until recently, was widely used on the PC compatible platform. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Windows NT (New Technology) is a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released in July 1993. ... “GUI” redirects here. ... Windows Server 2003 is a server operating system produced by Microsoft. ...


Microsoft attempted to address some of these shortcomings by introducing the Windows Script Host in 1998 with Windows 98. The Windows Script Host was a new scripting layer which could implement a variety of scripting languages. However, the Script Host had its own deficiencies. It was not integrated with the shell, its documentation was not very accessible, and it quickly gained a reputation as a system vulnerability after several high-profile computer viruses exploited substantial weaknesses in its security provisions. The Microsoft Windows Script Host (originally called Windows Scripting Host, but renamed for the second release) is distributed and installed by default on Windows 98 and later versions of Microsoft Windows. ... Windows 98 (codenamed Memphis) is a graphical operating system released on June 25, 1998 by Microsoft and the successor to Windows 95. ... Scripting languages (commonly called script languages) are computer programming languages that are typically interpreted. ... In computer security, the word vulnerability refers to a weakness or other opening in a system. ... In computer security technology, a virus is a self-replicating program that spreads by inserting copies of itself into other executable code or documents (for a complete definition: see below). ...


Windows Server 2003 and certain versions of Windows XP included a command-line-based script host called CScript.exe (essentially just a portion of the Windows Script Host introduced earlier), but it was not integrated into the existing shell (cmd.exe). These operating systems provided other ad hoc CLIs as well (netsh, for example), which were not fully integrated either. An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer and provides programmers with an interface used to access those resources. ... In software, netsh, or network shell, is a utility provided with Microsofts Windows XP. It allows local or remote configuration of network settings. ...


By 2003 Microsoft had started to develop a new shell called Monad (aka MSH), a new extensible command shell with a fresh design which would be capable of automating a full range of core administrative tasks. Microsoft published the first Monad public beta release on June 17, 2005, Beta 2 on September 11, 2005 and Beta 3 on January 10, 2006. They announced on April 25, 2006 that Monad was renamed to Windows PowerShell, positioning it as a significant part of their management technology offerings.[3] Release Candidate 1 of PowerShell was released at the same time. Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 115th day of the year (116th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Release Candidate 2 of PowerShell was released September 26, 2006. Windows PowerShell v1.0 was released to web (RTW) November 14, 2006. PowerShell for Vista was released on January 30, 2007.[4] is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Term used in software development; an Internet service or client (computing) has been released to web (frequently abbreviated RTW) when its code base is deemed complete, typically after a beta test. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...


Microsoft released the Community Technology Preview (CTP) version of Windows PowerShell v2.0 on November 6, 2007.[5] A CTP release allows feedback from users before the final version of the product is released. is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...


Central concepts

PowerShell's codename, Monad, alludes to Gottfried Leibniz's monadism,[6] a philosophy in which the universe is a composite of fundamental elements (monads) that are integrated in a "pre-established harmony." Similarly, PowerShell is a composite of the complex tasks of a series of components. These components are special programs dubbed cmdlets (pronounced "command-lets"), which are .NET classes designed to use the features of the environment. PowerShell's main distinction from standard UNIX shells is that, rather than creating a pipeline based on text streams, PowerShell cmdlets pass data as self-describing .NET objects. Leibniz redirects here. ... The Monad was a symbol referred by the Greek philosophers as The First, The Seed, The Essence, The Builder, and The Foundation. Also referred to as Unity. ... Gottfried Leibnizs theory of pre-established harmony is a philosophical theory about causation under which every substance only affects itself, but all the substances (both bodies and minds) in the world nevertheless seem to causally interact with each other because they have been programmed by God in advance to... .net (network) generic top-level domain (gTLD) used on the Internets Domain Name System. ... The standard streams for input, output, and error The standard streams are preconnected input or output channels between a computer program and its environment (typically a text terminal) when it begins execution. ... In strictly mathematical branches of computer science the term object is used in a purely mathematical sense to refer to any thing. While this interpretation is useful in the discussion of abstract theory, it is not concrete enough to serve as a primitive datatype in the discussion of more concrete...


If invoked individually from the command line, a cmdlet's output is converted automatically into text, but if its output is to be used by another cmdlet, it is converted into the appropriate object type for the receiving cmdlet. This eliminates much need for the many text-processing utilities that are common in UNIX pipelines, such as grep and awk,[citation needed] and allows things to be combined interactively (or in a scripting environment) without pressuring for the usage of a more complex programming language. For instance: a listing of processes internally consists not of text describing the processes, but of objects representing them; these objects can be directly manipulated from the PowerShell. grep is a command line utility that was originally written for use with the Unix operating system. ... AWK is a general purpose computer language that is designed for processing text based data, either in files or data streams. ... A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of a machine, particularly a computer. ...


Features

The first version contains the following features:

  • A C#-like scripting language with support for hash tables, switch statements which can test on regular expressions, array slicing and anonymous methods (script blocks) which can be stored as data and then later executed. It also provides looping (for/foreach/while), conditional statements (if/switch), variable scoping (global/script/local) and the ability to define functions.
  • Cmdlets inherit certain options, allowing the user to choose things such as the level of interaction and how to deal with errors. Cmdlets which produce side effects support the options -WhatIf and -Confirm. -WhatIf informs the user what would have happened, but no action takes place. -Confirm informs the user what is about to happen and allows the user to control whether it takes place or not.
  • One option for dealing with errors is to invoke a "suspend" feature which allows the user to enter a new command shell, investigate a problem, and resume the original command. The user can define the prompts to be shown in such circumstances.
  • An extensible provider model allows access to and manipulation of the file system and other hierarchical data stores. Some examples: PowerShell comes with a registry provider which allows access to the registry via the "HKLM" and "HKCU" hives; with this, the registry can be browsed by executing commands like dir HKLM:SOFTWAREMicrosoft at the shell prompt. PowerShell comes with providers for the certificate store, the environment, and shell functions and aliases. Like cmdlets, the provider model is extensible, allowing third parties to create their own provider model and plug it into PowerShell.
  • A concept called execution policies allows coarse security constraints to be imposed upon PowerShell script execution. The execution policies define the restrictions under which PowerShell loads configuration files and runs scripts. The four execution policies are Restricted (default; no scripts run), AllSigned (only signed scripts run), RemoteSigned (local scripts and remote signed scripts run), and Unrestricted (all scripts run).
  • Support for the use of script signing to verify the identity of a script publisher and to validate the integrity of a published script using digital signatures.
  • Cmdlet parameters are generally whole words, but can be specified as the minimum number of letters necessary to disambiguate. For example, the cmdlet parameter -show-detailed-information could be entered as -s if no other option begins with 's'.
  • Comprehensive, user-extensible tab completion features. The cmd.exe shell in current versions of Windows can only complete file or directory names, in contrast to the advanced completion in shells such as bash and zsh.
  • The ability to assign the output of a command to a variable, which will then be an object or array of objects which may be inspected in any way desired.

The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... In computer science, a hash table is a data structure that speeds up searching for information by a particular aspect of that information, called a key. ... In computer programming, a switch statement is a type of control statement that exists in most modern imperative programming languages (e. ... In computing, a regular expression is a string that is used to describe or match a set of strings, according to certain syntax rules. ... In computer programming, array slicing is an operation that extracts certain elements from an array and packages them as another array, possibly with different number of indices (or dimensions) and different index ranges. ... An anonymous function is a function (or a subroutine) defined, and possibly called, without being bound to a name. ... In object-oriented programming, the term method refers to a subroutine that is exclusively associated either with a class (called class methods, static methods, or factory methods) or with an object (called instance methods). ... For looping in computer programming, see program loop. ... In computer science, conditional statements are a vital part of a programming language. ... In computer programming in general, a scope is an enclosing context. ... For library and office filing systems, see Library classification. ... The Windows registry is a directory which stores settings and options for the operating system for Microsoft Windows 32-bit versions, 64-bit versions and Windows Mobile. ... Digitally signing executables proves the identity of the software vendor and guarantees that the code has not been altered or corrupted since it was created and signed External Links Code signing systems ... In cryptography, a digital signature or digital signature scheme is a type of asymmetric cryptography used to simulate the security properties of a signature in digital, rather than written, form. ... Tab completion is a function of many command line interfaces, especially Unix shells, that allows portions of an incomplete filename or commands to be filled in when the Tab key is pressed. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... This article is about the Unix shell. ... The Z shell (zsh) is a Unix shell written by Paul Falstad when he was a student at Princeton University. ...

Cmdlets

The following table contains a selection of the more than 129 Cmdlets that ship with PowerShell as well as the equivalent commands in other command line interpreters.

Windows PowerShell
(Cmdlet)		 Windows PowerShell
(Alias)		 cmd.exe / COMMAND.COM
(MS-DOS, Windows, OS/2, etc.)		 bash
(Unix, BSD, Linux, etc.)		 Description
Set-Location sl, cd, chdir cd, chdir cd Change the current directory
Clear-Host cls, clear cls clear Clear the screen
Copy-Item cpi, copy, cp copy cp Copy one or several files / a whole directory tree
Get-Help help, man help man Help on commands
Remove-Item ri, del, rmdir, rd, rm del, rmdir, rd rm, rmdir Delete a file / a directory
Rename-Item rni, ren ren mv Rename a file / a directory
Get-ChildItem gci, dir, ls dir ls List all files / directories in the (current) directory
Write-Output echo, write echo echo Print strings, variables etc. to screen
Pop-Location popd popd popd Change the current directory to the directory most recently pushed onto the stack
Push-Location pushd pushd pushd Push the current directory onto the stack
Set-Variable sv, set set set Set the value of a variable / create a variable
Get-Content gc, type, cat type cat Get the content of a file
Get-Process gps, ps tlist[7], tasklist[8] ps List all currently running processes
Stop-Process spps, kill kill[7], taskkill[8] kill Stop a running process
Tee-Object tee ? tee Pipe input to a file or variable, then pass the input along the pipeline

This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... COMMAND.COM is the name for the default operating system shell (or command line interpreter) for DOS and 16/32bits versions of Windows (95/98/98 SE/Me). ... This article is about the Unix shell. ... cd, sometimes also available as chdir (change directory), is a command line command to change the current working directory in operating systems such as Unix, Windows and DOS. It is also available for use in Unix shell scripts and in batch files on Windows or DOS. CHDIR() is also a... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Clear being used on GNU/LInux under uxterm This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Almost all substantial UNIX and Unix-like operating systems have extensive documentation available as an electronic manual, split into multiple sections called man pages (short for manual pages and based on the command used to display them). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The correct title of this article is . ... In computing, dir is a command used for file and directory listing, specifically in CP/M and the command line interface (CLI) of the DOS operating system. ... For other uses, see LS. ls is a command specified by POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification, and is thus implemented in Unix and Unix-like operating systems. ... echo is a command in Unix (and by extension, its descendants, such as Linux) and MS-DOS that places a string on the terminal. ... Environment variables are a set of dynamic values that can affect the way running processes will behave on a computer. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Wikibooks has more about this subject: kill In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, kill is a command used to send simple messages to processes running on the system. ... tee is a Windows PowerShell command that either displays or pipes the output of a cmdlet and copies it into a file or a variable. ... tee is a Unix command. ...

Examples

  • Stop all processes that begin with the letter "p":
 PS> get-process p* | stop-process
  • Find the processes that use more than 1000 MB of memory and kill them:
 PS> get-process | where { $_.WS -gt 1000MB } | stop-process
  • Calculate the number of bytes in the files in a directory:
 PS> get-childitem | measure-object -property length -sum
  • Determine whether a specific process is no longer running:
 PS> $processToWatch = get-process notepad PS> $processToWatch.WaitForExit()
  • Change the case of a string from lower to upper:
 PS> "hello, world!".ToUpper()
  • Insert the string "ABC" after the first character in the word "string" to have the result "sABCtring":
 PS> "string".Insert(1, "ABC")
  • Download a specific RSS feed and show the titles of the 8 most recent entries:
 PS> $rssUrl = "http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell/rss.aspx" PS> $blog = [xml](new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString($rssUrl) PS> $blog.rss.channel.item | select title -first 8
  • Sets $UserProfile to the value of the UserProfile environment variable
 PS> $UserProfile = $env:UserProfile

File extensions

  • PS1 – Windows PowerShell shell script
  • PS1XML – Windows PowerShell format and type definitions
  • PSC1 – Windows PowerShell console file

List of Microsoft projects using PowerShell

  • Exchange 2007
  • System Center Operations Manager 2007 (SCOM 2007)
  • System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2007 (VMM)
  • System Center Data Protection Manager 2007 (DPM)
  • Microsoft Transporter Suite for Lotus Domino
  • Windows Compute Cluster Tool Pack
  • Windows Server 2008

See also

A shell is a computer program which interacts with the userland and subsequently the kernel of an operating system. ... Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer). ...

References

  1. ^ Windows Server 2008: Windows PowerShell: Now Part of Windows Server 2008 Beta 3. Microsoft (November 13, 2006). Retrieved on 2007-05-16.
  2. ^ Dragan, Richard V. (April 23, 2003). Windows Server 2003 Delivers Improvements All Around. PC Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-11-02. “A standout feature here is that virtually all admin utilities now work from the command line (and most are available through telnet).”
  3. ^ Snover, Jeffrey (April 25, 2006). Windows PowerShell (Monad) Has Arrived. Windows PowerShell team blog. MSDN. Retrieved on 2006-04-26.
  4. ^ Snover, Jeffrey (November 15, 2006). Windows PowerShell : Windows PowerShell & Windows Vista. Windows PowerShell team blog. MSDN. Retrieved on 2007-01-26.
  5. ^ Hansen, Kenneth (November 6, 2007). The Community Technology Preview (CTP) of Windows PowerShell 2.0. Windows PowerShell team blog. MSDN. Retrieved on 2007-11-06.
  6. ^ Snover, Jeffrey (March 19, 2007). Monad Manifesto – the Origin of Windows PowerShell. Windows PowerShell team blog. MSDN. Retrieved on 2007-03-24.
  7. ^ a b Available in Windows NT4, Windows 98 Resource Kit, Windows 2000 Support Tools
  8. ^ a b Available in Windows XP Professional Edition and later

is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... PC Magazine (or PC Mag) is a computer magazine published biweekly (except in January and July) both in print and online. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 115th day of the year (116th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Books

  • Payette, Bruce. Windows PowerShell in Action. ISBN 1-932394-90-7. “a founding member of the Windows PowerShell team and one of the key designers of the Windows PowerShell language” 
  • Kumaravel, Arul. Professional Windows Powershell Programming: Snapins, Cmdlets, Hosts and Providers. ISBN 0470173939. “Windows PowerShell Development Manager at Microsoft” 
  • Oakley, Andy. Monad - Introducing the MSH Command Shell and Language (the Toad book. ISBN 0-596-10009-4. 
  • Jones, Don. An Introduction to Microsoft® PowerShell™. 
  • Jones, Don; Jeffery Hicks. Windows PowerShell™: TFM®. ISBN 0-9776597-1-2. 
  • Holmes, Lee. Windows PowerShell Quick Reference. ISBN 0-596-52813-2. “a developer on the Windows PowerShell team” 
  • Holmes, Lee. Windows PowerShell: The Definitive Guide: Rough Cuts Version. ISBN 0-596-51432-8. “a developer on the Windows PowerShell team” 
  • Ford Jr, Jerry Lee. Microsoft Windows Powershell Programming for the Absolute Beginner. ISBN 1-59863-354-6. 
  • Watt, Andrew. Professional Windows PowerShell. ISBN 0-471-94693-1. “Windows PowerShell MVP” 
  • Kopczynski, Tyson. Microsoft Powershell Unleashed. ISBN 0672329530. 
  • Wilson, Ed. Microsoft® Windows PowerShell™ Step By Step. ISBN 0-7356-2395-3. “Microsoft’s leading scripting trainer” 

External links

Official websites

Windows PowerShell team

3rd-party tools

  • Powershell.com - Powershell Analyzer and Powershell Plus - Powershell Hosting, Editor and Debugging Products.
  • Admin Script Editor IDE - Commercial script editor with support for PowerShell and VBScript.
  • PrimalScript - Example of a commercial Windows PowerShell editing environment
  • PowerGUI Community - PowerGUI is an extensible graphical administrative console for managing systems based on Windows PowerShell.
  • PowerShell Remoting - a light-weighted server-client application to connect to remote PowerShell host and run script interactively.
  • PowerGadgets - Desktop reporting and monitoring for IT/DB professionals.
  • PowerShell Remoting through Group Policy - Specops Command enables you to deploy and execute PowerShell scripts and cmdlets to many machines.

PowerShell providers

Users groups and communities

  • PowerShellCommunity.Org - an independent, open community dedicated to increasing the awareness and use of Microsoft Windows PowerShell.
  • Get-PSUGUK - UK PowerShell Users Group
  • PowerScripting Podcast - PowerScripting Podcast - A podcast for people learning Windows PowerShell with segments covering cmdlets, tips, resources, gotchas etc

Tutorial

  • Ars Technica - A guided tour of the Microsoft Command Shell
  • Mastering PowerShell in your Lunch Break - a step by step introduction to powershell by Dr Tobias Weltner ( Powershell MVP)
v • d • e
.NET Framework
Architecture Base Class Library · Common Language Infrastructure · .NET assembly · .NET metadata
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Languages C# · Cω · Visual Basic .NET · C++/CLI (Managed) · J# · JScript .NET · Windows PowerShell · IronPython · IronRuby · F#
Other languages A# · Boo · IronLisp · L# · Nemerle · P# · PHP · Scala
Windows Foundations Presentation · Communication · Workflow
Components ADO.NET · ASP.NET (AJAX, MVC) · .NET Remoting · Language Integrated Query · Windows CardSpace · Windows Forms · XAML · ClickOnce
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Comparison C# vs. Java · C# vs. Visual Basic .NET · Comparison of the Java and .NET platforms
Upcoming technologies Acropolis · Astoria · Jasper · Parallel FX Library (PLINQ, TPL)
v • d • e
Microsoft APIs and frameworks
Graphics Desktop Window Manager · DirectX · Direct3D · GDI · Windows Presentation Foundation · Windows Color System · Windows Image Acquisition · Windows Imaging Component
Audio DirectSound · DirectMusic · XACT · Speech API
Multimedia DirectShow · Windows Media · Media Foundation
Web MSHTML · MSXML · RSS Platform · JScript · ActiveX · BHO · XMLHttpRequest · SideBar Gadgets
Data access Microsoft Data Access Components · Extensible Storage Engine · ADO.NET · Entity Framework · Sync Services · Jet Engine
Networking Winsock (LSP) · Winsock Kernel · Filtering Platform · Network Driver Interface Specification · Windows Rally · BITS · P2P API
Communication Telephony API
Administration & management Win32 console · Windows Script Host · Windows Management Instrumentation · PowerShell · Task Scheduler · Offline Files · Shadow Copy · Windows Installer · Windows Error Reporting · Windows Event Log · Common Log File System
Component model COM · COM+ · Distributed Component Object Model · .NET Framework
Driver development Windows Driver Model (Broadcast Driver Architecture) · Windows Driver Foundation (KMDF, UMDF)
Security Crypto API (CAPICOM) · Windows CardSpace · Data protection API
.NET .NET Framework · ASP.NET · ADO.NET · .NET Remoting · Windows Presentation Foundation · Windows Workflow Foundation · Windows Communication Foundation · Windows CardSpace · XNA · Silverlight · Task Parallel Library
Accessibility Active Accessibility · UI Automation
Text and Multilingual support Text Services Framework · Input method editor · Language Interface Pack · Multilingual User Interface · Uniscribe


 

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