NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Woodlouse

Infraorder Tylomorpha
- Tylidae
Infraorder Ligiamorpha
- Superfamily Trichoniscoidea
  - Buddelundiellidae
  - Trichoniscidae
- Superfamily Styloniscoidea
  - Schoebliidae
  - Styloniscidae
  - Titaniidae
  - Tunanoniscidae
- Superfamily Oniscoidea
  - Bathytropidae
  - Berytoniscidae
  - Detonidae
  - Halophilosciidae
  - Olibrinidae
  - Oniscidae
  - Philosciidae
  - Platyarthridae
  - Pudeoniscidae
  - Rhyscotidae
  - Scyphacidae
  - Speleoniscidae
  - Sphaeroniscidae
  - Stenoniscidae
  - Tendosphaeridae
- Superfamily Armadilloidea
  - Actaeciidae
  - Armadillidae
  - Armadillidiidae
  - Atlantidiidae
  - Balloniscidae
  - Cylisticidae
  - Eubelidae
  - Periscyphicidae
  - Porcellionidae
  - Trachelipodidae
- incertae sedis (Ligiamorpha)
  - Dubioniscidae
  - Hekelidae
  - Irmaosidae
  - Pseudarmadillidae
  - Scleropactidae
  - Ligiidae
  - Mesoniscidae

Woodlice (known by many common names; see below) are terrestrial crustaceans with a rigid, segmented, calcareous exoskeleton and fourteen jointed limbs. They form the suborder Oniscidea within the order Isopoda, with over 3,000 known species. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1168x972, 401 KB) Other versions File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Woodlouse ... Porcellio scaber, otherwise known as the Common Rough Woodlouse, is a species of woodlouse that exhibits turn alternation. ... For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders,scorpions, etc. ... For the Dutch band, see Crustacean (band). ... // Subclasses Eumalacostraca Hoplocarida Phyllocarida See text for orders. ... Suborders Anthuridea Asellota Calabozoida Epicaridea Flabellifera Microcerberidea Oniscidea Phreatoicidea Valvifera Wikispecies has information related to: Isopoda Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Isopoda Isopods are one of the most diverse orders of crustaceans, however they do not have gills, but with many species living in all environments, and are common... Pierre AndrÃ© Latreille. ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... The hierarchy of scientific classification In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. ... Diversity 3 or 4 genera Genera See text Buddelundiellidae are a family of isopods (woodlice). ... Diversity c. ... Infraorders and Families Woodlice (known locally under many names; see below) are terrestrial crustaceans with a rigid, segmented, calcareous exoskeleton and fourteen jointed limbs. ... Diversity c. ... Genera Not a complete list Alloschizidium Armadillidium Ballodillium Cristarmadillidium Cyphodillidium Echinarmadillidium Eleoniscus Eluma Paraschizidium Paxodillidium Platanosphaera Schizidium Trichodillidium Troglarmadillidium Typhlarmadillidium Armadillidiidae is a terrestrial family of the order Isopoda. ... Genera Caeroplastes Congocellio Dorypoditius Inchanga Leptotrichus Lucasius Mahehia Mexicostylus Mica Pondo Porcellio Porcellionides Proporcellio Soteriscus Thermocellio Tropicocellio Tura Uramba Porcellionidae is a terrestrial family of the order Isopoda. ... Incertae sedis—of uncertain position (seat)—is a term used to define a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. ... In science, a common name is any name by which a species or other concept is known that is not the official scientific name. ... For the Dutch band, see Crustacean (band). ... An exoskeleton is an external anatomical feature that supports and protects an animals body, in contrast to the internal endoskeleton of, for example, a human. ... Suborders Anthuridea Asellota Calabozoida Epicaridea Flabellifera Microcerberidea Oniscidea Phreatoicidea Valvifera Wikispecies has information related to: Isopoda Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Isopoda Isopods are one of the most diverse orders of crustaceans, however they do not have gills, but with many species living in all environments, and are common...

1 Ecology
2 Aquatic isopods
3 Common names
4 United Kingdom
5 Pill millipedes
6 Fiction
7 Gallery
8 See also
9 External links
10 References
11 Further reading

Ecology

Woodlice need moisture because they breathe through gills, called pseudotrachea, and so are usually found in damp, dark places, such as under rocks and logs. They are usually nocturnal and are detritivores, feeding mostly on dead plant matter. Woodlice then recycle the nutrients back into the soil. In artificial environments such as greenhouses where it can be very moist, woodlice may become abundant and damage young plants. For other uses, see Gill (disambiguation). ... A nocturnal animal is one that sleeps during the day and is active at night - the opposite of the human (diurnal) schedule. ... A dung beetle rolling a ball of dung Detritivores (also known as saprophages, detrivores or detritus feeders) are organisms that recycle detritus (decomposing organic material), returning it into the food chain. ...

They have a shell-like exoskeleton. As the woodlouse grows, it must progressively shed this shell. The moult takes place in two stages; the back half is lost first, followed two or three days later by the front. Woodlice are the only arthropods to moult in this way, with all others shedding their cuticle in a single process. Various seashells Danielle A shell is the hard, rigid outer covering, or integument, allanimals. ... An exoskeleton is an external anatomical feature that supports and protects an animals body, in contrast to the internal endoskeleton of, for example, a human. ... Ecdysis is the molting of the cuticula in arthropods and related groups (Ecdysozoa). ...

A female woodlouse will keep fertilised eggs in a patch on the underside of her body until they hatch into small, pink offspring. The mother then appears to "give birth" to her offspring. This article is about fertilisation in animals and plants. ... In most birds and reptiles, an egg (Latin ovum) is the zygote, resulting from fertilization of the ovum. ...

Some species of woodlice are able to roll into a ball-like form when threatened by predators, leaving only their armoured back exposed. This ability, or dominant behavior, explains many of the woodlouse's common names.

Metabolic rate is temperature dependent in woodlice. In contrast to mammals and birds, invertebrates are not "self heating": the external environmental temperature relates directly to their rate of respiration. Santorio Santorio (1561-1636) in his steelyard balance, from Ars de statica medecina, first published 1614 Metabolism (from μεταβολισμος(metavallo), the Greek word for change), in the most general sense, is the ingestion and breakdown of complex compounds, coupled...

They are not generally regarded as a serious household pest as they do not spread disease and do not damage wood or structures, however their presence can indicate dampness problems.

Aquatic isopods

Although woodlice are terrestrial crustaceans, several forms have returned to water. Although most of these are amphibious, some have become truly aquatic.

Examples include some Haloniscus species from Australia (family Scyphacidae), and in the northern hemisphere several species of Trichoniscidae and Thailandoniscus annae (family Styloniscidae). Species for which aquatic life is assumed include Typhlotricholigoides aquaticus (Mexico) and Cantabroniscus primitivus (Spain) ^[1]. Diversity c. ...

Common names

Common names for woodlice vary throughout the English-speaking world. They include: "armadillo bug" ^[2], "cheeselog" (Reading, Berkshire) ^[3], "doodlebug" (also used for the larva of an antlion) ^[4], "pill bug" (usually applied only to the genus Armadillidium) ^[2], "roly-poly" ^[5], "potato bug"^[5], "roll up bug" ^[6], "slater" ^[7] and "sow bug" ^[4]^[5]. In science, a common name is any name by which a species or other concept is known that is not the official scientific name. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... , Reading is a town, unitary authority (the Borough of Reading) and urban area in the English county of Berkshire. ... Antlions are a family of insects in the order Neuroptera, classified as Myrmeleontidae (sometimes spelled as Myrmeleonidae), from the Greek myrmex, meaning ant, and leo(n), meaning lion; the most known genus is Myrmeleo. ... Diversity about 200 species Armadillidium is a genus of the small terrestrial crustacean known as the woodlouse. ...

United Kingdom

There are 37 native or naturalised species in the United Kingdom, ranging in colour and in size (3–30 mm) of which only five are common: Oniscus asellus (the common shiny woodlouse), Porcellio scaber (the common rough woodlouse), Philoscia muscorum (the common striped woodlouse), Trichoniscus pusillus (the common pygmy woodlouse) and Armadillidium vulgare (the common pill bug). A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... Binomial name Oniscus asellus Linnaeus, 1758 Oniscus asellus, the common woodlouse, is one of the largest and commonest species of woodlouse in the British Isles and Western Europe, growing to lengths of 16 mm and and widths of 6 mm. ... Porcellio scaber, otherwise known as the Common Rough Woodlouse, is a species of woodlouse that exhibits turn alternation. ... Diversity about 200 species Armadillidium is a genus of the small terrestrial crustacean known as the woodlouse. ...

Pill millipedes

A comparison of the pill millipede Glomeris marginata and isopod Armadillidium

Pill millipedes are often confused with pillbugs (woodlice of the family Armadillidiidae). This is an example of parallel evolution, and pill millipedes can be distinguished from woodlice in several ways, especially that they have two pairs of legs per body segment, instead of one pair like isopods. They also have thirteen body segments rather than eleven, and they are smoother, more like those of normal millipedes in color and style. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 608 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (832 Ã— 820 pixel, file size: 71 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Created by me, using Image:Glomeris marginata 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 608 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (832 Ã— 820 pixel, file size: 71 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Created by me, using Image:Glomeris marginata 1. ... Binomial name (Villers, 1789) Synonyms Oniscus marginata Villers, 1789 [1] Glomeris marginata is a common European species of pill millipede. ... Diversity about 200 species Armadillidium is a genus of the small terrestrial crustacean known as the woodlouse. ... Subclasses, orders and families See text. ... Genera Not a complete list Alloschizidium Armadillidium Ballodillium Cristarmadillidium Cyphodillidium Echinarmadillidium Eleoniscus Eluma Paraschizidium Paxodillidium Platanosphaera Schizidium Trichodillidium Troglarmadillidium Typhlarmadillidium Armadillidiidae is a terrestrial family of the order Isopoda. ... Bee hovering in flight In evolutionary biology, parallel evolution refers to the independent evolution of similar traits in closely related lineages of species, while convergent evolution refers to the appearance of striking similarities among lineages of organisms only very distantly related. ...

Fiction

In To Kill a Mockingbird, the main character Scout pokes a "roly-poly".
In the Pixar film A Bug's Life two supporting characters are acrobatic woodlice, "Tuck" and "Roll", who have their own ride at Disney's California Adventure Park.
The giant creatures called Ohmu in Hayao Miyazaki's Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind also resemble woodlice.
In the webcomic Wigu, giant woodlice ("slagathors") are infrequently featured. They are forced to run organised races on alien planets.
The Gustav, a mecha from the Zoids franchise, is similar in design to a woodlouse.
In Harry Potter and Order of the Phoenix, woodlice are fed to bowtruckles.
Dink Smallwood includes the woodlouse as an enemy.
In a Rugrats episode, Chuckie Finster kept one as a pet, but it died a few days after. Its name was Melville.
In Salad Fingers (an underground cartoon by David Firth) there was a woodlouse which was tragically flattened when Salad Fingers tried to pet her.
Woodlice are part of the story in the movie Tierra by Julio Medem.
In the film La métamorphose des cloportes, woodlice (cloportes) are a part of the title, and shots of woodlice appear during the opening credits.
In Lexx, the Gigashadow resembles a gigantic, planet-sized woodlouse. The Lexx logo resembles a rolled-up woodlouse as well.
In Rescue Rangers, Professor Nimnal uses his Giganto Gun to turn pillbugs in to fake aliens for extorting gold as spaceship fuel.

To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1962 Academy Award winning film directed by Robert Mulligan and based on the novel of the same name by Harper Lee. ... Pixars studio lot in Emeryville Pixar Animation Studios is an American computer animation studio based in Emeryville, California (USA) notable for its seven Academy Awards. ... A Bugs Life is a computer animated film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Buena Vista Distribution in the United States on November 25, 1998, in Australia on January 12, 1999 and in the United Kingdom on 5 February 1999. ... High wire act Acrobatics (from Greek Akros, high and bat, walking) is one of the performing arts, and is also practiced as a sport. ... Disneys California Adventure Park is a Disney theme park in Anaheim, California, adjacent to Disneyland Park and part of the larger Disneyland Resort. ... A baby Ohmu caressing NausicaÃ¤ An Ohmu ) is a fictional terrestrial crustacean from the film and manga NausicaÃ¤ of the Valley of the Wind, by Hayao Miyazaki. ... Hayao Miyazaki ) (born January 5, 1941 in Tokyo, Japan) is the prominent director of many popular animated feature films. ... NausicaÃ¤ of the Valley of the Wind ) is a 1984 film by Japanese writer, illustrator, and filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki, based on his manga of the same name. ... Webcomics, also known as online comics and internet comics, are comics that are available to read on the Internet. ... Wigu is a webcomic (and later a print comic) created by Jeff Rowland. ... The Gustav is a type of Zoid, a race of mechanical lifeforms from the fictional Zoids universe. ... For the microscopic lifeform, see Zooid. ... Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) or Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game) Out of the Park Baseball Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is the fifth novel in a series of seven books by J.K. Rowlings popular Harry... A screenshot from Dink Smallwood Dink Smallwood is a humorous computer role-playing game. ... A rugrat may also be a pejorative term for a toddler. ... Charles Chuckie Crandall Finster II is Tommy Pickles best friend from the Nickelodeon animated television series Rugrats and All Grown Up!. The character is voiced by Christine Cavanaugh and Candi Milo Chuckie is the oldest out of the six main Rugrats at two. ... Salad Fingers is a Flash cartoon series (created by David Firth) which gained rapid internet popularity in 2005. ... David Firth, 2001 David Firth (born January 23, 1983 in Doncaster, England) is an animator of Flash animations and various short videos. ... Categories: Movie stubs | 1996 films | Spanish films ... Julio Medem (born 21 October 1958) is a Spanish writer and film director. ... Lexx is a science fantasy TV series that follows the adventures of a group of mismatched individuals aboard the Lexx, the most powerful destructive force in the two universes from which the show takes its name. ... The Gigashadow. ... Chip n Dale Rescue Rangers is an animated series made by The Walt Disney Company. ...

Gallery

Porcellio scaber (left) and Oniscus asellus (center) Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 Ã— 960 pixel, file size: 155 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Porcellio scaber, otherwise known as the Common Rough Woodlouse, is a species of woodlouse that exhibits turn alternation. ... Binomial name Oniscus asellus Linnaeus, 1758 Oniscus asellus, the common woodlouse, is one of the largest and commonest species of woodlouse in the British Isles and Western Europe, growing to lengths of 16 mm and and widths of 6 mm. ...

Armadillidium vulgare Woodlouse: Armadillidium Vulgare Source: Danish Wikipedia DA:Billede:Kugle baenkebider. ... Diversity about 200 species Armadillidium is a genus of the small terrestrial crustacean known as the woodlouse. ...

Armadillidium vulgare rolled up Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 792 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1650 Ã— 1250 pixel, file size: 260 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) A wood louse Armadillidium vulgare is a terrestrial crustacean with a rigid, segmented, calcareous exoskeleton and fourteen jointed limbs. ... Diversity about 200 species Armadillidium is a genus of the small terrestrial crustacean known as the woodlouse. ...

Philoscia muscorum Woodlouse: Philoscia Muscorum Source: Danish Wikipedia da:Billede:Spaettet baenkebider. ...

External links

References

^ Ivo Karaman (2003). Macedonethes stankoi n. sp., a rhithral oniscidean isopod (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Trichoniscidae) from Macedonia. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 3 (8): 1-15.
^ ^a ^b Bill Amos (2002-08-10). Little armored tanks. Caledonian-Record.
^ Paul Kerswill. The sound of Reddin. BBC. Retrieved on 2006-09-17.
^ ^a ^b "Sow bug". Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.0.1) (2006). Retrieved on 2006-09-17.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bert Vaux & Scott A. Golder. Dialect Survey. Harvard University. Retrieved on 2006-09-30.
^ Gail Smith-Arrants (2004-03-20). You say potato bug, I say roly-poly, you say… (PDF). Charlotte Observer.
^ Maria Minor & A. W. Robertson (2006). Guide to New Zealand soil invertebrates: Isopoda. Massey University. Retrieved on 2007-05-13.

Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Caledonian-Record is a daily newspaper published in St. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Harvard redirects here. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... â€œPDFâ€ redirects here. ... The Charlotte Observer, serving Charlotte, North Carolina, is the oldest daily newspaper in the United States (other newspapers, such as The New York Times began circulation before The Observer but were not daily). ... Massey University (MÄori: ) is New Zealands largest university with approximately 40,000 students. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

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