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The international movement for women's suffrage, led by suffragists (commonly called suffragettes), was a social, economic and political reform movement aimed at extending the suffrage (i.e. the right to vote) to women, advocating equal suffrage (abolition of graded votes) rather than universal suffrage (abolition of discrimination due to, for instance, race), which was considered too radical. A catch phrase was "one man, one vote!" Suffragette with banner, Washington DC, 1918 The title of suffragette was given to members of the womens suffrage movement in the United Kingdom and United States, particularly in the years prior to World War I. The name was the Womens Social and Political Union (founded in 1903). ...
Reform movement is a kind of social movement that aims to make a change in certain aspects of the society rather than fundamental changes. ...
Suffrage is the civil right to vote, or the exercise of that right. ...
For the Finno-Ugric people, see Votes. ...
Image of a woman on the Pioneer plaque sent to outer space. ...
Suffrage parade, New York City, 1912 In 1869 the Wyoming Territory in the United States became the first modern polity where equal suffrage was extended to women. The earliest country extending that right was Pitcairn Islands in 1838. In 1893, New Zealand was the first country to introduce universal suffrage, following a movement led by Kate Sheppard. Download high resolution version (1141x805, 351 KB)Feminist Suffrage Parade in New York City, May 6, 1912. ...
Download high resolution version (1141x805, 351 KB)Feminist Suffrage Parade in New York City, May 6, 1912. ...
1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Wyoming Territory was an organized territory of the United States that was existed from 1868 until its admission to the Union as the State of Wyoming in 1890. ...
The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America, the States, or (archaically) Columbia—is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii). ...
This article discusses states as sovereign political entities. ...
National motto: ? Official language English (Pitcairnese also spoken) Capital Adamstown Governor Richard Fell Mayor Jay Warren (elected on December 15 2004) Area - Total - % water 47 km² Negligible Population - Total (2003) - Density 48 1/km² Dependent area of United Kingdom Currency New Zealand dollar Time zone UTC -8 National anthem None...
1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
New Zealand is an independent sovereign state in the south-western Pacific Ocean. ...
Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of voting privileges to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief or social status. ...
Katherine Wilson Sheppard (10 March 1847 - 13 July 1934) was the most prominent member of New Zealands womens suffrage movement, and is the countrys most famous suffragette. ...
Timeline
Main article: Timeline of women's suffrage Womens suffrage has been granted (and been revoked) at various times in various countries throughout the world. ...
Women's suffrage has been granted (and been revoked) at various times in various countries throughout the world. In many countries women's suffrage was granted before universal suffrage, so women (and men) from certain races were still unable to vote. Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of voting privileges to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief or social status. ...
This article is about race as an intraspecies classification. ...
The first women's suffrage (with the same property qualifications as for men) was granted in New Jersey in 1776, but rescinded in 1807. The Pitcairn Islands granted women's suffrage in 1838. Various countries and states granted restricted women's suffrage in the latter half of the nineteenth century, starting with South Australia in 1861. The first unrestricted women's suffrage in terms of voting rights (women were not initially permitted to stand for election) in a major country was granted in New Zealand in 1893. State nickname: The Garden State Other U.S. States Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Governor Richard Codey Official languages None defined Area 22,608 km² (47th) - Land 19,231 km² - Water 3,378 km² (14. ...
This article is about the year 1776. ...
1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
National motto: ? Official language English (Pitcairnese also spoken) Capital Adamstown Governor Richard Fell Mayor Jay Warren (elected on December 15 2004) Area - Total - % water 47 km² Negligible Population - Total (2003) - Density 48 1/km² Dependent area of United Kingdom Currency New Zealand dollar Time zone UTC -8 National anthem None...
1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
Motto: United for the Common Wealth Other Australian states and territories Capital Adelaide Governor Marjorie Jackson-Nelson Premier Mike Rann (ALP) Area 1,043,514 km² (4th) - Land 983,482 km² - Water 60,032 km² (5. ...
1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ...
New Zealand is an independent sovereign state in the south-western Pacific Ocean. ...
1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
Countries without women's suffrage Some countries do not extend suffrage to women, or extend it differently from that extended to men (this list does not include countries where neither men nor women have suffrage): The Kingdom of Bhutan is a small, landlocked nation of South Asia, located in the Himalaya Mountains, sandwiched between India and the Peoples Republic of China. ...
The State of Kuwait is a small oil-rich monarchy on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed by Saudi Arabia in the south and Iraq in the north. ...
The Lebanese Republic or Lebanon is a country in the Middle East, along the Mediterranean Sea, bordered by Syria and Israel. ...
Compulsory voting is a practice that requires citizens to vote in elections; if a person does not attend the polling place, they can face punishments such as fines. ...
The Sultanate of Oman is a country in the southwestern part of Asia, on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. ...
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country on the Arabian Peninsula. ...
The State of the Vatican City (Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanæ), is a landlocked enclave surrounded by the city of Rome in Italy, and the smallest independent state in the world (both in area and in population). ...
The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. ...
United States
American women earned the right to vote with the passage of the 19th amendment to the U.S. Constitution In the United States it is notable that New Jersey, on becoming a member of the Federal family of States after the Revolution, placed only one restriction on the general suffrage, which was the possession of less than $250 in cash or property, the election laws referring to the voters as "he or she." In 1790 the law was revised to specifically include women, but so obnoxious did they become to the professional politicians that in 1807 the law was again revised to exclude them, obviously an unconstitutional act, since the State constitution specifically made any such change dependent on the general suffrage. Celebrate the Century stamp - 19th Amendment to the Constitution not public domain (See Public_domain_image_resources#U.S._postage_stamps) This image is a postage stamp produced by the United States Postal Service after 1978. ...
Celebrate the Century stamp - 19th Amendment to the Constitution not public domain (See Public_domain_image_resources#U.S._postage_stamps) This image is a postage stamp produced by the United States Postal Service after 1978. ...
State nickname: The Garden State Other U.S. States Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Governor Richard Codey Official languages None defined Area 22,608 km² (47th) - Land 19,231 km² - Water 3,378 km² (14. ...
Before the Revolution: The 13 colonies are in red, the pink area was claimed by Great Britain after the French and Indian War, and the orange region was claimed by Spain. ...
During the early part of the century, however, agitation for equal suffrage was carried on by only a few individuals. The first of these was Frances Wright, a Scottish woman who came to the country in 1826 and advocated woman suffrage in an extensive series of lectures. In 1836 Ernestine Rose, a Polish woman, came to the country and carried on a similar campaign, so effectively that she obtained a personal hearing before the New York Legislature, though her petition bore only five signatures. She was shortly afterward joined in her propaganda by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis. At about the same time, in 1840, Lydia Mott and Mary Fuller became active in Boston, the latter being the author of the book The Great Lawsuit; Man vs. Woman. Frances Wright (1795-1852) was a lecturer who grew up in London and toured the United States from 1818 to 1820. ...
Ernestine Louise Rose (January 13, 1810-August 4, 1892) was a Polish-born Individualist Feminist, Abolitionist, Freethinker, atheist, and spoke out freely against bigotry and prejudice. ...
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and her daughter Harriot. ...
Lucretia Mott (January 3, 1793 - November 11, 1880), was the first major American womens activist in the early 1800s and is credited as the first feminist, but more accurately, the launcher of womens political advocacy. ...
Boston is the capital of and the largest city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. ...
During the Civil War and immediately after little was heard of the movement, but in 1869 the National Woman Suffrage Association was formed, with the object of securing an amendment to the Constitution in favor of woman suffrage. Another organization, the American Woman Suffrage Association was also formed at this time by those who believed that suffrage should be brought about by constitutional amendments within the various States. In 1890 these two bodies united into one national organization, known as the National American Woman Suffrage Association. The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 until 1865 between the United States – forces coming mostly from the 23 northern states of the Union – and the newly-formed Confederate States of America, which consisted of 11 southern states that had declared their secession. ...
Page I of the Constitution of the United States of America Page II of the United States Constitution Page III of the United States Constitution Page IV of the United States Constitution The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America and is...
The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was created in 1890, when two competing American womens suffrage advocacy groups united. ...
In 1900 regular national headquarters were established in New York City, under the direction of the president, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt. Three years later headquarters were removed to Warren, Ohio, but were brought back to New York shortly afterward and opened there on a much bigger scale. The organization obtained a hearing before every Congress, from 1869 to 1919. Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ...
Carrie Lane Chapman Catt (January 9, 1859 _ March 9, 1947) was an American womens rights activist. ...
Warren is a city located in Trumbull County, Ohio. ...
Meanwhile local experiments in woman suffrage had already been made. The first Territorial legislature of Wyoming granted woman suffrage in 1869, Utah doing likewise in the following year. In 1890 Wyoming came into the Union as the first woman suffrage State. In 1893 voters of Colorado made that State the second of the woman suffrage States. In 1895 Utah adopted a constitution in which woman suffrage was provided for. One after another, western states granted the right of voting to their women citizens, the only opposition being presented by the liquor interests and the machine politicians. The procession was brought up with New York State, that old battle ground for suffrage, in 1917. State nickname: Equality State Other U.S. States Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Governor Dave Freudenthal Official languages English Area 253,554 km² (10th) - Land 251,706 km² - Water 1,851 km² (0. ...
State nickname: Beehive State Other U.S. States Capital Salt Lake City Largest city Salt Lake City Governor Jon M. Huntsman, Jr. ...
There are also three Colorado Rivers: two in the United States and one in Argentina. ...
State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th) - Land 122,409 km² - Water 18,795 km² (13. ...
Meanwhile efforts to obtain an amendment to the Constitution had not abated. Finally, on January 12, 1915, a bill to this effect was brought before the House of Representatives, but was lost by a vote of 174 against 204. Again a bill was brought before the House, on January 10, 1918. On the evening before President Wilson made a strong and widely published appeal to the House to pass the bill. It was passed with one more vote than was needed to make the necessary two-thirds majority. The fight was now carried into the Senate. Again President Wilson made an appeal, and on September 30, 1918, the question was put to the vote, but two votes were lacking to make the two-thirds majority. On February 10, 1919, it was again voted upon, and then it was lost by only one vote. January 12 is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1915 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
The House of Representatives is the larger of two houses that make up the U.S. Congress, the other being the United States Senate. ...
January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
Dr. Thomas Woodrow Wilson ( December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was the 45th state Governor of New Jersey ( 1911- 1913) and later the 28th President of the United States ( 1913- 1921). ...
The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. ...
September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 92 days remaining, as the final day of September. ...
1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
There was now considerable anxiety among politicians of both parties to have the amendment passed and made effective before the general elections of 1920, so the President called a special session of Congress, and a bill introducing the amendment was brought before the House again. On May 21, 1919, it was passed, 42 votes more than necessary being obtained. On June 4, 1919, it was brought before the Senate, and after a long discussion it was passed, with 56 ayes and 25 noes. It only remained now that the necessary number of States should ratify the action of Congress. Within a few days Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan, their legislatures being then in session, passed the ratifications. One after another the other States followed their examples, Tennessee being the last of the needed 36 States to ratify, in the summer of 1920. The 19th Amendment to the Constitution was now an accomplished fact and the Presidential election of November, 1920, was therefore the first occasion on which all American women were allowed to exercise their right of suffrage. May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ...
1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
June 4 is the 155th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (156th in leap years), with 210 days remaining. ...
1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
State nickname: The Prairie State Other U.S. States Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Governor Rod Blagojevich Official languages English Area 149,998 km² (25th) - Land 143,968 km² - Water 6,030 km² (4. ...
One of the periods of glaciation was also termed the Wisconsin glaciation. ...
State nickname: Wolverine State or Great Lakes State Other U.S. States Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Governor Jennifer Granholm Official languages English Area 250,941 km² (11th) - Land 147,255 km² - Water 103,687 km² (41. ...
State nickname: Volunteer State Other U.S. States Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Governor Phil Bredesen Official languages English Area 109,247 km² (36th) - Land 106,846 km² - Water 2,400 km² (2. ...
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Amendment XIX (the Nineteenth Amendment) to the United States Constitution was passed by a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress on June 4, 1919, and was ratified by the last state necessary on August 18, 1920. ...
This had the effect of overriding local laws which confined the right to vote to males only. However, even now some of those laws are still on the statute book: the Alabama Constitution, for instance, still mandates that only "male citizen[s] of this state" may vote, although in practice the 19th Amendment has rendered this moot. The Alabama Constitution is the basic governing document of the U.S. state of Alabama. ...
Suffragists and suffragettes Download high resolution version (450x714, 95 KB)Statue of Esther Hobart Morris in front of the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne, Wyoming (taken Oct. ...
Download high resolution version (450x714, 95 KB)Statue of Esther Hobart Morris in front of the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne, Wyoming (taken Oct. ...
Statue of Esther Hobart Morris by Avard Fairbanks in front of Capitol Building, Cheyenne, WY Esther Hobart Morris (August 8, 1814 – April 2, 1902) was a leader in the American womans suffrage movement. ...
Wyoming State Capitol, seen from front, showing statue of Esther Hobart Morris The Wyoming State Capitol is the state capitol and seat of government of the U.S. state of Wyoming. ...
Susan Brownell Anthony Susan Brownell Anthony, (February 15, 1820 – March 13, 1906) was an American civil rights leader who, along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, led the effort to grant women the right to vote in the United States. ...
Hubertine Auclert, April 10, 1848 - died August 4, 1914, was a leading French feminist and a campaigner for womens suffrage. ...
For the 1979 sitcom, see Bloomers (television). ...
Carrie Lane Chapman Catt (January 9, 1859 _ March 9, 1947) was an American womens rights activist. ...
Edith Dircksey Cowan, OBE (August 2, 1861 - June 9, 1932) was an Australian politician, social campaigner and the first woman elected as a representative in an Australian parliament. ...
Emily Wilding Davison (October 11, 1872 - June 8, 1913) is remembered as the woman who lost her own life on behalf of the British suffragette movement by throwing herself under the hooves of Anmer, King George Vs horse on June 4, 1913 at the Epsom Derby. ...
Maria Deraismes, born August 17, 1828 - February 6, 1894, was a French author and major pioneering force for womens rights. ...
Abigail Scott Duniway (October 22, 1834 _ October 11, 1915) was born Abigail Jane Scott near Groveland, Illinois, to John Tucker Scott and Anne Roelofson. ...
Marguerite Durand, born January 24, 1864 – died March 16, 1936, was a French stage actress, journalist, and a leading suffragette. ...
Max Forrester Eastman (January 4, 1883–March 25, 1969) was a leftist American writer. ...
Olympe de Gouges (May 7, 1748 - November 3, 1793) (born Marie Gouze) was a playwright and journalist whose feminist writings reached a large audience. ...
Julia Ward Howe Julia Ward Howe (May 27, 1819 - October 17, 1910) was a prominent American abolitionist, social activist, and poet. ...
Aletta Jacobs (1854-1929) was a dutch physician. ...
Ellen Karolina Maria Key (1849 - 1926) was a Swedish writer on many subjects in the fields of family life, ethics and education. ...
Nellie McClung from [http://www. ...
Lucretia Mott (January 3, 1793 - November 11, 1880), was the first major American womens activist in the early 1800s and is credited as the first feminist, but more accurately, the launcher of womens political advocacy. ...
Christabel Pankhurst Christabel Harriette Pankhurst (September 22, 1880 – February 13, 1958) was a suffragette born in Manchester, England. ...
Emmeline Pankhurst (July 14, 1857 - June 14, 1928) was one of the founders of the British suffragette movement. ...
(Estelle) Sylvia Pankhurst (May 5, 1882 - September 27, 1960) was a campaigner in the suffragette movement. ...
Alice Paul Alice Paul (January 11, 1885 – July 9, 1977) was an American suffragist leader. ...
Julia Sears (1840-1929), was a pioneering academic and suffragette. ...
Caroline Rémy de Guebhard, born April 27, 1855 – died April 24, 1929, was a French socialist, journalist, and feminist best known under the name Séverine. ...
Katherine Wilson Sheppard (10 March 1847 - 13 July 1934) was the most prominent member of New Zealands womens suffrage movement, and is the countrys most famous suffragette. ...
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and her daughter Harriot. ...
Lucy Stone (August 13, 1818 - October 18, 1893) was an American suffragette and the wife of abolitionist Henry Brown Blackwell (1825-1909) (the brother of Elizabeth Blackwell). ...
M(artha) Carey Thomas (January 2, 1857-December 2, 1935) was the president of Bryn Mawr College and an ardent suffragist. ...
Flora Tristan, born April 7, 1803 in Paris, France - died November 14, 1844 in Bordeaux, France, was one of the founders of modern feminism and Paul Gauguins grandmother. ...
Clara Zetkin, maiden name Eissner (born 5 July 1857 in Wiederau, Saxony; died 20 June 1933 in Archangelskoye near Moscow) was an influential socialist German politician and a fighter for womens rights. ...
Women's suffrage in fiction and popular culture Mrs. ...
Mary Poppins (right, behind) as portrayed in the most famous adaptation of the character. ...
Reference - "Woman suffrage" in Collier's New Encyclopedia, X (New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company, 1921), pp. 403-405.
See also Politics is the process and method of gaining or maintaining support for public or common action: the conduct of decision-making for groups. ...
Suffragette with banner, Washington DC, 1918 The title of suffragette was given to members of the womens suffrage movement in the United Kingdom and United States, particularly in the years prior to World War I. The name was the Womens Social and Political Union (founded in 1903). ...
The League of Women Voters is a United States non-partisan political organization founded in 1920 by Carrie Chapman Catt during a meeting of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. ...
The National Womans Suffrage Association was a 19th century womens suffrage organization. ...
The Seneca Falls Convention, held in Seneca Falls, New York on July 19 - July 20, 1848, was the first womens rights convention held in the United States, and as a result is often called the birthplace of the feminist movement. ...
The Declaration of Sentiments is a document signed in 1848 by sixty-eight women and thirty-two men, delegates to the first womens rights convention, in Seneca Falls, New York, now known to historians as the 1848 Womens Rights Convention. ...
The New Northwest was a weekly Portland, Oregon newspaper published from 1871 to 1887 by Abigail Scott Duniway, an active voice of reform and suffrage on the West Coast of the United States. ...
Characteristic of the Victorian era is the striking discrepancy between the nations power and richness and its appalling social conditions. ...
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