NationMaster - Encyclopedia: World's Columbian Exposition

The World's Columbian Exposition (also called The Chicago World's Fair), a World's Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' discovery of the New World. Chicago bested New York City, Washington, D.C. and St. Louis, Missouri, for the honor of hosting the fair. The fair had a profound effect on architecture, the arts, Chicago's self image and American industrial optimism. The Chicago Columbian Exposition was, in large part, designed by Daniel Burnham. In essence, it was the prototype of what Burnham and his colleagues thought a city should be. It was designed to follow Beaux arts principles of design, namely, European Classical Architecture principles based on symmetry and balance. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 338 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1580 Ã— 2800 pixel, file size: 404 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 338 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1580 Ã— 2800 pixel, file size: 404 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Daniel Chester French Signature, Daniel Chester French (April 20, 1850 â€“ October 7, 1931) was an American sculptor. ... Worlds Fair is any of various large expositions held since the mid-19th century. ... Nickname: Motto: â€œUrbs in Hortoâ€ (Latin: â€œCity in a Gardenâ€), â€œI Willâ€ Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country United States State Illinois Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area - City 234. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Christopher Columbus (1451 â€“ May 20, 1506) was a navigator and maritime explorer credited as the discoverer of the Americas. ... Frontispiece of Peter Martyr dAnghieras De orbe novo (On the New World). Carte dAmÃ©rique, Guillaume Delisle, 1722. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D) - D.C. Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Daniel H. Burnham. ... ...

The Exposition covered more than 600 acres, featuring nearly 200 new buildings of European architecture, canals and lagoons, and people and cultures from around the world. Over 27 million people (about half the U.S. population) attended the Exposition over the six months it was open. Its scale and grandeur far exceeded the other world fairs of the time, and became a symbol of then-emerging American Exceptionalism, much in the same way that the The Great Exhibition became a symbol of the Victorian era United Kingdom. An acre is the name of a unit of area in a number of different systems, including Imperial units and United States customary units. ... The Canal du Midi, Toulouse, France Canals are man-made channels for water. ... This mid bay barrier in Narrabeen, a suburb of Sydney (Australia), has blocked what used to be a bay to form a lagoon. ... This is a list of worlds fairs (with notable permanent buildings built). ... Progress of America, 1875, by Domenico Tojetti American exceptionalism (cf. ... The Great Exhibition in Hyde Park 1851. ... Queen Victoria (shown here on the morning of her accession to the Throne, 20 June 1837) gave her name to the historic era The Victorian era of the United Kingdom marked the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ...

Opening ceremony

Dedication ceremonies for the fair were held on October 21, 1892 but the fairgrounds were not actually opened to the public until May 1, 1893. The fair continued until October 30, 1893. In addition to recognizing the 400th anniversary of the discovery of the New World, the fair also served to show the world that Chicago had risen from the ashes of the Great Chicago Fire, which had destroyed much of the city in 1871. is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Artists rendering of the fire, by John R Chapin, originally printed in Harpers Weekly The Great Chicago Fire was a conflagration that burned from Sunday October 8 to early Tuesday October 10, 1871, killing hundreds and destroying about four square miles in Chicago, Illinois. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Description

The exposition was located in Jackson Park and on the Midway Plaisance on 630 acres (2.5 km²) in the neighborhoods of South Shore, Jackson Park Highlands, Hyde Park and Woodlawn. George R. Davis was the Director of the Fair. The layout of the fairgrounds was created by Frederick Law Olmsted, and the Beaux-Arts architecture of the buildings was under the direction of Daniel Burnham, director of Works for the fair. Reknown local architect Henry Ives Cobb designed several buildings for the expostition. The Director of the American Academy in Rome, Francis David Millet, directed the painted mural decorations. Indeed, it was a coming-of-age for the arts and architecture of the "American Renaissance". File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Jackson Park or Jackson Park Highlands is a 500 acre (2 kmÂ²) park on Chicagos South Side located in the South Shore community area, bordering Lake Michigan and the neighborhoods of Hyde Park and Woodlawn. ... Midway Plaisance is a linear park located near Lake Michigan in Chicago, Illinois approximately 5 miles from the downtown Loop area. ... Hyde Park, located on the south side of Chicago, Illinois and seven miles south of the Chicago Loop, is one of 77 officially designated Chicago community areas. ... Woodlawn is a neighborhood on the south side of Chicago, USA bounded by Jackson Park to the east, the University of Chicago (and Hyde Park generally) to the north, Martin Luther King Drive to the west, and, mostly, 67th to the south. ... George Royal Davis (January 3, 1840 - November 25, 1899) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. ... Frederick Law Olmsted (April 26, 1822 â€“ August 28, 1903) was a United States landscape architect, famous for designing many well-known urban parks, including Central Park and Prospect Park in New York City. ... Beaux-Arts architecture[1] denotes the academic classical architectural style that was taught at the Ã‰cole des Beaux Arts in Paris. ... Daniel H. Burnham. ... Henry Ives Cobb 1859-1931, was a Chicago-based architect in the last decades of the 19th century, known for his designs in the Romanesque and Victorian Gothic styles. ... Francis Davis Millet (name sometimes given as Francis David Millet; November 3, 1846 - April 15, 1912) was an American painter and writer and one of those who died in the sinking of the RMS Titanic. ... American Renaissance painted decor: gilded stencilling on an olive green ground in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy in the Executive Office Building, 1879 (now the Vice Presidents Ceremonial Office) In the history of American architecture and the arts, the American Renaissance was the period ca 1876...

Most of the buildings were based on classical architecture, and the area taken up by the fair around the Court of Honor was known as "The White City". It became known as the White City for two reasons. For one, because the buildings were made of a white stucco, which, in comparison to the tenements of Chicago (and the rest of the United States for that matter) at that time, seemed illuminated. It was also called the White City because this was the first time street lights were ever used, making the boulevards and buildings walkable at night. It included such buildings as: Nickname: Motto: â€œUrbs in Hortoâ€ (Latin: â€œCity in a Gardenâ€), â€œI Willâ€ Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country United States State Illinois Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area - City 234. ...

Louis Sullivan's polychrome proto-Modern Transportation Building was an outstanding exception, as Sullivan was of the opinion that the classical style of the "White City" had set back modern American architecture by forty years. Facade of Yale Universitys Scroll and Key Society, displaying Moorish gate and patterned forecourt. ... Charles Follen McKim (August 24, 1847—September 14, 1909) was one of the most prominent American Beaux-Arts architects of the late nineteenth century, as a member of the partnership McKim, Mead, and White ( for list of works). ... George Browne Post (1837 - 1913) was a U.S. architect. ... Solon Spencer Beman (1853-1914) was born in Brooklyn, New York. ... Robert Swain Peabody Born 1845 in New Bedford, Massachusetts, Died September 23, 1917 in Marblehead, Massachusetts. ... Louis Henri Sullivan (September 3, 1856 â€“ April 14, 1924) was an American architect, called the father of modernism. He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, and was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright. ...

As detailed in Erik Larson's book The Devil in the White City, it required an extraordinary effort to accomplish the exposition, and indeed much of it was unfinished when its opening day arrived. The famous Ferris Wheel, which proved to be a major attendance draw and helped save the fair from bankruptcy, was not finished until June, because of waffling by the fair's board of directors the previous year, on whether to build the structure or not. Frequent debates and disagreements among the fair's developers added many delays. The spurning of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show proved a serious financial mistake, as Buffalo Bill set up his highly popular show next door to the fair, and brought in a great deal of revenue that he was not obligated to share with the fair's developers. Ultimately, though, construction and operation of the fair proved to be a windfall for Chicago workers, during a serious economic recession that was sweeping the country at the time. Erik Larson (born January 1, 1954) is an American author. ... The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic and Madness at the Fair that Changed America is a 2003 book by Erik Larson. ... A Ferris wheel on the boardwalk in Ocean City, New Jersey, USA. A Ferris wheel (or, more commonly in the UK, big wheel) is a nonbuilding structure consisting of an upright wheel with passenger gondolas suspended from the rim. ... Buffalo Bill Cody William Frederick Buffalo Bill Cody (February 26, 1846 â€“ January 10, 1917) was an American soldier, bison hunter and showman. ...

Early in July, a Wellesley College English teacher named Katharine Lee Bates was a visitor at the fair, and was rather more impressed by it than was Sullivan. In her poem (later a song) America the Beautiful, the phrase, Thine alabaster cities gleam, was inspired by the "White City".^[1] Wellesley College is a womens liberal arts college that opened in 1875, founded by Henry Fowle Durant and his wife Pauline Fowle Durant. ... Katharine Lee Bates, (August 12, 1859 â€“ March 28, 1929), is remembered as the author of the words to the anthem America the Beautiful. Bates was born in Falmouth, Massachusetts. ... America the Beautiful is an American patriotic song which rivals The Star-Spangled Banner, the national anthem of the United States, in popularity. ...

Some famous visitors to the fair included Thomas Edison, Susan B. Anthony, Jane Addams, Scott Joplin, Annie Oakley, Eadweard Muybridge, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Frederick Douglass, Henry Blake Fuller, J.P. Morgan, Henry Adams, Andrew Carnegie, W.D. Howells, Hamlin Garland, Swami Vivekananda, Helen Keller, Octave Chanute, John J. Montgomery, Nikola Tesla, and President Grover Cleveland. Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 â€“ October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph and a long lasting light bulb. ... Susan Brownell Anthony (February 15, 1820 â€“ March 13, 1906) was a prominent, independent and well-educated American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century womens rights movement to secure womens suffrage in the United States. ... Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 â€“ May 21, 1935) won the Nobel Peace Prize and was a founder of the U.S. Settlement House Movement. ... Scott Joplin (born between June 1867 â€“ January 1868[1]; died April 1, 1917) was an American musician and composer of ragtime music. ... Annie Oakley (August 13, 1860 â€“ November 3, 1926) b. ... Eadweard Muybridge Muybridges The Horse in Motion. ... Paul Laurence Dunbar Paul Laurence Dunbar (June 27, 1872 â€“ February 9, 1906) was a seminal American poet of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... Frederick Douglass, ca. ... Henry Blake Fuller (1857- ) was an American novelist and story-writer, born in Chicago. ... John Pierpont Morgan (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913), American financier and banker, was born in Hartford, Connecticut, a son of Junius Spencer Morgan (1813–1890), who was a partner of George Peabody and the founder of the house of J. S. Morgan & Co. ... Henry Adams Henry Brooks Adams (February 16, 1838 â€“ March 27, 1918) was an American historian, journalist and novelist. ... Andrew Carnegie (November 25, 1835 â€“ August 11, 1919) was a Scottish industrialist, businessman, a major philanthropist, and the founder of Pittsburghs Carnegie Steel Company which later became U.S. Steel. ... William Dean Howells (March 1, 1837 â€“ May 11, 1920) was an American realist author. ... Hamlin Hannibal Garland (September 14, 1860 â€“ March 4, 1940) was an American novelist, poet, essayist, and short story writer. ... Swami Vivekananda (Bengali: Shami Bibekanondo) (January 12, 1863 - July 4, 1902), whose pre-monastic name was Narendranath Dutta ( NÃ´rendrÃ´nath DÃ´t-tÃ´), was one of the most famous and influential spiritual leaders of the philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga and a major figure in the history of Hinduism... Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 â€“ June 1, 1968) was a deafblind American author, activist and lecturer. ... Octave Chanute Octave Chanute (18 February 1832 - November 23, 1910) was an American railroad engineer and aviation pioneer. ... John Joseph Montgomery (c. ... Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)[1] was a world-renowned Serbian inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer and electrical engineer. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 â€“ June 24, 1908) was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms (1885â€“1889 and 1893â€“1897). ...

Of the more than 200 buildings erected for the fair, the only two which still stand in place are the Palace of Fine Arts and the World's Congress Auxiliary Building. From the time the fair closed until 1920, the Palace of Fine Arts housed the Field Columbian Museum (now the relocated Field Museum of Natural History). In 1931 the building re-opened as the Museum of Science and Industry. The cost of construction of the World's Congress Auxiliary Building was shared with the Art Institute of Chicago, which moved into the building (the museum's current home) after the close of the fair. 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago The Field Museum of Natural History, in Chicago, Illinois, USA, sits on Lake Shore Drive next to Lake Michigan, part of a scenic complex known as Museum Campus Chicago. ... A view from the lagoon behind the Museum of Science and Industry, the only in-place surviving building from the 1893 World Columbian Exposition and a National Historic Landmark. ... The Art Institute of Chicago is a fine art museum located in Chicago, Illinois. ...

There are two other significant buildings that survived the fair. The Norway pavilion, a building now preserved at a museum called "Little Norway" in Blue Mounds, Wisconsin. The Maine State Building, designed by Charles Sumner Frost, was purchased by the Ricker family of Poland Spring, Maine and brought the building to its resort to serve as a library and art gallery. The Poland Spring Preservation Society now owns the building which was listed on the National Registry of Historic Places in 1974. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1802x1388, 1996 KB) photo scnned from Photographs of the Worlds Fair: an elaborate collection of photographs of the buildings, grounds and exhibits of the Worlds Columbian Exposition with a special description of The Famous Midway Plaisance, the Werner Company... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1802x1388, 1996 KB) photo scnned from Photographs of the Worlds Fair: an elaborate collection of photographs of the buildings, grounds and exhibits of the Worlds Columbian Exposition with a special description of The Famous Midway Plaisance, the Werner Company... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1944x1212, 628 KB) Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© | ÄŒesky | Deutsch | English | Î•Î»Î»Î·Î½Î¹ÎºÎ¬ | EspaÃ±ol | ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ | FranÃ§ais | ×¢×‘×¨×™×ª | Indonesian | Italiano | æ—¥æœ¬èªž | í•œêµì–´ | Magyar | Nederlands | Polski | PortuguÃªs | RomÃ¢nÇŽ | Ð ÑƒÑÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ | SlovenÅ¡Äina | Ð¡Ñ€Ð¿ÑÐºÐ¸ | Sunda | ç®€ä½“ä¸æ–‡ | æ£é«”ä¸æ–‡ | TÃ¼rkÃ§e | Ð ÑƒÑÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ | Ð£ÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ—Ð½ÑÑŒÐºÐ° +/- File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1944x1212, 628 KB) Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© | ÄŒesky | Deutsch | English | Î•Î»Î»Î·Î½Î¹ÎºÎ¬ | EspaÃ±ol | ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ | FranÃ§ais | ×¢×‘×¨×™×ª | Indonesian | Italiano | æ—¥æœ¬èªž | í•œêµì–´ | Magyar | Nederlands | Polski | PortuguÃªs | RomÃ¢nÇŽ | Ð ÑƒÑÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ | SlovenÅ¡Äina | Ð¡Ñ€Ð¿ÑÐºÐ¸ | Sunda | ç®€ä½“ä¸æ–‡ | æ£é«”ä¸æ–‡ | TÃ¼rkÃ§e | Ð ÑƒÑÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ | Ð£ÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ—Ð½ÑÑŒÐºÐ° +/- File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other... Little Norway is a tourist attraction and living museum of a Norwegian village located in Blue Mounds, Wisconsin. ... Blue Mounds is a village in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. ...

The full scale replica of Columbus' flagship the Santa María rotted in the Jackson Park lagoon, and is now an island. A functional sailing replica of the Santa Maria found in Funchal, Madeira Islands, Portugal. ...

The main altar, as well as its matching two side altars at St. John Cantius in Chicago are reputed to be from the Columbian Exposition Saint John Cantius in Chicago, (Polish: ), is a historic church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago located in, Chicago, Illinois. ...

The other buildings at the fair were all intended to be temporary. Their facades were made not of stone, but of a mixture of plaster, cement and jute fiber called "staff", which was painted white, giving the buildings their "gleam". Architecture critics derided the structures as "decorated sheds". The "White City", however, so impressed everyone who saw it (at least before air pollution began to darken the façades) that plans were considered to refinish the exteriors in marble or some other material. These plans had to be abandoned in July 1894 when much of the fair grounds was destroyed in a fire. (The fire occurred at the height of the Pullman Strike; since the strikers set other fires that very week, it is possible the fire was set by disgruntled Pullman employees.) Pullman Strike began on May 11, 1894. ...

Jackson Park was eventually returned to its status as a public park, albeit in much better shape than its original swampy texture, and the lagoon was reshaped to give it a more natural appearance, except for the straight-line northern end where it still laps up against the steps on the south side of the Palace of Fine Arts/Museum of Science & Industry building. The Midway Plaisance, a park-like boulevard which extends west from Jackson Park, once formed the southern boundary of the University of Chicago, which was being built as the fair was closing. (The University has since developed south of the Midway.) The university's football team, the Maroons, were the original "Monsters of the Midway". The Exposition is mentioned in the university's alma mater: "The City White hath fled the earth,/But where the azure waters lie,/A nobler city hath its birth,/The City Gray that ne'er shall die." Jackson Park or Jackson Park Highlands is a 500 acre (2 kmÂ²) park on Chicagos South Side located in the South Shore community area, bordering Lake Michigan and the neighborhoods of Hyde Park and Woodlawn. ... The University of Chicago is a private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. ... The Monsters of the Midway is most widely known as the nickname for the National Football Leagues Chicago Bears -- particularly the dominant teams of 1940 and 1941. ... Alma mater is Latin for nourishing mother. It was used in ancient Rome as a title for the mother goddess, and in Medieval Christianity for the Virgin Mary. ...

The north side of the Museum of Science and Industry was fronted by a paved parking lot for many years. In the 1990s, an ambitious project was undertaken to build an underground garage surfaced by natural grass, thus extending the park completely around the building. For the band, see 1990s (band). ...

McKim, Mead and White designed the Agriculture building. Sophia Hayden designed the Women's Building. McKim, Mead, and White was the premier architectural firm in the eastern United States at the turn of the twentieth century. ... Sophia Hayden Bennett (October 17, 1868â€“Febrary 3, 1953) was and the first woman to receive an architecture degree. ...

Electricity at the fair

The International Exposition was held in a building which for the first time was devoted to electrical exhibits. It was a historical moment and the beginning of a revolution, as Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse introduced the public to electrical power by providing alternating current to illuminate the Exposition. The general public observed firsthand the qualities and abilities of alternating current power. All the exhibits were from commercial enterprises. Thomas Edison, Brush, Western Electric, and Westinghouse had exhibits. 1893 Chicago Worlds Fair from stereopticon card photo This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... 1893 Chicago Worlds Fair from stereopticon card photo This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Stereoscopy, stereoscopic imaging or 3-D (three-dimensional) imaging is a technique to create the illusion of depth in a photograph, movie, or other two-dimensional image, by presenting a slightly different image to each eye. ... Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)[1] was a world-renowned Serbian inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer and electrical engineer. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Lightning strikes during a night-time thunderstorm. ... City lights viewed in a motion blurred exposure. ... Company Masthead Logo Logo until circa 1969, also current logo on company web site Logo 1969-1983 Western Electric (sometimes abbreviated WE and WECo) was an American electrical engineering company, the manufacturing arm of AT&T from 1881 to 1995. ... Westinghouse logo (designed by Paul Rand) The Westinghouse Electric Company, headquartered in Monroeville, Pennsylvania, is an organization founded by George Westinghouse in 1886. ...

General Electric Company (backed by Edison and J.P. Morgan) had proposed to power the electric exhibits with direct current at the cost of one million dollars. However, Westinghouse, armed with Tesla's alternating current system, proposed to illuminate the Columbian Exposition in Chicago for half that price, and Westinghouse won the bid. This article is about the American company. ... Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 â€“ October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph and a long lasting light bulb. ... John Pierpont Morgan (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913), American financier and banker, was born in Hartford, Connecticut, a son of Junius Spencer Morgan (1813–1890), who was a partner of George Peabody and the founder of the house of J. S. Morgan & Co. ... Direct current (DC or continuous current) is the continuous flow of electricity through a conductor such as a wire from high to low potential. ...

Tesla's high-frequency high-voltage lighting produced more efficient light with quantitatively less heat. A two-phase induction motor was driven by current from the main generators to power the system. Edison tried to prevent the use of his light bulbs in Tesla's works. Westinghouse's proposal was chosen over the less efficient (but safer) direct-current system to power the fair. General Electric banned the use of Edison's lamps in Westinghouse's plan, in retaliation for losing the bid. Westinghouse's company quickly designed a double-stopper lightbulb (sidestepping Edison's patents) and was able to light the fair. FreQuency is a music video game developed by Harmonix and published by SCEI. It was released in November 2001. ... International safety symbol Caution, risk of electric shock (ISO 3864), colloquially known as high voltage symbol. ... Rotating magnetic field as a sum of magnetic vectors from 3 phase coils An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. ... â€œDynamoâ€ redirects here. ...

The Westinghouse Company displayed several polyphase systems. The exhibits included a switchboard, polyphase generators, step-up transformers, transmission line, step-down transformers, commercial size induction motors and synchronous motors, and rotary direct current converters (including an operational railway motor). The working scaled system allowed the public a view of a system of polyphase power which could be transmitted over long distances, and be utilized, including the supply of direct current. Meters and other auxiliary devices were also present. A polyphase system is a means of distributing alternating current electrical power. ... Figure 1:Three-phase pole-mounted step-down transformer. ...

Tesla displayed his phosphorescent lighting, powered without wires by high-frequency fields. Tesla displayed the first practical phosphorescent lamps (a precursor to fluorescent lamps). Tesla's lighting inventions exposed to high-frequency currents would bring the gases to incandescence. Tesla also displayed the first neon lights. His innovations in this type of light emission were not regularly patented. Fluorescent lamps in Shinbashi, Tokyo, Japan Assorted types of fluorescent lamps. ... A neon lamp is a gas discharge lamp containing neon gas at low pressure. ... This page is a list of sources of light. ...

Also among the exhibits was Tesla's demonstration, most notably the "Egg of Columbus". This device explains the principles of the rotating magnetic field and his induction motor. The Egg of Columbus consisted of a polyphase field coil underneath a plate with a copper egg positioned over the top. When the sequence of coils were energized, the magnetic field arrangement inductively created a rotation on the egg and made it stand up on end (appearing to resist gravity). On August 25, Elisha Gray introduced Tesla for a delivery of a lecture on mechanical and electrical oscillators. Tesla explained his work for efficiently increasing the work at high frequency of reciprocation. As Electrical Congress members listened, Tesla delineated mechanisms which could produce oscillations of constant periods irrespective of the pressure applied and irrespective of frictional losses and loads. He continued to explain the working mean of the production of constant period electric currents (not resorting to spark gaps or breaks), and how to produce these with mechanisms which are reliable. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 357 pixelsFull resolution (813 Ã— 363 pixel, file size: 287 KB, MIME type: image/png) Originally uploaded at: http://peswiki. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 432 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (440 Ã— 610 pixel, file size: 105 KB, MIME type: image/png) Origianlly uploaded at: http://peswiki. ... The Egg of Columbus is a story of how to make an egg stand on end. ... is the 237th day of the year (238th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Elisha Gray (August 2, 1835 â€“ January 21, 1901) was an electrical engineer and is best known for his development of a telephone prototype in 1876 in Highland Park, Illinois, independently of Alexander Graham Bell. ... Oscillation is the periodic variation, typically in time, of some measure as seen, for example, in a swinging pendulum. ...

The successful demonstration of alternating current lighting at the Exposition dispelled doubts about the usefulness of the polyphase alternating current system developed by Westinghouse and Tesla.

Image File history File links World_Columbian_Exposition_-_White_City_-_1. ... Image File history File links World_Columbian_Exposition_-_White_City_-_1. ...

Other notable attractions

The World's Columbian Exposition was the first world's fair with an area for amusements that was strictly separated from the exhibition halls. This area developed by a young music promoter, Sol Bloom, concentrated on Midway Plaisance, included carnival rides — among them the first Ferris Wheel, built by George Ferris. This wheel was 264 feet high and had 36 cars, each of which could accommodate 60 people. One of the cars carried a band which played whenever the wheel was in motion. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Sol Bloom political button. ... Midway Plaisance is a linear park located near Lake Michigan in Chicago, Illinois approximately 5 miles from the downtown Loop area. ... A Ferris wheel on the boardwalk in Ocean City, New Jersey, USA. A Ferris wheel (or, more commonly in the UK, big wheel) is a nonbuilding structure consisting of an upright wheel with passenger gondolas suspended from the rim. ... George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr. ...

Nearby, Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West show performed. Buffalo Bill had asked to perform at the fair, but was turned down, because too many people thought he was too western, and would not fit in with the other attractions. He decided that he would come to Chicago anyway, where he set up his show just outside the very outer edge of the exposition. At the same time, historian Frederick Jackson Turner gave academic lectures reflecting on the end of the same frontier. Another popular Midway attraction was the "Street in Cairo", which included the popular exotic dancer known as Little Egypt, who introduced America to the suggestive version of the belly dance known as the "hootchy-kootchy", to a tune improvised by Bloom (and now more commonly associated with snake charmers). The Midway Plaisance introduced the term "midway" to American English, to describe a sideshow. Image File history File links Ferris-wheel-93. ... Image File history File links Ferris-wheel-93. ... Buffalo Bill (February 26, 1846 – January 10, 1917) was born William Frederick Cody in the American state of Iowa. ... Frederick Jackson Turner Frederick Jackson Turner (November 14, 1861 â€“ March 14, 1932) was, with Charles A. Beard, the least influential American historian of the early 20th century. ... Little Egypt was the stage name for two popular exotic dancers, Ashea Wabe who danced at the Seeley banquet and Farida Mazar Spyropoulos, who appeared at the Street in Cairo exhibition on the Midway at the World Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Elly del Sarto in c. ...

The Electrotachyscope of Ottomar Anschütz, which used a Geissler Tube to project the illusion of moving images was demonstrated. The electrotachyscope is an 1887 invention of Ottomar Anschütz of Germany which presents the illusion of motion with transparent serial photographs, chronophotographs, arranged on a spinning wheel of fortune or mandala-like glass disc, significant as a technological development in the history of cinema. ... Ottomar AnschÃ¼tz (c. ... The Geissler tube is a glass tube for demonstrating the principles of electrical discharge. ... An illusion is a distortion of a sensory perception, revealing how the brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation. ... Origins of motion picture arts and sciences Any overview of the history of cinema would be remiss to fail to at least mention a long history of literature, storytelling, narrative drama, art, mythology, puppetry, shadow play, cave paintings and perhaps even dreams. ...

Louis Comfort Tiffany made his reputation with a stunning chapel he designed and built for the Exposition. This chapel has been carefully reconstructed in recent years, and can now be seen in excellent condition at the Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of American Art. Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) circa 1908 Louis Comfort Tiffany (February 18, 1848 â€“ January 17, 1933) was an American artist and designer who worked in the decorative arts and is best known for his work in stained glass and is the American artist most associated with the Art Nouveau and... The Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of American Art houses the most comprehensive collection of the works of Louis Comfort Tiffany found anywhere, a major collection of American art pottery, and fine collections of late-19th and early-20th century American paintings, graphics and the decorative arts. ...

Architect Kirtland Cutter's Idaho Building, a rustic design log construction, was a popular favorite [1], visited by an estimated 18 million people. [2] The building's design and interior furnishings were a major precursor of the Arts and Crafts movement. Image File history File links Idahobuilding09. ... Image File history File links Idahobuilding09. ... Kirtland Kelsey Cutter (August 20, 1860â€“1939) was a 20th century architect in the Pacific Northwest and California. ... Idaho Building Designed by architect Kirtland Cutter for the 1893 Chicagos World Fair, Idaho Building was a rustic design log construction. ... Artichoke wallpaper, by John Henry Dearle for William Morris & Co. ...

The John Bull, the steam locomotive that would become the oldest surviving operable steam locomotive in the world when it ran under its own power again in 1981, was also displayed. At the time of the exposition, the locomotive was only 62 years old, having been built in 1831. However, it had already by this time become notable as the first locomotive acquisition by the Smithsonian Institution. The locomotive ran under its own power from Washington, DC, to Chicago to participate, and returned to Washington under its own power again when the exposition closed. The John Bull is an English-built railroad steam locomotive, operated for the first time on September 15, 1831; it became the oldest operable steam locomotive in the world (150 years) when the Smithsonian Institution operated it in 1981. ... Union Pacific Big Boy #4012 at work on a cold November 29, 1941 A steam locomotive is a locomotive powered by steam. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Smithsonian Institution Building or Castle on the National Mall serves as the Institutions headquarters. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United...

Also on display in Chicago was an original frog switch and portion of the superstructure of the famous 1826 Granite Railway in Massachusetts, which was the first commercial railroad in the United States to evolve into a common carrier without an intervening closure. The railway brought granite stones from a rock quarry in Quincy, Massachusetts so that the Bunker Hill Monument could be erected in Boston to commemorate that important battle during the American Revolution. The frog switch is now on public view in East Milton Square, MA, on the original right-of-way of the Granite Railway. Download high resolution version (1500x1000, 260 KB)John Bull on display at the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago, 1893. ... Download high resolution version (1500x1000, 260 KB)John Bull on display at the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago, 1893. ... The John Bull is an English-built railroad steam locomotive, operated for the first time on September 15, 1831; it became the oldest operable steam locomotive in the world (150 years) when the Smithsonian Institution operated it in 1981. ... The incline section of the Granite Railway, 1934. ... A common carrier is an organization that transports persons or goods, and offers its services to the general public. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Norfolk County Settled 1625 Incorporated 1792 Government - Type Mayor-council city - Mayor William J. Phelan Area - City 26. ... Bunker Hill Monument, 2001. ... John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen Colonies that...

The 1893 Parliament of the World’s Religions, which ran from September 11 to September 27, marked the first formal gathering of representatives of Eastern and Western spiritual traditions from around the world. Image File history File links Frog_Switch_of_the_Granite_Railway_displayed_at_the_Chicago_World's_Fair_in_1893. ... Image File history File links Frog_Switch_of_the_Granite_Railway_displayed_at_the_Chicago_World's_Fair_in_1893. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Parliament of the Worlds Religions. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Forty-six nations participated in the fair, including Haiti, which selected Frederick Douglass to be its coordinator. The Exposition drew nearly 26 million visitors, and left a remembered vision that can be recognized even in the Emerald City of L. Frank Baum's Land of Oz and in Walt Disney's majestic theme parks Disneyland and Walt Disney World (his father Elias had been a construction worker on some of the buildings). Frederick Douglass, ca. ... For other uses, see Emerald City (disambiguation). ... The Laughing Dragon of Oz, see Frank Joslyn Baum . ... Oz is a fantasy region containing four countries under the rule of one monarch. ... For the company founded by Disney, see The Walt Disney Company. ... This article is about a theme park in Anaheim, California USA. For other Disney parks and attractions, see Walt Disney Parks and Resorts. ... Cinderella Castle, at the center of the Magic Kingdom, is Walt Disney World Resorts most recognizable icon Introduction Owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company, the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, USA is home to four theme parks, two water parks, several resort hotels and golf courses...

Norway participated with a replica of a Viking ship, a replica of the Gokstad ship, being built in Norway and sailed across the Atlantic by 92 men, led by their helmsman Magnus Andersen. In 1919 this ship was moved to the Lincoln Park Zoo, and was recently taken to Good Templar Park in Geneva, Illinois, where it awaits renovation[3]. Image File history File links Viking,_replica_of_the_Gokstad_Viking_ship,_at_the_Chicago_World_Fair_1893. ... Image File history File links Viking,_replica_of_the_Gokstad_Viking_ship,_at_the_Chicago_World_Fair_1893. ... The Oseberg longship (Viking Ship Museum, Norway) Oseberg longship from the front, one of the most stunning expressions of Norse art and craftsmanship A longship tacking in the wind Longships were ships primarily used by the Scandinavian Vikings and the Saxons to raid coastal and inland settlements during the European... History Gokstad viking ship -excavation. ... The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one_fifth of its surface. ... A helmsman is an person who steers a ship. ...

Two days before the fair was scheduled to close, Chicago mayor Carter Harrison, Sr. was assassinated by a disgruntled office seeker, Eugene Patrick Prendergast. A massive closing ceremony was planned, but was canceled due to the assassination. The closing ceremony was expected to break the record the fair had already set on Chicago Day for the most single-day attendance of a major event. Carter Henry Harrison, Sr. ... Eugene Patrick Prendergast (1868 - July 13, 1894) was the U.S. assassin of Chicago, Illinois Mayor Carter Harrison, Sr. ...

Famous firsts at the fair

Aunt Jemima is a trademark for pancake flour, syrup, and other breakfast foods. ... A bag of Frito-Lays Cracker Jack, featuring Sailor Jack and his dog Bingo. ... Original icon design from 1895 Box design of Cream of Wheat as it appears today Cream of Wheat is a hot breakfast cereal invented in 1893 by wheat millers in Grand Forks, North Dakota[]. The cereal is currently manufactured and sold by Kraft Foods. ... Quaker Oats Company makes many types and flavors of oatmeal. ... The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) is the biggest congress in mathematics. ... Elongated coins are coins that have been flattened, stretched and imprinted with a new design with the purpose of creating a commemorative or souvenir token. ... Frederick Jackson Turner, author of the Frontier Thesis The Frontier Thesis or Turner Thesis is the conclusion of Frederick Jackson Turner that the wellsprings of American exceptionalism and vitality have always been the American frontier, the region between urbanized, civilized society and the untamed wilderness. ... Frederick Jackson Turner Frederick Jackson Turner (November 14, 1861 â€“ March 14, 1932) was, with Charles A. Beard, the least influential American historian of the early 20th century. ... A Ferris wheel on the boardwalk in Ocean City, New Jersey, USA. A Ferris wheel (or, more commonly in the UK, big wheel) is a nonbuilding structure consisting of an upright wheel with passenger gondolas suspended from the rim. ... Juicy Fruit is a flavor and brand of chewing gum made by Wrigleys. ... Post Cereals shredded wheat Shredded Wheat is a breakfast cereal made from whole wheat. ... A hamburger (or simply burger) is a sandwich that consists of a cooked patty of ground meat that is fried, steamed, grilled, or broiled, and is generally served with various condiments and toppings inside a sliced bun baked specially for this purpose. ... Entrance to Creation Exhibit on the Pike Map of the St. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Milton S. Hershey (September 13, 1857 - October 13, 1945) founded the Hershey Chocolate Company. ... The United States Postal Service (USPS) is an independent establishment of the executive branch of the United States government (see 39 U.S.C. Â§ 201) responsible for providing postal service in the U.S. Within the United States, it is colloquially referred to simply as the post office. ... For the computer diagnostic tool, see Postcard (computing). ... The 2Â¢ Landing of Columbus is the most common stamp of the Columbian Issue The Columbian Issue, often simply called the Columbians, is a set of 16 postage stamps issued by the United States to mark the 1893 World Columbian Exposition held in Chicago. ... Seal of the U.S. Mint The United States Mint primarily produces circulating coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce. ... The Columbian Exposition quarter commemorative coin, commonly referred to as the Isabella quarter, was minted as a result of a petition made by Board of Lady Managers of the Columbian Exposition for a souvenir quarter. ... The Columbian Exposition half dollar commemorative coin, commonly referred to as the Columbian half dollar, was minted for the Columbian Exposition held between 1892 to 1893. ... A midway at a fair (commonly an American fair such as a county or state fair) is the location where amusement park rides, entertainment and fast food booths are concentrated. ... Midway Plaisance is a linear park located near Lake Michigan in Chicago, Illinois approximately 5 miles from the downtown Loop area. ... Chicago Nicknames Hog butcher for the world, Tool maker, stacker of wheat, Player with railroads and the nations freight handler; Stormy, husky, brawling, City of the big shoulders. ... Charles Anderson Dana (August 8, 1819 â€“ October 17, 1897) was an American journalist, author, and government official, best known for his association with Ulysses S. Grant during the American Civil War and his aggressive political advocacy after the war. ... The original New York Sun began publication September 3, 1833, as a morning newspaper, and an evening edition began in 1887. ... Chicago Nicknames Hog butcher for the world, Tool maker, stacker of wheat, Player with railroads and the nations freight handler; Stormy, husky, brawling, City of the big shoulders. ... Pabst Brewing Company is an American company founded in 1844 by Jacob Best. ... Bai Ganio is a fictional character created by Bulgarian author Aleko Konstantinov. ... Bulgarian literature is literature written by Bulgarians or residents of Bulgaria, or written in the Bulgarian language; usually the latter is the defining feature. ...

Image gallery

Later years

Following World Fair traditions, the buildings were temporary installations, and as such were eventually demolished or destroyed by riots. The only building to remain was Daniel Burnham's building, the Palace of Fine Arts now known as the Museum of Science and Industry. A view from the lagoon behind the Museum of Science and Industry, the only in-place surviving building from the 1893 World Columbian Exposition and a National Historic Landmark. ...

It gave rise to the "City Beautiful" movement which began in Chicago. Results included grandiose buildings and fountains built around Olmstedian parks, shallow pools of water on axis to central buildings, larger park systems, broad boulevards and parkways and after the turn of the century, zoning laws and planned suburbs. Examples of the City Beautiful movement's works include the City of Chicago, the Columbia University campus, and the Mall in Washington D.C. Frederick Law Olmsted (April 26, 1822 â€“ August 28, 1903) was a United States landscape architect, famous for designing many well-known urban parks, including Central Park and Prospect Park in New York City. ... Columbia University is a private research university in the United States. ...

Notes

Bibliography

Contents

Opening ceremony

Description

Electricity at the fair

Other notable attractions

Famous firsts at the fair

Image gallery

Later years

Notes

Bibliography

See also

Further reading

External links