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The Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was the leading militant organisation campaigning for Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom. It was the first group whose members were known as "suffragettes". This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Suffragette with banner, Washington DC, 1918 The title of suffragette (also occasionally spelled suffraget) was given to members of the womens suffrage movement in the United Kingdom. ...
Formation
The WSPU was founded in Manchester on October 10, 1903 by six women, including Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst, who soon emerged as the group's leaders. The WSPU had split from the non-militant National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, disappointed at the lack of success its tactics of persuading politicians through meetings had found. This article is about the City of Manchester in England. ...
is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1900 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ...
Statue of Emmeline Pankhurst in Victoria Tower Gardens next to the Houses of Parliament, Westminster. ...
Christabel Pankhurst Dame Christabel Harriette Pankhurst DBE (September 22, 1880 – February 13, 1958) was a suffragette born in Manchester, England. ...
The word militant has come to refer to any individual or party engaged in aggressive physical or verbal combat, normally for a cause. ...
The National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), also known as the Suffragists (not to be confused with the suffragettes) was an organisation of womens suffrage societies in the United Kingdom. ...
The founders decided to form a women-only organisation, which would campaign for social reforms, largely in conjunction with the Independent Labour Party. They would also campaign for an extension of women's suffrage, believing that this was central to sexual equality. To illustrate their more militant stance, they adopted the slogan "Deeds, not words". The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was a former political party in the United Kingdom. ...
Feminism is a body of social theory and a political movement primarily based on, and motivated by, the experiences of women. ...
Campaigning In 1905, the group convinced the Member of Parliament Bamford Slack to introduce a women's suffrage Bill they had drawn up. The Bill was ultimately talked out, but the publicity launched the rapid growth of the group. 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ...
A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ...
A bill is a proposed new law introduced within a legislature that has not been ratified, adopted, or received assent. ...
In a legislature or other decision making body, a filibuster is an attempt to extend debate upon a proposal in order to delay or completely prevent a vote on its passage. ...
The disappointment of the failure of the Bill led the WSPU to change tactics. They focused on attacking whichever political party was in government, and refused to support any legislation which did not include their demands for enfranchisement, thus dropping their commitment to other immediate social reforms. “Political Parties†redirects here. ...
Suffrage is the civil right to vote, or the exercise of that right. ...
In 1906, the group began a series of demonstrations and lobbies of Parliament, leading to the arrest and imprisonment of growing numbers of their members. Commenting on the phenomenon, Charles Hands, writing in the Daily Mail, for the first time described the WSPU's members as suffragettes. In 1907, the group launched a monthly journal, Votes for Women, and held the first of several conferences, called "Women's Parliaments".hi mum 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
For other uses, see Demonstration. ...
The Daily Mail is a British newspaper and the oldest tabloid, first published in 1896. ...
Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
This article currently only deals with the Womens Suffrage Campaign in Great Britain, from the early 1800s to 1928. ...
Meetings are sometimes held around conference tables. ...
Split The Labour Party then voted to support universal suffrage. This split them from the WSPU, which had always accepted the property qualifications which already applied to women's participation in local elections. Under Christabel's direction, the group began to more explicitly organise exclusively among middle class women, and stated their opposition to all political parties. This led a small group of prominent members to leave and form the Women's Freedom League. The Labour Party is a political party in the United Kingdom. ...
Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief, intelligence, or economic or social status. ...
The middle class (or middle classes) comprises a social group once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry. ...
The Womens Freedom League was an organisation in the United Kingdom which campaigned for womens suffrage and sexual equality. ...
Campaigning becomes more militant Around the turn of the century, a subgroup called the Women's Tax Resistance League, using the slogan "No Vote, No Tax," began a campaign of tax resistance. The Women’s Tax Resistance League was a direct action group associated with the Womens Social and Political Union in the British women’s suffrage movement that used tax resistance to protest the disenfranchisement of women. ...
A tax resister resists or refuses payment of a tax because of opposition to the institution collecting the tax, or to some of that institution’s policies. ...
In 1908 the WSPU adopted purple, white and green as its official colours, and held a 500,000-strong rally in Hyde Park. They also opened a chain of shops to raise money. 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...
For other uses, see Demonstration. ...
“Hyde Park†redirects here. ...
In opposition to the continuing and repeated imprisonment of many of their members, they introduced the prison hunger strike to Britain, and the authorities' policy of force feeding won the suffragettes great sympathy from the public. The Government later passed the Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913, commonly referred to as the Cat and Mouse Act, which allowed the release of suffragettes when near to death due to malnourishment, but officers could re-imprison them once healthy. This was an attempt to avoid force feeding. A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance in which participants fast as an act of political protest, or to provoke feelings of guilt or to achieve a goal such as a policy change. ...
Force-feeding is the practice of feeding someone against his or her will. ...
The Cat and Mouse Act (officially, the Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913) was passed in Britain by Herbert Henry Asquiths Liberal government in 1913. ...
A poster attacking the Liberals governments role in the Cat and Mouse Act. ...
A new suffrage bill was introduced in 1910, but growing impatient, the WSPU launched a campaign of protest in 1912 on the basis of targeting property and avoiding violence against any person. Initially this involved smashing shop windows, but ultimately escalated to burning stately homes and bombing public buildings including Westminster Abbey. It also famously led to the death of Emily Davison as she was trampled by the King's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby in 1913. Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
A stately home is, strictly speaking, one of about 500 large properties built in England between the mid-16th century and the early part of the 20th century, as well as converted abbeys and other church property (after the Dissolution of the Monasteries). ...
The Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a mainly Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral (and indeed often mistaken for one), in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. ...
Emily Davison Emily Davison (1872 – June 8, 1913) was an activist for womens suffrage in the United Kingdom. ...
Epsom Derby, Théodore Géricault, 1821. ...
Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Included in the many militant acts performed were the burning of churches, restaurants and railway carriages, smashing government windows weekly, cutting telephone lines, spitting at police and politicians, partial destruction of the then Chancellor of the Exchequer David Lloyd George's home, burning grass, sending letter bombs, destroying greenhouses at Kew gardens, chaining themselves to railings and blowing up houses. A doctor was attacked with a rhino whip and in one case suffragettes rushed the House of Commons. On March 10, 1914 the militant suffragette Mary "Slasher" Richardson walked into the National Gallery and attacked Diego Velázquez's Rokeby Venus with a meat cleaver. In 1913, suffragette militancy caused £54,000 worth of damage, £36,000 of which occurred in April alone.[citation needed] David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor, OM, PC (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was a British statesman who guided Britain and the British Empire through World War I and the postwar settlement as the Liberal Party Prime Minister, 1916-1922. ...
Diego RodrÃguez de Silva y Velázquez (June 6, 1599 – August 6, 1660), commonly referred to as Diego Velázquez, was a Spanish painter, the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV. He was an individualistic artist of the contemporary baroque period, important as a portrait artist. ...
La Venus del espejo, also known as The Rokeby Venus, is a painting by Diego Velázquez in the National Gallery, London. ...
The group also suffered some splits. The editors of Votes for Women were expelled in 1912, and the group launched a new journal, The Suffragette. The East London Federation of mostly working class women and led by Sylvia Pankhurst was expelled in 1914. The Workers Socialist Federation was a socialist political party in the United Kingdom, led by Sylvia Pankhurst. ...
The term working class is used to denote a social class. ...
Sylvia Pankhurst Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst (May 5, 1882 - September 27, 1960) was a campaigner in the suffragette movement in the United Kingdom, and a prominent left communist. ...
Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
WSPU during World War I The WSPU became jingoistic on the outbreak of World War I. The WSPU worked with the government to encourage women to serve. While the majority of WSPU members supported the war, a small number formed the Suffragettes of the Women's Social Political Union (SWSPU) and the Independent Women's Social and Political Union (IWSPU). “The Great War †redirects here. ...
Christabel moved to Paris, where she was able run the organisation without fear of arrest. This also reduced the level of democracy in the group, and enabled her to declare on the outbreak of World War I that the WSPU should abandon its campaigns in favour of supporting the British government in the war. They stopped publishing The Suffragette, and in April 1915 launched a new journal, Britannia. The group faded from public attention, and was dissolved in 1917, with Christabel and Emmeline founding the Women's Party. This article is about the capital of France. ...
“The Great War †redirects here. ...
Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ...
The Womens Party was a minor political party in the United Kingdom. ...
Bibliography - Midge Mackenzie, Shoulder to Shoulder: A Documentary (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975) ISBN 0-394-73070-4
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