NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Woad

Woad (or glastum) is the common name of the flowering plant Isatis tinctoria in the family Brassicaceae. It is commonly called dyer's woad, and sometimes incorrectly listed as Isatis indigotica (a newer and invalid name for the same plant). It is occasionally known as Asp of Jerusalem. Woad is also the name of a blue dye produced from the plant. Woad is pronounced /ˈwoʊd/, to rhyme with road. Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ... Genera See text. ... This article is about the colour. ... Look up dye in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Woad is native to the steppe and desert zones of the Caucasus, Central Asia to eastern Siberia and Western Asia (Hegi), but is now found in southeastern and some parts of Central Europe as well. It has been cultivated throughout Europe, especially in Western and southern Europe, since ancient times. This article is about the ecological zone type. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Caucasus Mountains. ... This article is about Siberia as a whole. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...

History of woad cultivation

In Europe, woad was the only source for blue dye available until the end of the 16th century when trade routes began bringing indigo from the far east. (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Indigo dye indigo molecule Indigo dye is an important dyestuff with a distinctive blue color (see indigo). ...

The first archaeological finds of woad seeds date to the Neolithic and have been found in the French cave of l'Audoste, Bouches du Rhone (France). In the Iron Age settlement of the Heuneburg, Germany, impressions of the seeds have been found on pottery. The Hallstatt burials of Hochdorf and Hohmichele contained textiles dyed with woad.^{[citation needed]} An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools. ... Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ... The Heuneburg is the site of a large early Iron Age (Hallstatt culture) hill fort near Riedlingen, Württemberg, in Germany. ... Hallstatt, Upper Austria is a village in the Salzkammergut, a region in Austria. ... Hochdorf is a district in the Canton of Lucerne in Switzerland (Amt Hochdorf); a part of the town of Eberdingen (Baden-WÃ¼rttemberg/Germany) with a Celtic princely grave barrow; a part of the town of Plochingen (Baden-WÃ¼rttemberg/Germany). ...

Julius Caesar tells us (in de Bello Gallico) that the Britanni used to mark their bodies with vitrum; this has often been assumed to mean that they painted or tattooed themselves with woad. However vitrum does not translate to "woad", but probably more likely refers to a type of blue-green glass which was common at the time.^[1] The Picts may have gotten their name (Latin Picti which means painted folk or possibly tattooed folk) from their practice of going into battle naked except for body paint or tattoos. (This has been commemorated in the humorous (modern) British song The Woad Ode.) However, more recent research has cast serious doubt on the assumption that woad was the material the Picts used for body decoration. Contemporary experiments with woad have proven that it does not work well at all as either a body paint or tattoo pigment. Highly astringent, when used for tattooing or placed in wounds woad produces quite a bit of scar tissue and, once healed, no blue is left behind. The common use of dung as an ingredient in traditional woad dye preparations also make it unlikely to have been suitable for application to wounds.^[1] For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Commentarii de Bello Gallico (literally Commentaries on the Gallic War in Latin) is an account written by Julius Caesar (in the third person) about his nine years of war in Gaul. ... For other uses, see Tattoo (disambiguation). ... A replica of the Hilton of Cadboll Stone. ... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ... The Woad Ode is a humorous, anonymous song, set to the tune of Men of Harlech. ... A bottle of tannic acid, an astringent Astringent medicines cause shrinkage of mucous membranes or exposed tissues and are often used internally to check discharge of blood serum or mucous secretions. ...

In Viking age levels at York, a dye shop with remains of both woad and madder dating from the 10th century have been excavated. In Medieval times, centres of woad–cultivation lay in Lincolnshire and Somerset in England, Gascogne, Normandy, the Somme Basin (from Amiens to Saint-Quentin), Toulouse and Britanny in France, Jülich, the Erfurt area in Thuringia in Germany and Piedmont and Tuscany in Italy. The citizens of the five Thuringian woad-towns of Erfurt, Gotha, Tennstedt, Arnstadt and Langensalza had their own charters. In Erfurt, the woad-traders gave the funds to found the University of Erfurt. Traditional fabric is still printed with woad in Thuringia, Saxony and Lusatia today: it is known as Blaudruck (literally, 'blue dyeing'). Viking Age is the term denoting the years from about 800 to 1066 in Scandinavian History[1][2][3]. // The Vikings have been much maligned in European history, due in large part to their violent attacks on Christians in the first centuries of their excursions out of Scandinavia. ... York shown within England Coordinates: , Sovereign state Constituent country Region Yorkshire and the Humber Ceremonial county North Yorkshire Admin HQ York City Centre Founded 71 City Status 71 Government - Type Unitary Authority, City - Governing body City of York Council - Leadership: Leader & Executive - Executive: Liberal Democrat - MPs: Hugh Bayley (L) John... Species See text. ... For other places with the same name, see Lincolnshire (disambiguation). ... This article is about the county of Somerset in England. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Normandy (disambiguation). ... Somme river The Somme River (French RiviÃ¨re Somme) is a river in Picardy, northern France. ... Amiens is a city and commune in the north of France, 120 km north of Paris. ... Places called Saint-Quentin include: Saint-Quentin, Aisne, Picardie, France Saint-Quentin, New Brunswick, Canada Saint-Quentin is part of the name of several places, including: Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, a new town and communautÃ© dagglomÃ©ration in the French dÃ©partement of Yvelines Saint-Quentin is part of... New city flag (Occitan cross) Traditional coat of arms Motto: (Occitan: For Toulouse, always more) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Midi-PyrÃ©nÃ©es Department Haute-Garonne (31) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse Mayor Jean-Luc Moudenc (UMP) (since 2004) City Statistics Land... This is about the region in France; for other meanings of Brittany and Bretagne, see Brittany (disambiguation). ... JÃ¼lich is a medium-size town in the district of DÃ¼ren, in the federal state of Nordrhein-Westfalen, in Germany. ... The cathedral Mariendom at night. ... The Free State of Thuringia (German: Freistaat ThÃ¼ringen) is located in central Germany and is considered one of the smaller of Germanys sixteen BundeslÃ¤nder (federal states), with an area of 16,200 kmÂ² and 2. ... Piedmont is a region of northwestern Italy. ... For other uses, see Tuscany (disambiguation). ... Gotha is a town in Thuringia, in Germany. ... Bad Tennstedt is a town in the Unstrut-Hainich district, in Thuringia, Germany. ... Arnstadt is a town in Ilm-Kreis, Thuringia, Germany. ... Langensalza is a town located in Thuringia, Germany, with a 1960 population of 16,000. ... The University of Erfurt is one of the oldest universities in Germany. ... Location Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DED Capital Dresden Minister-President Georg Milbradt (CDU) Governing parties CDU / SPD Votes in Bundesrat 4 (from 69) Basic statistics Area 18,416 kmÂ² (7,110 sq mi) Population 4,252,000 (11/2006)[1] - Density 231 /km... Lusatia (German: , Upper Sorbian: , Lower Sorbian: , Polish: , Czech: ) is a historical region between the BÃ³br and Kwisa rivers and the Elbe river in the eastern German states of Saxony and Brandenburg, south-western Poland (Lower Silesian Voivodeship) and the northern Czech Republic. ...

Medieval uses of the dye were not limited to textiles. For example, the illustrator of the Lindisfarne Gospels used a woad-based pigment for blue paint. Folio 27r from the Lindisfarne Gospels contains the incipit from the Gospel of Matthew. ...

Woad and indigo

The blue pigment in woad is the same as in indigo dye^{[citation needed]}, but it is less concentrated. With the European discovery of the seaway to India, great amounts of indigo were imported. Laws were passed in some parts of Europe to protect the woad industry from the competition of the indigo trade. Indigo was proclaimed to rot the yarns as well. "In 1577 the German government officially prohibited the use of indigo, denouncing it as that pernicious, deceitful and corrosive substance, the Devil's dye." ^[2] "... a recess of the Diet held in 1577 prohibited the use of 'the newly-invented, deceitful, eating and corrosive dye called the devil's dye.' This prohibition was repeated in 1594 and again in 1603."^[3] With the development of a chemical process to synthesize the pigment, both the woad and natural indigo industries collapsed in the first years of the twentieth century. The last commercial harvest of woad until recent times occurred in 1932, in Lincolnshire, Britain. first year woad plants, Germany File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... first year woad plants, Germany File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Natural Ultramarine pigment in powdered form. ... Indigo dye indigo molecule Indigo dye is an important dyestuff with a distinctive blue color (see indigo). ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ...

In Germany, there are attempts to use woad to protect wood against decay without dangerous chemicals. Production is also increasing again in the UK for use in inks, particularly for inkjet printers, and dyes, as woad is biodegradable and safe in the environment, unlike many synthetic inks. Isatis tinctoria is viewed as an invasive species in parts of the United States. For other uses, see Ink (disambiguation). ... An Epson inkjet printer Inkjet printers are a type of computer printer that operates by propelling tiny droplets of liquid ink onto paper. ... Lantana invasion of abandoned citrus plantation; Moshav Sdey Hemed, Israel The term invasive species refers to a subset of introduced species or non-indigenous species that are rapidly expanding outside of their native range. ...

Woad and health

Recently, scientists have discovered woad might be used to prevent cancer, having more than 20 times the amount of glucobrassicin contained in broccoli.^[4] Young leaves when damaged can produce more glucobrassicin, up to 65 times as much.^[5] Glucobrassicin. ...

Indigowoad Root (Chinese: 板藍根; pinyin: bǎn lán gēn) is a traditional Chinese medicine herb that comes from the roots of woad, but often incorrectly listed under the synonymic name, Isatis indigotica. It is also known as Radix Isatidis. The herb is cultivated in various regions of northern China, namely Hebei, Beijing, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, and Gansu. The roots are harvested during the autumn and dried. The dried root is then processed into granules, which are most commonly consumed dissolved in hot water or tea. The product is very popular throughout China, and used to remove toxic heat, soothe sore throat and to treat influenza, measles, mumps, syphilis, or scarlet fever. It is also used for pharyngitis, laryngitis, erysipelas, and carbuncle, and to prevent hepatitis A, epidemic meningitis, cancer and inflammation. Possible minor side effects include allergic reactions causing dizziness, only large dosages or long term usage can be toxic to the kidneys. These treatments have not generally been evaluated clinically. Traditional Chinese medicine shop in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong. ... Hebei (Chinese: æ²³åŒ—; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hopeh) is a northern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Peking redirects here. ... Heilongjiang (Simplified Chinese: é»‘é¾™æ±Ÿçœ; Traditional Chinese: é»‘é¾æ±Ÿçœ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Postal System Pinyin: Heilungkiang) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. ... Henan (Chinese: æ²³å—; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-nan), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. ... (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. ... Gansu (Simplified Chinese: ç”˜è‚ƒ; Traditional Chinese: ç”˜è‚…; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kan-su, Kansu, or Kan-suh) is a province located in the northwest of the Peoples Republic of China. ... For other uses, see Tea (disambiguation). ... Sore Throat were a British noisegrind band, credited with contributing to the creation of that genre. ... FLU redirects here. ... Syphilis is a curable sexually transmitted disease caused by the Treponema pallidum spirochete. ... ÏŽ:For the noisegrind band, see Sore Throat. ... Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx. ... For other uses, see Carbuncle (disambiguation). ... Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... An abscess on the skin, showing the redness and swelling characteristic of inflammation. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Dyeing is the process of changing the colour of a yarn or cloth by treatment with a dye. ... This article is about the textile dyeing technique. ... Dyeing is the process of changing the colour of a yarn or cloth by treatment with a dye. ... Look up Mordant in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Categories: Stub ... A kalamkari representing two Indian dancers. ... Resist dyeing, resist-dyeing and variants is a term for a number of traditional methods of dyeing textiles with patterns. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 449 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (599 Ã— 799 pixel, file size: 149 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Look up dye in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Acid dye is a member of a class of dye that is applied from an acidic solution. ... In a reactive dye a chromophore contains a substituent that is activated and allowed to directly react to the surface of the substrate. ... A solvent dye is a dye soluble in organic solvents. ... Dye molecules are attracted by physical forces at the molecular level to the textile. ... Sulfur dyes are the biggest volume dyes manufactured for cotton. ... â™£Vat dyes are an ancient class of dyes, based on the natural dye, indigo, which is now produced synthetically. ... Brazilin Brazilin is a red pigment obtained from the wood of the brazilwood family (Caesalpinia sp), and is also known as Natural red 24. ... Binomial name Costa, 1835 Synonyms Coccus cacti Linnaeus, 1758 Pseudococcus cacti Burmeister, 1839 Cochineal is the name of both crimson or carmine dye and the cochineal insect (Dactylopius coccus), a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the dye is derived. ... Cudbear is a dye extracted from lichens that produces colours in the purple range. ... Binomial name Caesalpinia echinata Lam. ... Old Fustic (Morus tinctoria), produces a yellow dye. ... Indigo dye indigo molecule Indigo dye is an important dyestuff with a distinctive blue color (see indigo). ... Kermes (or chermes), meaning red insect in the Persian language, is the dried bodies of the females of a scale insect (Kermes ilices), formerly Coccus ilicis, allied to the cochineal insect, and found on several species of oak near the Mediterranean. ... Binomial name Haematoxylum campechianum The Logwood tree (Haematoxylum campechianum) was once an important source of red dye. ... Species See text. ... Binomial name Porphyrophora polonica Linnaeus, 1758 Area where the Polish cochineal was found in commercial quantities[2] Synonyms Coccus polonicus Linnaeus, 1758 Coccus radicum Beckmann, 1790 Coccionella polonica Hahnemann, 1793 Porphyrophora frischii Brandt, 1835 Porphyrophora fritchii Signoret, 1869 Margarodes polonicus Cockerell, 1902 Polish cochineal (Porphyrophora polonica L.), also known as... Binomial name Crocus sativus L. Saffron (IPA: ) is a spice derived from the flower of the saffron crocus (Crocus sativus), a species of crocus in the family Iridaceae. ... Murex brandaris, also known as the Spiny dye-murex The chemical structure of 6,6â€²-dibromoindigo, the main component of Tyrian Purple A space-filling model of 6,6â€²-dibromoindigo Tyrian purple (Greek: , porphura), also known as royal purple or imperial purple, is a purple-red dye made by the... Species About 50-70 species, including: Reseda alba - White Mignonette Reseda complicata Glaucous Mignonette Reseda lutea - Wild Mignonette Reseda luteola - Weld Reseda odorata - Common Mignonette Reseda phyteuma - Corn Mignonette Reseda scoparia - Canaries Mignonette Mignonette (Reseda) is a genus of fragrant herbaceous plants native to the Mediterranean region and southwest Asia... Saffron crocuses flowering in a garden in Osaka Prefecture (å¤§é˜ªåºœ), Kansai, HonshÅ«, Japan. ... The following are the principal native vegetable dyes used in Scottish Gaeldom, with the colours they produce. ... Dylon International Ltd is a British manufacturer of textile dyes and other household chemicals. ... Categories: Food and drink stubs | Kraft brands | Beverages ... Procion is a brand of fibre reactive dyes. ...

Encyclopedia > Woad

Contents

History of woad cultivation

Woad and indigo

Woad and health

References

External links