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Wiping or junking is an economic move by radio and television companies in which old audiotapes, videotapes and telerecordings (kinescopes), which were extremely expensive in the 1960s and 1970s, are erased and reused, or destroyed after several uses. It was particularly prevalent during the 1960s and 1970s, but the practice is now much rarer, as costs have come down and as broadcasters have come to understand the economic and cultural value of keeping archive material. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Methods and media for sound recording are varied and have undergone significant changes between the first time sound was actually recorded for later playback until now. ... Bottom view of VHS videotape cassette with magnetic tape exposed Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. ... Telerecording (known as kinescoping in the USA) is the British name for a process pioneered during the 1940s for the storing of electronically-shot television programmes on film, which was used for the preservation, re-broadcasting and sale of television programmes before the use of commercial broadcast-quality videotape became... Kinescope (IPA: ) originally referred to the cathode ray tube used in television monitors. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, also called The Seventies. ...

Overview

BBC

The BBC, the United Kingdom’s public service broadcaster, had, like other broadcasters of the time, no archival policy in place until 1978. There are three main reasons why television material was junked in the early years. For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Public broadcasting is a form of public service broadcasting (PSB) intended to serve the diverse needs of the listening public. ...

Technological

The BBC’s television service was originally a live medium and dates back to 1936 - the earliest material consists of pre-war demonstration films. The bulk of programming was either from the studio or from outside broadcasts and the hours of transmission were very limited. Film was a relatively minor contributor to the output. For example, no studio or OB programmes exist for 1936-1939 because the technology did not exist to record them. The earliest use of a recording method for television was not available until 1947, where the image was recorded onto film where, in simple terms, a film camera was pointed at a television screen and the film then processed in the usual way. However, the vast majority of programmes, which were still live, were never recorded. Videotape was not introduced in the UK until 1958, and only slowly at first; it was then an expensive and difficult technology and often a programme was erased. The value of the videotape itself was such that it was considered worthwhile to transfer programmes to film recordings for retention or sale, and then re-use the tape. This re-use of videotape enabled the BBC to reduce the cost of productions at the time. Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Electronic field production. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kinescope (IPA: ) originally referred to the cathode ray tube used in television monitors. ... Jan. ...

Cultural

As TV was a live medium, programmes continued to be recorded ‘as live’ even with the introduction of videotape, because of the technical limitations of early video-tape recording. Drama and Entertainment output was firmly studio based and followed the tradition of live theatre - film was only gradually introduced in the 1960s. For example, the Sunday Night Play (a major event in the 1950s) was performed live in the studio. On Thursday, it was repeated with another live performance - the artists all being invited back to perform it all over again. This was a very different environment to that of today where most equivalent material is now pre-recorded and it is physically possible to preserve it for the future. Live output which was not recorded obviously could not be preserved. Serge Sudeikins poster for the Bat Theatre (1922). ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Rights

All television programmes have copyright and other rights issues associated with them. For some genres of programmes, such as Drama and Entertainment, the actors, writers and musicians involved in a production, all have underlying rights. In the past, these rights were defended rigorously - permission could even be denied by a contributor for the repeat or re-use of a programme. Talent unions were highly suspicious of the threat to new work if programmes were repeated, indeed, before 1955 Equity insisted that any telerecording made (of a repeat performance) could only "be viewed privately" on BBC premises and not transmitted. The Lawrence textile strike (1912), with soldiers surrounding peaceful demonstrators A trade union or labor union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages, hours, and working conditions, forming a cartel of labour. ... The British Actors Equity Association (now called Equity) is the British actors trade union. ...

If telerecordings were made of a work and that work was then acquired by another party, then the recording had to be destroyed - this happened in 1955 when 20th Century Fox acquired the rights to Anastasia and the 1953 BBC telerecording of the play had to be destroyed. There are even examples from the past of agents demanding that programmes be wiped so that they could never be repeated (nowadays, actors are almost invariably forced to sign away these rights to the producing company). Twentieth (20th) Century Fox Film Corporation (known from 1935 to 1985 as Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation) is one of the six major American film studios. ... Anastasia is a 1956 film which tells the true story of a young, confused woman in France after the Russian Revolution who, backed by the Russian emigre community, attempts to pass herself off as Anastasia Nicolaievna Romanova, the daughter of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. ...

Colour Television

The introduction of colour television in the United Kingdom during the final years of the 1960's meant that broadcasters felt there was even less value in keeping hold of monochrome recordings. Such tapes could not be re-used for colour recordings so were disposed of to create space in the archives for colour tapes.

The increased cost of colour 2 inch Quadruplex videotape (approximately £1000 at today's prices) meant that companies often re-used such items as an efficiency saving. 2 inch Quadruplex (also called 2″ Quad, or just quad, for short) was the first practical and commercially successful videotape format. ...

High-profile examples of programme losses include many episodes of The Wednesday Play, Doctor Who, Z-Cars, the vast majority of the BBC's Apollo 11 Moon landing studio coverage and all 147 episodes of the 1965-1967 soap opera United!. The first acting appearance of folk musician Bob Dylan, in a 1963 play entitled The Madhouse on Castle Street, was erased in 1968. [1] There is lost material in all genres; as late as the early 1990s a large number of videotaped children's programmes from the 1970s were wiped without the BBC's children's department itself being consulted. [2] The Wednesday Play was a British television drama anthology series, which ran on BBC ONE from 1964 to 1970. ... This article is about the television series. ... Z-Cars (sometimes written as Z Cars, and always pronounced zed, never zee) was a British television drama series centred around the work of regular beat police officers in the fictional town of Newtown, near Liverpool, in the north-west of England. ... This article covers the Apollo 11 mission itself. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... The first TIME magazine cover devoted to soap operas, dated January 12, 1976. ... United! is a British television series produced by the BBC between 1965 and 1967, and screened twice-weekly on BBC1. ... This article is about the recording artist. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... The Madhouse on Castle Street is a British television play, broadcast by the BBC Television Service on the evening of January 13, 1963, as part of the Sunday-Night Play anthology strand. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, also called The Seventies. ...

Finding missing BBC programmes

There are many gaps in some series of BBC programmes – Dixon of Dock Green, Hancock's Half Hour, Doctor Who, Sykes, Out of the Unknown, Z Cars - but since the establishment of an archival policy for television in 1978, BBC television archivists and others have, over the years, used various contacts in the UK and abroad to try to track down any missing programmes. For example all BBC Worldwide (it was called Enterprises in those days) customers who had bought programmes from the BBC in the past - Doctor Who is a prime example of this - were contacted to see if they still had copies which could be dubbed for the archives. The BBC also has close contacts with the National Film and Television Archive, which is part of the British Film Institute and their "Missing Believed Wiped" event which was first held in 1993 (at which time the BBC were still wiping material - see Rentaghost) and is part of a campaign to locate lost gems of British Television. There is also a network of genuine collectors who, if they find any programmes missing from the BBC archives, will contact the BBC with information or sometimes even the actual programme. Some examples of programmes recovered for the archives are: Steptoe and Son, Dad's Army, Out of the Unknown, Doctor Who, The Likely Lads, Play for Today. Dixon of Dock Green was a popular BBC television series, which ran from 1955 to 1976, and later a radio series. ... Hancocks Half Hour was a famous BBC radio comedy series of the 1950s starring Tony Hancock. ... This article is about the television series. ... Sykes was a long-running BBC television sitcom of the 1960s and 1970s, starring Eric Sykes and Hattie Jacques. ... Z-Cars (sometimes written as Z Cars, and always pronounced zed, never zee) was a British television drama series centred around the work of regular beat police officers in the fictional town of Newtown, based on Kirkby near Liverpool, in the north-west of England. ... The British National Film and Television Archive collects, preserves, restores and then shares the films and television programmes which have helped to shape and record British life and times since cinema was invented in the late nineteenth century. ... The British Film Institute (BFI) is a charitable organisation established by Royal Charter to encourage the development of the arts of film, television and the moving image throughout the United Kingdom, to promote their use as a record of contemporary life and manners, to promote education about film, television and... Later period cast of Rentaghost Rentaghost was a British childrens television comedy show broadcast between 1976 and 1984. ... Steptoe and Son is a British sitcom written by Ray Galton and Alan Simpson about two rag and bone men living in Oil Drum Lane, a fictional street in Shepherds Bush, London. ... Dad’s Army was a British sitcom about the Home Guard in the Second World War. ... This article is about the television series. ... The Likely Lads was a hit British sitcom created and written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais. ... The Play for Today logo, seen here in the opening title sequence from 1976. ...

The pilot episode of Are You Being Served? survives only in black and white, and it is not known if the original colour master was lost, or wiped from the BBC archives. It appears in black and white on the 2003 release of the DVDs of the show. A television pilot is a test episode of an intended television series. ... Are You Being Served? was a long-running British sitcom broadcast from 1972 to 1985. ...

Early episodes of the popular music chart show, Top of the Pops were wiped by the BBC or not recorded, and only broadcast "live". The last edition that was wiped from the BBC archives dates to September 8, 1977. There are only 4 complete episodes surviving from the 1960s, many otherwise missing episodes survive in fragments. Top of the Pops, also known as TOTP, was a long-running British music chart television programme, made and broadcast by the BBC. It was originally shown each week, mostly on BBC One, from 1 January 1964 to 30 July 2006. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ...

Most of the episodes of the Sandie Shaw Supplement (A music & "variety" show, hosted and starred the famous singer) recorded in 1967, were promptly wiped after Sandie Shaw asked for the original films to be converted to videocassette. There are only 2 episodes that exist to the present day, and are floating around on internet purchasing sites, such as Ebay. For the author, see Sandy Shaw. ...

ITV

The BBC was not alone in this practice - the commercial companies that formed its main rival ITV also wiped videotapes and destroyed telerecordings, leaving gaps in their archive holdings. The state of the archives varies greatly between the different companies; Granada Television holds a large number of its older black and white programmes, the company having an unofficial policy of retaining as much of its broadcast material (albeit by telerecording) as possible despite financial hardship in its early years. This includes all the episodes of Coronation Street which are now held at the Yorkshire Television archives, which also possess largely intact archives (although some shows from the early 1970s such as the drama Castle Haven and the children's variety show Junior Showtime are missing believed wiped). The former ITV company Thames Television also has a significant library. For other uses, see ITV (disambiguation). ... Telerecording (known as kinescoping in the USA) is the British name for a process pioneered during the 1940s for the storing of electronically-shot television programmes on film, which was used for the preservation, re-broadcasting and sale of television programmes before the use of commercial broadcast-quality videotape became... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Telerecording (known as kinescoping in the USA) is the British name for a process pioneered during the 1940s for the storing of electronically-shot television programmes on film, which was used for the preservation, re-broadcasting and sale of television programmes before the use of commercial broadcast-quality videotape became... Coronation Street is an award-winning British soap opera. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Thames Television was a franchise holder of the British ITV television network, serving London on weekdays between 1968 and 1992. ...

These cases tend to be the exception. The former nature of the ITV network, in which private companies are awarded licences to serve geographical areas for a set period of time, meant that when companies lost their licences their archives were often sold to third parties and became fragmented, and/or risked being destroyed. The archive of networked programmes made by Southern Television for example is now owned by the Australian media company Southern Star Group (no connection), but Southern's regional output is in the hands of ITV plc, whilst the tapes of Associated-Rediffusion belong to many different organisations. Many master-tapes belonging to ATV have since deteriorated due to bad storage and are unsuitable for broadcasting. Southern Television was the first ITV holder for the south and south east of England from 30 August 1958 until 1 January 1982. ... Southern Star Group describes itself as Australias largest independent television production and distribution group. In April 2004 the company was acquired by Southern Cross Broadcasting. ... ITV plc (LSE: ITV) is the British media company that operates 11 of the 15 regional television broadcasters that make up the ITV Network, the oldest and largest commercial terrestrial television network in the United Kingdom. ... Associated-Rediffusion, later Rediffusion, London, was the British ITV contractor for London, on weekdays between 1954 (transmissions started on September 22, 1955) and July 29, 1968. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Most at risk were comtemporary programmes: Few editions of Southern's 1970's children's quiz show Runaround exist although shows shot primarily or entirely on film do survive such as Southern's adaptation of the Famous Five stories from the same period. Expensive costume dramas (then studio-bound productions recorded on videotape) were also archived: Such shows include Lillie (LWT), Edward the Seventh (ATV) and Flambards (Yorkshire). Runaround was a UK childrens television game show, produced by Southern Television for ITV between 1975 and 1981. ... The Famous Five can refer to: A group of Canadian women; see The Valiant Five. ... London Weekend Television logo, 1978-1996 London Weekend Television Limited (LWT) is the ITV contractor for London, Friday 5:15pm to Monday, 5:59am. ...

Crucially, responsibility for archive preservation was left to individual companies. For example ITV has no record of its live coverage of the 1969 Moon Landings after the station responsible for providing the coverage, London Weekend Television, wiped the tapes.

In recent years the trend of preserving material has started to change. The archives of Westward Television and Television South West are now held in trust for the public (The South West Film and Television Archive) whilst changes in legislation mean that dismissed ITV companies must donate archives to the British Film Institute. However, the change of ITV from a federal structure to one centralised private company means that changes of regional companies in the future seems highly unlikely. Westward Television was the first ITV franchise holder for the South West of England from 29 April 1961 until 31 December 1981. ... Television South West (TSW) was the ITV franchise holder for the South West England region from 1 January 1982 until 31 December 1992, broadcasting from the former Westward Television studios in Plymouth, Devon. ... The British Film Institute (BFI) is a charitable organisation established by Royal Charter to encourage the development of the arts of film, television and the moving image throughout the United Kingdom, to promote their use as a record of contemporary life and manners, to promote education about film, television and...

Most from the 1960s also only survive as telerecordings. Some early episodes are also believe to be damaged or in poor quality, whereas much of the output of other broadcasters — such as many early episodes of The Avengers (shot in the electronic studio rather than on film) produced by Associated British Corporation — have been destroyed. The Avengers is a British 1960s television series featuring secret agents in a fantasy 1960s Britain. ... Associated British Corporation (otherwise known as ABC Television or ABC Weekend TV) was one of a number of commercial television companies set up in the 1950s by cinema chains in an attempt to safeguard their business by getting involved in television which was taking away their cinema audiences. ...

United States

In the United States, the major broadcast networks also engaged in the practice of wiping up until the late 1970s. Many episodes were erased, especially daytime and late-night programming, such as daytime soap operas and game shows. The daytime shows, almost all of them having been taped, were erased because it was believed at the time that no one wanted to see them after their first broadcast. The success of cable television networks devoted to reruns of these genres proved that this was not the case, as the large number of episodes that were required for a five-day-a-week program made even a short-run game show an ideal candidate for syndication. By this time, however, the damage had been done. The first TIME magazine cover devoted to soap operas, dated January 12, 1976. ... Quiz show redirects here. ... Cable TV redirects here. ... In broadcasting, syndication is the sale of the right to broadcast radio shows and television shows to multiple stations, without going through a broadcast network. ...

Soap operas

Most soaps began saving their episodes regularly between 1976 and 1979; several soap operas have saved recordings of all their episodes. The long-running Days of our Lives has recordings of all its episodes, including kinescopes of early episodes, and The Young and the Restless, along with cancelled soaps Dark Shadows and Ryan's Hope, have most of their episodes saved, despite the fact that they debuted during the 1960s and 1970s, before salvaging the tapes became common practice. Many random episodes of other soaps from throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s exist and have been showcased on various Internet websites. The studio master tapes of the first two episodes of Days of our Lives exist and were aired by SOAPnet in 2005. Days of our Lives is an American soap opera, which has aired nearly every weekday since November 8, 1965[5] on the NBC network in the United States, and has since been syndicated to many countries around the world. ... The Young and the Restless (commonly abbreviated as Y&R) is a popular American television soap opera, first broadcast on CBS Daytime on March 26, 1973. ... Dark Shadows is a Gothic soap opera that originally aired weekdays on the ABC television network, from June 27, 1966 to April 2, 1971. ... Ryans Hope was a soap opera which aired for fourteen years on ABC, from July 7, 1975 to January 13, 1989. ...

The long-running soap opera Search for Tomorrow, which aired from 1951 to 1986, is a quintessential example of a soap opera that was wiped. While scattered episodes from the 1950s and 1960s survive on kinescopes, many episodes of the CBS (later NBC) soap from the 1970s were erased after their broadcasts in order to shoot more episodes, due to the high cost of videotapes at the time. In many cases, the episodes in question are lost forever. All of SFT's episodes from the show's 1982-1986 NBC run are believed to be intact, and were rerun on the USA Network in the late 1980s. Search for Tomorrow was a soap opera which started airing on Monday, September 3, 1951 on CBS. The show was moved from CBS, its original broadcaster, on Friday, March 26, 1982, with NBC picking it up on the following Monday, March 29, 1982. ... USA Network is a popular American cable television network with about 89 million household subscribers as of 2005. ...

As the World Turns and The Edge of Night aired live until 1975, the year Edge moved to ABC. Both shows began taping episodes in preparation for Edge's move to ABC. As a result, the number of surviving black-and-white episodes outnumber color episodes. Procter and Gamble started saving their shows around 1978; very few color episodes of the P&G-sponsored shows survive, and many of those that still exist were preserved only as black-and-white kinescopes. Many black-and-white episodes of The Guiding Light survive as kinescopes; although the quality of these films has degraded to the point where in some cases the video is too dark to be worth viewing, the audio quality is fine. There are only two known surviving black-and-white episodes of Another World from 1964 at the Paley Center for Media. Another known AW episode available was a black-and-white kinescope from 1968, on the WoST website. Edge's first ABC episode is believed to have survived. As the World Turns (ATWT) is the second longest-running American television soap opera (the first being Guiding Light),[1] airing each weekday on CBS Daytime. ... The Edge of Night was a long-running American television soap opera. ... The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American television network. ... Procter & Gamble Co. ... This Guiding Light logo, which debuted in 1982, was used, save for background changes, until 1990. ... Another World is a book by Pat Barker. ...

DuMont Television Network programs

It is believed that virtually the entire archive of the American DuMont Television Network, covering its whole history from 1946 to 1956, was disposed of during the 1970s by a "successor" broadcaster (believed to be ABC; they may have dumped the kinescopes/videotapes into the East River to make room for other tapes at a New York City warehouse^[1]). Only a few kinescopes still exist. The DuMont Television Network was the worlds first commercial television network, beginning operation in the United States in 1946. ... The year 1946 in television involved some significant events. ... The year 1956 in television involved some significant events. ...

The Tonight Show and early sporting events

Almost all of The Tonight Show with Jack Paar and the first ten years hosted by his successor Johnny Carson were taped over by the network, which is why Carson's late 1960s shows looked muddy compared to his competitor Dick Cavett on ABC; NBC was using the Tonight Show tapes repeatedly. Many early sporting events, such as the World Series and the first two Super Bowls, were also lost. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Jack Parr redirects here. ... For other persons named John Carson, see John Carson (disambiguation). ... Richard Alva Dick Cavett (born November 19, 1936) is an Emmy-winning American television talk show host known for his conversational style and in-depth discussion of issues. ... The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American television network. ... The National Broadcasting Company or NBC is an American television broadcasting company based in New York Citys Rockefeller Center. ... For other events named World Series, see World Series (disambiguation). ... The winning Super Bowl team receives the Vince Lombardi Trophy. ...

See also: The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, List of World Series broadcasters, and List of Super Bowl broadcasters

Super Bowl I was aired by both CBS and NBC, the only Super Bowl to be aired by two networks, but neither one felt the need to preserve the game. Super Bowl II, aired exclusively by CBS, is also believed to have been erased. Only short segments of the historic games are known to survive, although most of the scoring plays have been preserved separately by NFL Films. Super Bowl III, broadcast by NBC, is the earliest Super Bowl to survive on tape in its entirety. The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson was a late-night talk show hosted by Johnny Carson under the Tonight Show franchise from 1962 to 1992. ... The following is a list of national American radio and television networks, and announcers, that have broadcast World Series games over the years. ... This is a list of Super Bowl broadcasters, that is, all of the American television networks and sports announcers that have broadcast the championship game of the National Football League. ... Date January 15, 1967 Stadium Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum City Los Angeles MVP Bart Starr, Quarterback Favorite Packers by 14 National anthem University of Arizona and Grambling State University Bands Coin toss Norm Schachter Referee Norm Schachter Halftime show University of Arizona and Grambling State University Bands Attendance 61,946... This article is about the broadcast network. ... This article is about the television network. ... Date January 14, 1968 Stadium Miami Orange Bowl City Miami, Florida MVP Bart Starr, Quarterback Favorite Packers by 13½ National anthem Grambling State University Band Coin toss Game referee Referee Jack Vest Halftime show Grambling State University Band Attendance 75,546 TV in the United States Network CBS Announcers Ray... NFL Films is a Mount Laurel, New Jersey-based company devoted to producing commercials, television programs, feature films, and documentaries on the National Football League, as well as other unrelated major events and awards shows. ... Date January 12, 1969 Stadium Miami Orange Bowl City Miami, Florida MVP Joe Namath, Quarterback Favorite Colts by 18 National anthem Anita Bryant Coin toss Tom Bell Referee Tom Bell Halftime show America Thanks with Florida A&M University Attendance 75,389 TV in the United States Network NBC Announcers...

See also: NFL on CBS and NFL on NBC

The NFL on CBS is the brand name of the CBS television networks coverage of the National Football Leagues American Football Conference games, produced by CBS Sports. ... The NFL on NBC is the brand given to NBC Sports coverage of National Football League games until 1998, when NBC lost the NFL American Football Conference rights to CBS. NFL coverage returned to NBC on Sunday, August 6, 2006 under the title NBC Sunday Night Football [1], beginning its...

"Lost" shows

The first sitcom, The Mary Kay and Johnny Show is considered to be a "lost" show. Only a few of the 300+ episodes are known to exist. Mary Kay and Johnny was the first situation comedy broadcast on network television in the United States, and the first television program to show a couple sharing a bed. ...

Live programs that were never recorded

Many programs in the early days in television (such as the original Match Game, for instance) were broadcast live and never recorded in the first place; while they, liked wiped programs, are also lost forever, they in fact were not wiped because they were never recorded. The Match Game was an American television game show, most often hosted by Gene Rayburn. ...

Game shows

Game shows were particularly prone to wiping. Because many game shows of the time had very short runs of less than a year, most of the networks felt that it was unnecessary to keep them for posterity. Quiz show redirects here. ...

While Mark Goodson–Bill Todman Productions had the foresight to preserve many of their game shows for later reruns (this is part of the reason why they dominate the Game Show Network lineup), most other game shows from that era were not so lucky. For instance, almost all of the Bob Stewart, Heatter–Quigley, and pre-1980s Merv Griffin productions as well as the Hatos–Hall production Split Second have been destroyed with the exception of a few rare pilots and "cast aside" episodes. The result of this is that the few remaining episodes have become collectors' items and an active trading circuit exists among collectors. Mark Goodson (January 14, 1915 – December 18, 1992) was an accomplished American television producer who specialized in game shows. ... Bill Todman (July 31, 1916-July 29, 1979) was an American television producer born in New York City. ... GSN redirects here. ... Bob Stewart (1920 - ) is a former American television game show producer. ... Heatter-Quigley Productions is an American television production company that was launched in 1960 by two former television writers, Merrill Heatter and Bob Quigley. ... Mervyn Edward Merv Griffin, Jr. ... Split Second was an American game show. ...

An example of a casualty of wiping/non-preservation is the CBS daytime version of To Tell the Truth, which does not have a complete archive. A small number of episodes prior to 1966 still exist, two of which — one from 1963 and one from October 25, 1965 — exist on film. The rest survive on videotape. It is believed a large number of episodes from 1966 to 1968 do exist. Game Show Network (GSN) has shown most of the surviving daytime episodes. Another example is Pyramid (renamed several times over the years with higher dollar amounts), which was on two networks (CBS from 1973–1974 and ABC from 1974–1980, past 1976, The $10,000 Pyramid became The $20,000 Pyramid). Of those episodes that survived, about three weeks worth, from 1974 (15 episodes), which were taped at CBS Television City in Hollywood instead of the normal taping location, the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York City, were spared (they exist as master copies). A few were also recorded on video tape from the original broadcast. Apparently no episodes of the $10,000 Pyramid exist on video tape, all of which are apparently $20,000 Pyramid episodes. After 1978, wiping was stopped by ABC, and no other episodes were wiped until it left the air in 1980. Another example is Concentration, which had a very long run (1958–1973 on NBC and 1973–1978 in syndication). Only a handful of episodes exist amongst collectors. The NBC version was believed to be wiped, many early episodes were live, hence only a kinescope would exist from that time, while the syndicated version's fate is unknown. Few episodes are known to be in the hands of collectors. To Tell the Truth is also the title of Charles Robert Jenkins autobiography To Tell the Truth is an American television game show created by Bob Stewart[1] and produced by Goodson-Todman Productions that has been aired intermittently in various formats since 1956, hosted by various television personalities. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... GSN redirects here. ... Pyramid was an American television game show where contestants tried to guess a series of words or phrases, based on descriptions that were given to them, in the shortest amount of time. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Concentration was a TV game show based on the childrens memory game of the same name. ... Jan. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ...

For a long time, it was thought that a huge majority of episodes of the original version of the Hollywood Squares were wiped/destroyed until a large number of episodes, mostly from the short-lived 1968 NBC prime-time and long-running 1970s syndicated runs but including some daytime episodes, such as a 1977 Storybook Squares episode that aired on Game Show Network, were discovered. GSN aired many of those episodes, and on one or two occasions left the NBC color peacock intact (and even on one other occasion, also kept the NBC "snake" logo intact). This article does not cite any references or sources. ... NBC has used numerous logos at various times; this article shows all of its television logos, including the peacock design (originally for color broadcasts only) that led to it being nicknamed the Peacock network and eventually became its logo. ...

The ABC version of Password was almost gone. GSN found (and aired) one episode featuring Brett Somers and Jack Klugman. A second studio master episode is believed to have survived as well. An additional small number of episodes survive amongst videotape traders, including the final episode from 1975. UCLA also has a small number of episodes in their archives. Both this version's and most of the CBS daytime version's episodes are considered lost and/or destroyed. Most of the CBS nighttime version and final daytime year (the latter of which was produced in color) survive. In the case of the color episodes, they were edited for syndication. The ABC version was supposedly wiped to record Richard Dawson's Family Feud. There are many other game shows, as well as other kinds of shows (e.g. soap operas, sitcoms, etc.) which are probably lost forever. Password was an American television game show produced by Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the American game show. ...

The 1976 game show Second Chance, better known as the original version of and predecessor to the more popular Press Your Luck, is an example of a series that is believed to be completely destroyed. No episodes that ever made it to air are known for certain to exist, although there is one person who claims to be the son of a Second Chance contestant and says he has what appears to be the only remaining copy of the show other than a pilot episode. This man's claims have yet to be verified. Second Chance was an ABC game show that aired from March 7 to July 15, 1977. ... Press Your Luck is an American television daytime game show originally broadcast on CBS from 1983 to 1986 where contestants collected spins by answering trivia questions, and then used the spins on an 18-space gameboard full of cash and prizes. ...

Brazil

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In 1968-1969, TV Tupi, producing the soap opera Beto Rockfeller, recorded chapters by wiping the previous ones, and few have survived. Rede Record also lost much footage from the 1960s due to wiping, fires and deterioration: most of the MPB music festivals no longer exist, and the sitcom Família Trapo has only one surviving episode, featuring Pelé. Defunct Brazilian broadcast TV Excelsior lost almost footage in three fires, some scenes from telenovelas A Deusa Vencida, Redenção, A Muralha and Sangue do Meu Sangue survived, as MPB music festivals, like Elis Regina singing "Arrastão", humoristic Times Square and jornalistic Jornal de Vanguarda, who received Spanish award Ondas are lost. Rede Globo lost 35 first programs of Fantástico, Jornal Nacional beginning programs 1969 to 1973 and a lot of chapters of soap operas. Rede Tupi was the first Brazilian television network. ... Rede Record is a Brazilian television network. ... Música Popular Brasileira, or MPB, literally Brazilian Popular Music, designating a trend in post-Bossa Nova urban popular music. ... Pele redirects here. ... Telenovela is the Spanish and Portuguese word for prime time serial or soap opera. ... MPB (Música Popular Brasileira) is a specific musical genre of Brazilian popular music that employs sophisticated lyrics, melodies, and harmonies in which the commercial aspect is subordinate to the performers artistic standards. ... Elis Regina Carvalho Costa, known simply as Elis Regina (March 17, 1945 – January 19, 1982) was a singer of Brazilian popular music who achieved great success and recognition during her lifetime. ... Rede Globo (Portuguese: Globe Network) better known as Globo or TV Globo is Latin Americas biggest television network. ... Fantástico is a brazilian weekly television newsmagazine broadcast on Sundays by Rede Globo. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Recovery

Since the BBC archive was first audited in 1978, a number of episodes thought missing have been returned to them from various sources. An appeal to broadcasters in other countries who had shown missing programmes (notably Australia, New Zealand, Canada and African nations such as Nigeria) produced "missing" episodes from the archives of those television companies. Episodes have also been returned to broadcasters by private film collectors who had acquired 16mm copies from various sources. Two episodes of the first series of The Avengers (an Associated British Corporation production) which were thought to be missing were recovered from the UCLA film archive in the United States. The BBC sitcom Steptoe and Son now has all of its episodes existing in the archives (although around half the colour episodes only exist in black and white), after copies of episodes thought to be lost were recovered from early home video recordings made by the writers Ray Galton and Alan Simpson at the time, and only recovered in the late 1990s. A few audios of Til Death Us Do Part have been recovered, as well as an extract of the pilot episode and two episodes from the Third Series. A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Associated British Corporation (otherwise known as ABC Television or ABC Weekend TV) was one of a number of commercial television companies set up in the 1950s by cinema chains in an attempt to safeguard their business by getting involved in television which was taking away their cinema audiences. ... Binomial name Ucla xenogrammus Holleman, 1993 The largemouth triplefin, Ucla xenogrammus, is a fish of the family Tripterygiidae and only member of the genus Ucla, found in the Pacific Ocean from Viet Nam, the Philippines, Palau and the Caroline Islands to Papua New Guinea, Australia (including Christmas Island), and the... A sitcom or situation comedy is a genre of comedy performance originally devised for radio but today typically found on television. ... Steptoe and Son is a British sitcom written by Ray Galton and Alan Simpson about two rag and bone men living in Oil Drum Lane, a fictional street in Shepherds Bush, London. ... Ray Galton, OBE (born 1930) and Alan Simpson, OBE (born 1929) are British scriptwriters who met in 1948 at a Tuberculosis sanatorium in London. ... Ray Galton OBE (born 1930), and Alan Simpson OBE (born 1929), are British scriptwriters who met in 1948 at a tuberculosis sanatorium in London. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ... Til Death Us Do Part (also known as Till Death Us do Part)1 was a BBC television sitcom series written by Johnny Speight that ran from 1966 until 1975. ...

Missing tapes are often found in unexpected places: Copies of several episodes of the British 1960's comedy At Last The 1948 Show, believed by many to be a forerunner of Monty Python's Flying Circus, were discovered in the archives of the Swedish broadcaster SVT, to whom the producers Rediffusion London had sold them to upon the companies' loss of its broadcasting licence (The master-tapes, along with much of Rediffusion's programming having been wiped or disposed of by their successor Thames Television). At Last the 1948 Show was a satirical TV show made by David Frosts Paradine Productions (although they werent credited on the actual programmes) in association with Rediffusion London for Britains ITV network during 1967, bringing Cambridge Footlights type-humour to a broader audience. ... This article is about the television series. ... Sveriges Television (SVT) is a national publicly-funded television broadcaster based in Sweden. ... Associated-Rediffusion, later Rediffusion, London, was the British ITV contractor for London, on weekdays between 1954 (transmissions started on September 22, 1955) and July 29, 1968. ...

Off-air home audio recordings of various television programmes have also been recovered, at least preserving the soundtracks to otherwise missing shows, and some of these — particularly from Doctor Who — have been released on CD by the BBC following restoration and the addition of narration to describe purely visual elements. Tele-snaps, a commercial service of off-screen shots of programmes often purchased by actors and television directors to keep a record of their work in the days before videocassette recorders, have also been recovered for many missing programmes. This article is about the television series. ... CD may stand for: Compact Disc Canadian Forces Decoration Cash Dispenser (at least used in Japan) CD LPMud Driver Centrum-Demokraterne (Centre Democrats of Denmark) Certificate of Deposit ÄŒeské Dráhy (Czech Railways) Chad (NATO country code) Chalmers Datorförening (computer club of the Chalmers University of Technology) a 1960s... Tele-snaps were photographs of BBC broadcasts taken by John Cura before the advent of video recording. ... Actors in period costume sharing a joke whilst waiting between takes during location filming. ... A television director is usually responsible for directing the actors and other taped aspects of a television production. ... The videocassette recorder (or VCR, more commonly known in the UK and Ireland as the video recorder), is a type of video tape recorder that uses removable videotape cassettes containing magnetic tape to record audio and video from a television broadcast so it can be played back later. ...

Preservation

The advance of technology has resulted in old programming being transferred to new digital media. In the United Kingdom, the archives of both the BBC and those available of ITV, along with other channels, are being switched from cumbersome 2-inch quadruplex videotape to digital format. This is an extensive and expensive process and one that will take many years to complete.

See also

• Doctor Who missing episodes
• British television Apollo 11 coverage
• The Likely Lads (1 found)
• Dad's Army (2 found)
• Hancock's Half Hour
• Not Only... But Also
• Do Not Adjust Your Set
• At Last the 1948 Show
• Secrets
• Hollywood Squares
• The Magic Clown (Almost entire run destroyed)
• Mary Kay and Johnny (Almost entire run destroyed)
• Lost film
• Beulah (Almost entire run destroyed)

Material from missing Doctor Who serials has seen release in books, and in audio form on CD, and two episodes have been animated for DVD release. ... The Likely Lads was a hit British sitcom created and written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais. ... Dad’s Army was a British sitcom about the Home Guard in the Second World War. ... Hancocks Half Hour was a famous BBC radio comedy series of the 1950s starring Tony Hancock. ... Not Only. ... From left to right: David Jason, Michael Palin, Terry Jones, and Eric Idle. ... At Last the 1948 Show was a satirical TV show made by David Frosts Paradine Productions (although they werent credited on the actual programmes) in association with Rediffusion London for Britains ITV network during 1967, bringing Cambridge Footlights type-humour to a broader audience. ... Secrets is a one-hour 1973 BBC Television play by Michael Palin and Terry Jones, starring Warren Mitchell as the owner of a chocolate factory. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Mary Kay and Johnny was the first situation comedy broadcast on network television in the United States, and the first television program to show a couple sharing a bed. ... A lost film is a feature film or short film that no longer exists in either studio archives or private collections. ... Beulah can refer to one of the following places: The Land of Beulah is a location in the Book of Isaiah in The Bible. ...

References

• Fiddy, Dick (2002). Missing, Believed Wiped: Searching for the Lost Treasures of British Television. London: British Film Institute. ISBN 978-0-85170-866-9. 

The British Film Institute (BFI) is a charitable organisation established by Royal Charter to encourage the development of the arts of film, television and the moving image throughout the United Kingdom, to promote their use as a record of contemporary life and manners, to promote education about film, television and...

Related articles

• Film preservation
• Telerecording
• Kinescope

The film preservation, or film restoration, movement is an ongoing project among film historians, archivists, museums, and non-profit organizations to rescue decaying film stock and preserve the images which they contain. ... Telerecording (known as kinescoping in the USA) is the British name for a process pioneered during the 1940s for the storing of electronically-shot television programmes on film, which was used for the preservation, re-broadcasting and sale of television programmes before the use of commercial broadcast-quality videotape became... Kinescope (IPA: ) originally referred to the cathode ray tube used in television monitors. ...

External links

• Full Details of the BBC's treasure Hunt
• BBC archiving policy
• British TV Missing Episodes Index