The Wodeyar dynasty (also spelt as Wadiyar-by the British and the Royal family members themselves and also as Odeyar by some) was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Mysore from 1399 to 1947, until the independence of India from British rule and the subsequent unification of British dominions and princely states into the Republic of India. The Kingdom of Mysore was a kingdom of southern India, which was founded about 1400 AD by the Wodeyar dynasty, who ruled the state until the independence of India in 1947, when the kingdom was merged with the Union of India. ... Events September 90 - Parksey peaked for the first time September 30 - Accession of Henry IV of England October 13 - Coronation of Henry IV of England November 1 - Accession of John VI, Duke of Brittany Births William Canynge, English merchant (approximate date; died 1474) Zara Yaqob, Emperor of Ethiopia (died 1468... 1947 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The British Raj is an informal term for the British colonial administration of most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, also included from 1886 was Burma. ... A princely state or native state was a feudal monarchy in British India ruled by a hereditary ruler, who was nominally sovereign. ...

Early History

The dynasty was established by Vijaya, who by some accounts came to Mysore from Dwaraka. Vijaya took on the name Yaduraya and ruled Mysore, then a small town, from 1399 to 1423.

The Mysore kingdom was ruled by a succession of rulers of the Wodeyar dynasty for the next couple of centuries. However, the kingdom remained fairly small during this period and was not independent, being a subsidiary of the Vijayanagara empire. The Vijayanagara empire was based in the Deccan, in peninsular and southern India, from 1336 onwards. ...

Expansion

The Vijayanagara Empire disintegrated in 1565. The power vacuum created soon after was utilized by Raja Wodeyar, who ruled Mysore from 1578 to 1617. He expanded the borders of the Mysore kingdom and also shifted the capital from the city of Mysore in 1610 to Srirangapatna, a rare island formed by the river Cauvery , which provided natural protection against military attacks. Ranganatha Temple Srirangapatna (also known as Seringapatam during the British Raj) is a small town, 13 km from Mysore in southern India. ... The Cauvery (sometimes written as Kaveri) is one of the major rivers of southern India. ...

Subsequent famous rulers of the dynasty include Ranadheera Kanteerava Narasaraja Wodeyar (ruled 1638-1659) who expanded the frontiers of the Mysore Kingdom to Trichy in Tamil Nadu. The dynasty reached its peak under Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (ruled 1673-1704), who widely reformed the administration of the empire by dividing it into 18 departments (called Chavadis) and also introduced a coherent system of taxation. Tiruchirapalli (also spelled Tiruchchirappalli, commonly known as Tiruchi or Trichy, formerly known as Trichinopoly under British rule) is a city situated on the banks of the Kaveri river, centrally located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ...

Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan

After the death of Chamaraja Wodeyar VI in 1734, the failure of the direct male line necessitated not only the adoption of an heir, but also precipitated a minority. The Arasus feudal barons of Kalale came to hold sway over the affairs of the Kingdom of Mysore, and the position of "Dalavoy" or supreme commander of the Royal army, became effectively hereditary to that family. The situation was compounded by extensive intermarriage between the royal family of Mysore and that of the Arasus of Kalale. Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... The Kingdom of Mysore was a kingdom of southern India, which was founded about 1400 AD by the Wodeyar dynasty, who ruled the state until the independence of India in 1947, when the kingdom was merged with the Union of India. ...

During this period, Hyder Ali who joined the army as a foot soldier, came to prominence. By many accounts, he enjoyed the confidence of Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar II, and hence essayed a meteoric rise in the affairs of the Kingdom. During the minority of Maharaja Nanjaraja Wodeyar, Hyder Ali rose to become the de facto ruler of the state, retaining the Wodeyars as mere figureheads. Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ... Hyder Ali or Haidar Ali (c. ...

Hyder Ali, however, never officially ascended the throne himself, believing in a religious maxim to not betray his king. His son, Tipu Sultan, also known as Sher-E-Mysore (The Tiger of Mysore), dispensed even with this charade, and assumed full royal powers, ascending to the throne in 1782. Tipu Sultan prosecuted a brilliant military career, but was defeated by the British in the fourth Mysore War and died in 1799. The British, who purported to wage that war in support of the legitimate dynasty, reinstated the Wodeyars to the throne in the person of Krishnaraja Wodeyar III. Tipu sultans summer palace Tipu Sultan, also known as the The Tiger of Mysore (December 10, 1750, Devanhalli – May 4, 1799, Srirangapatnam) was the second son of Haider Ali by his second wife, Fatima or Fakr-un-nissa. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798-1799) was a war in South India between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East-India Company under Lord Wellesley. ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Under British Rule

After restoring the Wodeyars to the throne of Mysore the British shifted the capital back to the city of Mysore from Srirangapatna. The four year old boy Mummudi Krishna Raja Wodeyar, son of the last Wodeyar King Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar, was rescued by the British in a miserable hovel in Srirangapatna and was anointed as the King of Mysore. Wodeyars were now subsidiaries of the British Raj and had to pay annual subsidy to the British. However British took over the administration of the Kingdom on a specious plea of non-payment of subsidy amount from Mummudi Krishna Raja Wodeyar in 1831 and British appointed commissioners were in charge of the Kingdom. Mysore is the second largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Ranganatha Temple Srirangapatna (also known as Seringapatam during the British Raj) is a small town, 13 km from Mysore in southern India. ... The British Raj is an informal term for the British colonial administration of most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, also included from 1886 was Burma. ...

British Commissioners administered Mysore from 1831 to 1881. Mark Cubbon (1834-1861) and L. B. Bowring (1861-1870) are among the well-known Commissioners of the period.

But in 1868, the British Parliament upheld the King's plea and decided to restore the Kingdom back to his adopted son Chamaraja Wodeyar IX. In 1881, transfer of power back to the Wodeyars heralded an important phase in the making of modern Mysore. For the first time in India, democratic experiments were introduced by the constitution of the representative assembly. His son Nalvadi Krishna Raja Wodeyar earned great fame as a saintly King-Rajarishi and his Kingdom was hailed as Ramarajya by Mahatma Gandhi; an ideal kingdom comparable to the one ruled by the mythological hero Lord Rama. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) (Devanagari : मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी, Gujarati મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી) was a national icon who led the struggle for Indias independence from British colonial rule, empowered by tens of millions of common Indians. ... This article is about a Hindu incarnation of God (i. ...

Under British hegemony, the Wodeyars, freed from security concerns, shifted attention to the patronage of the fine arts. Under their patronage, Mysore became a cultural centre of Karnataka, fostering a number of famous musicians, writers and painters. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ in Kannada) is one of the four southern states of India. ...

The last king of the Wodeyar dynasty was Jayachamaraja Wodeyar, who ruled from 1940 until the Indian independence movement liberated Indian sub-continent from British rule. In the year 1947, after India attained independence, he acceded his Kingdom to the dominion of India, but continued as the Maharaja until India became a Republic in 1950. He became the Raja Pramukh—a constitutional position—as the head of Mysore State within the Republic of India from 1950-1956. After the re-organization of Indian States on linguistic basis, he was appointed as the Governor of the integrated Mysore State (present Karnataka state) in 1956, which post he held until 1964 and after that Governor of Madras state (now Tamil Nadu) for two years. But the Indian Constitution continued to recognize him as the Maharaja of Mysore until 1971, when Mrs. Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India abolished the titles and Privy Purse of well over 560 Maharajas spread over different parts of India. The Maharaja died in 1974, and his only son Srikanta Datta Narasimha Raja Wodeyar (b. 1953) was a member of the Indian Parliament for many years. The Indian Independence Movement was a series of revolutions empowered by the people of India put forth to battle the British Empire for complete political independence, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857, reaching its climax with Mahatma Gandhis Quit India Movement (1942-1945), and Subhas Chandra Boses Indian... Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ in Kannada) is one of the four southern states of India. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (इन्दिरा प्रियदर्शिनी गान्धी) (November 19, 1917 – October 31, 1984) was Prime Minister of India from January 19, 1966 to March 24, 1977, and from January 14, 1980 until her assassination in 1984. ... Executive President Prime Minister The Union Ministries Legislative Parliament Rajya Sabha Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Speaker of the House Judicial Supreme Court Chief Justice of the Supreme Court High Courts District Courts Constitution Fundamental Rights and Directive principles Regions States and territories Elections General Elections State Assembly...

Wodeyar Rulers of Mysore

• Yaduraya (1399–1423)
• Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459)
• Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478)
• Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513)
• Hiriya bettada Chamaraja III Wodeyar (1513–1553)
• Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572)
• Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576)
• Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578)
• Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637).
• Raja II Wodeyar (1637–1638)
• (Ranadhira) Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638–1659)
• Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar (1659–1673)
• Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704)
• Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II (1704–1714)
• Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar (1714–1732)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734)
• (Immadi) Krishnaraja II Wodeyar (1734–1766)
• Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1770)
• Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII(1770–1776)
• Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1766–1796)
• (Mummudi) Krishnaraja III Wodeyar (1799–1868)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1868–1894)
• H.H. Vani Vilas Sannidhana, queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX, was Regent from 1894–1902.
• (Nalvadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1894–1940)
• Jayachamaraja Wodeyar (1940 - 1950)
  • Rajpramukh of Mysore state, (1950–1956)
  • Governor of Mysore state (present-day Karnataka), (1956–1964)
  • Governor of Madras state (present-day Tamil Nadu), (1964–1966)

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( with Queen Elizabeth II) Maharaja Jaya Chama Raja Wadiyar Maharaja Jaya Chamaraja Wadiyar also known by many other variations like jayachamaraja wadiyar, jaya chama raja wadiyar, jaya chamarajendra wadiyar and many times wadiyar replaced with the more popular wodeyar surname and at times with the royal appellation like Bahadur. ... 1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Rajpramukh was an administrative title in India. ... The Kingdom of Mysore was one of the three largest princely states within the erstwhile British Empire of India. ... 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1956 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 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CURSE ON WODEYARS

No account on Wodeyar is complete without a detailed account on a woman's curse afflicting the family for well over 395 years.

The Mysore kingdom, founded by Yaduraya in the year 1399, consisted of only the areas surrounding the Present Mysore City and in fact the original fort was supposed to have been at a place known as haDadana - an extant small village on the southern side of Chamundi Hill. Wodeyars ,like all others at that time were under the suzerainty of Vijayanagar Empire. The viceroy of the Vijayanagar kingdom headquartered at Srirangapatna. Wodeyars after Yaduraya slowly and steadily increased their influence and territory over the next 200 years. Raja Wodeyar the ninth Ruler of the dynasty was a remarkable man known for his valor and patronage of art and culture. He Ruled from 1578 to 1617. In the year 1610, he conquered the fort of Srirangapatna from Srirangaraya –the then Viceroy of Vijayanagar. Srirangaraya is said to have retired to Talakad along with his two wives. One of them Alamelamma was known to be a staunch devotee of Sri Ranganayaki- consort of Sri Ranganatha the presiding deity of the famous Adi-Ranga temple in the island fortress of Srirangapatna. She is said to have fled to Talakad with the jewels of Sri Ranganayaki.

Raja Wodeyar on coming to know of the disappearance of the temple jewels sent his army to Talakd. Alamelamma to escape the wrath of the Mysore Army uttered the legendary curse on Raja Wodeyar and jumped in to the whirlpool with the jewels and escaped unscathed. The curse which has survived the folk lore of last four hundred years is known thus:

May Malangi turn into an unfathomed whirlpool, May Talkad turn into a barren expanse of sand, May the Rajas of Mysore not have children for all time to eternity.

Hearing of this extreme step taken by Alamelamma, Raja Wodeyar was truly repentant. All he wanted to do was to return the jewellery to the temple and not confiscate them for his own use. In grief, he had an idol of Alamelamma made in gold, installed it in the Palace and worshipped it as a deity.

Even to this day, Alamelamma’s idol can be found inside the Mysore Palace and is worshipped by the Royal Family. One can see the same huge pearl nose stud adorning both Goddess Ranganayaki and Alamelamma even today. ( You can see this at www.royalsplendourofmysore.com, video clip no: 25. (that portion of the clip with the archaka’s having a white scarf tied around their mouth and food spread in front of the idol)

Dasara Festivities inside the Palace ends on the evening of Navarathri with a formal pooja to Alamelamma and the Kankana worn by the Royal Couple is removed there after paving way for the Vijaya Dashami – Sami pooja the next day. For these nine days the Royal Couple are bound inside the precincts of the Palace.

Another very interesting part of the story is that this Alamelamma Temple is under the care of the legal heirs of Alamelamma herself and they still stay inside the Mysore Palace fort. Strangely even these priests/caretakers appears to be cursed and even they do not beget children and follow the same pattern afflicting the Wodeyars!

Here a brief sketch of Raja Wodeyar which is necessary to get a historical perspective:

Raja Wodeyar after shifting to Srirangapatna is credited with starting the famous Dasara Festivities for the first time in 1610. But his only son died (effect of the curse !) just a day before the commencement of Navaratri, but the king after consulting experts has laid down the rule that the celebration of the ceremonies will not be interfered even due to the death of Royal members.

Raja Wodeyar was a devout of Vaishnavaite and he donated the famous bejeweled crown to the Lord Cheluvarayasvami of Melkote, which is celebrated as the Raja Mudi car festival even today. ( Even this Crown was confiscated by the Karnataka Government from the Royal Family during Emergency !)

Legend has it that, Raja Wodeyar having entered the garbha–griha of Cheluvarayasvami Temple on June 20, 1617, became one with the deity (aikya). Even today one can find a bhkati vigraha of the king inside the Temple. Another bhakthi Vigraha of the King can be found inside the Lakshmi-Narayanasvami Temple inside the Mysore Palace Fort.

Malangi and Talakad are two small towns near T Narasipur on the banks of Cauvery where the river takes a bend. Talakad`s temples lie buried in the vast expanse of sand and are dug up and exposed every 12 years. On the other hand, at Malangi, the river is at its deepest. Whether these phenomena started only after Alamelamma`s curse in AD 1610 is a matter of conjecture.

What can be stated with certainty is the fact that the curse on the royal family seems to have come true.

After Raja Wodeyar’s death in 1617 to Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar in 1704 (there were four Rulers in between), Kingdom was Ruled by the surviving progenies of Yaduraya, but none could beget legal heirs! Incidentally Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar is credited with the composition Gita Gopala – an opera in kannada.

The sole exception was Chikka Devaraja`s deaf and dumb son Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II ( also known as mookarasu).

 He was succeeded by his son Dodda Krishna Raja Wodeyar who Ruled from 1714 to 1732. With him Yaduraya’s direct lineage came to an end. 

What followed was a succession of nominal rulers adopted by the surviving queens to continue the tradition. Traditional Army commanders known as Dalvoy’s virtually Ruled the Kingdom and paved the way for the ascendancy of a foot soldier like Hyder Ali by 1762. After the famous Mysore War IV and the resultant death of Tipu Sultan , the legendary Arthur Wellesley ( also Known as Iron Duke ) conquered Srirangapatna in 1799. There were five Rulers from 1732 to 1796. In this period a definite pattern emerged wherein none of the natural heir to the throne born to a King(adopted or otherwise) could beget children, whereas one who became a King by virtue of adoption or otherwise was blessed with a legal heir. Even Hyder and Tipu continued with the tradition of having a nominal wodeyar king on the throne and even the Dasara Celebrations continued as usual. But after the death of Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar in 1796 Tipu stopped even this practice and destroyed the Wodeyar Palace at Srirangapatna and also destroyed the famous Saraswathi Bhandara containing the Ancient Scriptures and oriental treasures. Infant Mummudi Krishna Raja Wodeyar and Rani Lakshammanni and other members of the Royal family were in a miserable hovel when the British found them. British restored the Kingdom to the four year old Mummudi Krishna Raja Wodeyar and shifted the capital back to Mysore.

What follows is recent history:

Mummudi personal life is very fascinating. He was a modern day krishna in which ever way you look. He survived a Kamsa in Tipu. He fought the Kaurava’s in British and took the war to the British Parliament and got the Kingdom restored to his adopted son. He wrote his Gita in SriTattvanidhi and svara choodamani and other epics.He had his Rukmini and satyabhama’s ( Five pattamahishi’s) and he had his share of Radha’s too ( Fifteen gandharva vivahas). Surprsisngly he had children from his other wives. He had three sons and many daughters from these minor queens. He had one son- Nanajaraja Bahadur- from a Brahmin lady known as Puttarangamba Devi and even today this lineage survives and is known by the name Bahadur ( Nanjaraja Bahadur Choultry is a famous heritage structure in Mysore). But ironically none of the three sons survived him ! One of the descendent- a successful American citizen has recently started B.N.Bahadur Institute of Management under the auspices of Mysore University.

Mummudi adopted Chamaraja Wodeyar X as his legal heir in 1965 and when British refused to accord recognition and restore the Kingdom to him, he took the campaign to the British Parliament where under immense pressure from many Parliamentarians, British Government accepted the adoption and agreed to restore the Kingdom to the adopted son on his coming of age. Thus in 1881 the famous Rendition of power took place and Chamaraja wodeyar X, ascended the throne. Chamaraja Wodeyar X died in 1894 at Calcutta, leaving behind two minor sons and three daughters. While the elder seven-year-old boy was crowned as Nalvadi (the fourth) Krishnaraja Wodeyar, the Regency was entrusted to his mother, who came to be referred to as Vani Vilas Sannidhana. On turning 18, Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV was invested with full authority personally by the Viceroy, Lord Curzon, in 1902. His brother Kantheerava Narasimharaja Wodeyar was given the title of Yuvaraja. Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV died without children and as his brother had predeceased him, His son, Jaya Chamaraja Wodeyar was crowned in .His only son, Srikanta Datta Narasimha Raja Wodeyar, is now the scion of the Wodeyar family. He has no children.

It is amazing that the curse, barring that interesting exception narrated in the supervening paragraphs has survived from the year 1610 till today, for almost 400 years spanning 17 Maharajas. A miracle Or sheer coincidence? The curse, unlike the Privy Purse abolished by Indira Gandhi, seems to be still in force!

See Also

• Kingdom of Mysore
• Mysore State
• Maharaja of Mysore
• Karnataka
• Mysore
• Srirangapatna

The Kingdom of Mysore was a kingdom of southern India, which was founded about 1400 AD by the Wodeyar dynasty, who ruled the state until the independence of India in 1947, when the kingdom was merged with the Union of India. ... The Kingdom of Mysore was one of the three largest princely states within the erstwhile British Empire of India. ... Maharaja of Mysore was the principal title of the ruler of the the Kingdom of Mysore in India. ... Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ in Kannada) is one of the four southern states of India. ... Mysore is the second largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Ranganatha Temple Srirangapatna (also known as Seringapatam during the British Raj) is a small town, 13 km from Mysore in southern India. ...

External Links

• History of Mysore Wodeyars
• Mysore - Imperial City of Karnataka
• Genealogy of the Wodeyar Dynasty