World music is, most generally, all the music in the world.^[1] More specifically, the term is currently used to classify the many genres of non-western music which were previously described as "folk music" or "ethnic music". Succinctly, it can be described as "local music from out there",^[2] or "someone else's local music".^[3] Academic study of the term world music, as well as the musical genres and individual artists with which it has been associated, can be found in such disciplines as anthropology, Folkloristics, Performance Studies and ethnomusicology. Music is a form of art that involves organized and audible sounds and silence. ... Antarctica Australia Africa Asia Europe North America South America Middle East Caribbean Central Asia East Asia North Asia South Asia Southeast Asia SW. Asia China Australasia Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia Central America Latin America Northern America Americas C. Africa E. Africa N. Africa Southern Africa W. Africa C. Europe E. Europe... A music genre is a category (or genre) of pieces of music that share a certain style or basic musical language (van der Merwe 1989, p. ... The term Western World or the West can have multiple meanings depending on its context. ... Folk music, in the original sense of the term, is music by and for the common people. ... Folk music, in the original sense of the term, is music by and of the people. ... Initiation rite of the Yao people of Malawi Anthropology (from the Greek word , man or person) consists of the study of humanity (see genus Homo). ... Folkloristics is the formal academic study of folklore such as fairy tales and folk mythology in oral or non-literary traditions. ... Performance studies is a growing field of academic study focusing on the critical analysis of performance and performativity. ... Ethnomusicology (from the Greek ethnos = nation and mousike = music), formerly comparative musicology, is the study of music in its cultural context, cultural musicology. ...

Terminology

In essence, the term "world music" refers to any form of music that is not part of modern mainstream Western commercial popular music or classical music traditions, and which typically originates from outside the cultural sphere of Western Europe and the English-speaking nations. The term became current in the 1980s as a marketing/classificatory device in the media and the music industry, and it is generally used to classify any kind of "foreign" (i.e. non-Western) music. Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more of the mass media. ... Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... A common understanding of Western Europe in modern times. ... The 1980s refers to the years of 1980 to 1989. ... The music industry is the industry that creates, performs, promotes, and preserves music. ...

In musical terms, "world music" can be roughly defined as music which uses distinctive ethnic scales, modes and musical inflections, and which is usually (though not always) performed on or accompanied by distinctive traditional ethnic instruments, such as the kora (African lute), the steel drum, the sitar or the digeridoo. An ethnic group is a group of people who identify with one another, or are so identified by others, on the basis of a boundary that distinguishes them from other groups. ... In music, a scale is a set of musical notes that provides material for part or all of a musical work. ... In music, a mode is an ordered series of musical intervals, which, along with the key or tonic, define the pitches. ... Master Kora maker Alieu Suso in the Gambia The kora (French: cora) is a 21 string harp-lute used extensively by Mandingo peoples in West Africa. ... The lute is a plucked string instrument with a fretted neck and a deep round back. ... Steelpan (also known as Pan or Steel drum, and sometimes collectively with the musicians as a Steelband) is a musical instrument and a form of music originating in Trinidad West Indies. ... Premla Shahane playing a sitar, 1927 The sitar (Urdu: ستار, Hindi: सितार) is probably the best-known South Asian instrument in the West. ... The didgeridoo (or didjeridu) is a unique wind instrument of the Australian Aborigines of northern Australia. ...

Most typically, the term "world music" has now replaced "folk music" as a shorthand description for the very broad range of recordings of traditional indigenous music and song from the so-called Third World countries. Indigenous music may refer to any of the musics of indigenous peoples, especially the folk, ceremonial or ritual, and religious traditions of those people music of Africa, especially the non-European, Asian or Arab-derived traditions Maori music of New Zealand Native American music of the United States and Canada... For the Jamaican reggae band, see Third World (band). ...

Although it primarily describes traditional music, the world music genre also includes popular music from non-Western urban communities (e.g. South African "township" music) and non-European music forms that have been influenced by other "third world" musics (e.g. Afro-Cuban music), although Western-style popular song sourced from non-English-speaking countries in Western Europe (e.g. French pop music) would not generally be considered world music. The Caribbean island of Cuba has been influential in the development of multiple musical styles in the 19th and 20th centuries. ... French pop music is the pop music sung in the French language. ...

Examples of popular forms of world music include the various forms of non-European classical music (e.g. Japanese koto music, Hindustani raga music, Tibetan chants), eastern European folk music (e.g. the village music of Bulgaria) and the many forms of folk and tribal music of the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Oceania and Central and South America. Masayo Ishigure plays the koto The koto (Japanese: 箏, Sino-Japanese reading sō; more commonly, though not quite correctly, the character 琴, Sino-Japanese reading kin is used) is a traditional stringed musical instrument from China resembling a zither. ... Raga (rāg /राग (Hindi), raga (anglicised from rāgaḥ/रागः (Sanskrit)) or rāgam /ராகம் (Tamil)) are the melodic modes used in Indian classical music. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... For the fictional superstate in George Orwells novel, see Oceania (Nineteen Eighty-Four). ... Map of Central America Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

World music is generally agreed to be traditional, folk or roots musics of any culture that are created and played by indigenous musicians or that are "closely informed or guided by indigenous music of the regions of their origin".^[4]

The broad category of "world music" includes isolated forms of ethnic music from diverse geographical regions. These dissimilar strains of ethnic music are commonly categorized together by virtue of their indigenous roots. Over the 20th century, the invention of sound recording, low-cost international air travel and common access to global communication among artists and the general public has given rise to a related phenomenon called "cross-over" music. Musicians from diverse cultures and locations could readily access recorded music from around the world, see and hear visiting musicians from other cultures and visit other countries to play their own music, creating a melting pot of stylistic influences. Folk music, in the original sense of the term, is music by and of the people. ... Folk music, in the original sense of the term, is music by and of the people. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... In music, crossover is a term used to describe material borrowed from a different style or genre and whose popularity crosses the considered boundaries of styles or genres. ...

While communication technology allows greater access to obscure forms of music, the pressures of commercialisation also present the risk of increasing musical homogeny, the blurring of regional identities, and the gradual extinction of traditional local music-making practices.

Cultural appropriation in western music

World music as a cultural/economic phenomenon is inextricably linked with the invention of sound recording and the development of the international recording industry, but the background to its emergence covers the whole span of modern Western musical history, and what some analysts have deemed the digital revolution. This is particularly evident among indigenous peoples and their musical genres, such as the Urarina of Peruvian Amazonia who face many challenges in the face of globalization and the forces propelling cultural appropriation.^[5] Methods and media for sound recording are varied and have undergone significant changes between the first time sound was actually recorded for later playback until now. ... The record industry (or recording industry) is the industry that manufactures and distributes mechanical recordings of music. ... Western music is a broad category of music that includes all musical genres that use a 12-note chromatic scale, including Western classical music, rock and roll, and many other forms of popular music. ... The Digital Revolution describes the effects of rapid drop in cost and ongoing improvement of digital devices such as computers replacing or emulating analog devices, enabling former unthinkable innovations like the World Wide Web (WWW). ... Indigenous peoples are: Peoples living in an area prior to colonization by a state Peoples living in an area within a nation-state, prior to the formation of a nation-state, but who do not identify with the dominant nation. ... An Indigenous Peoples of the Peruvian Amazon (Loreto), they refer to themselves as Kachá (lit. ... A river in the Amazon rainforest The Amazon is a rainforest in South America. ... A KFC franchise in Kuwait. ... Cultural appropriation (also commonly refered to as cultural misappropriation or cultural theft) is the adoption of elements of cultural expression of one societal group, such as forms of dress or personal adornment, music and art, religion, language, or behavior, by an external group, who often ignore the underlying purpose and...

Since at least the Renaissance, musicians, composers, music publishers (and, in the 20th century, radio stations and recording companies) have been part of a wide-ranging and continuous process of cultural appropriation that developed in the wake of the European colonisation of America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. In this process, styles, forms and influences from non-Western music—especially novel melodies, rhythmic patterns or harmonic structures—were discovered, appropriated, adapted and incorporated into mainstream Western popular music. Raphael was famous for depicting illustrious figures of the Classical past with the features of his Renaissance contemporaries. ... Cultural appropriation (also commonly refered to as cultural misappropriation or cultural theft) is the adoption of elements of cultural expression of one societal group, such as forms of dress or personal adornment, music and art, religion, language, or behavior, by an external group, who often ignore the underlying purpose and...

This appropriation process has a long history in European art music, which bears numerous traces of the adoption of fashionable European popular and folk dances into the classical genre. Dance styles like the allemande, the pavane, the galliard and the gavotte—often derived from popular folk dances—were just four among scores of "dance crazes" that swept the courts of Europe during the Renaissance and early Baroque, An allemande (also spelled allemanda, almain, or alman) (from French German) is a type of dance popular in Baroque music, and a standard element of a suite, generally the first or second movement. ... The pavane is a processional dance common in Europe during the 16th century, whether named from an origin in Padua (padovano), from Sanskrit meaning wind, or from the stately sweep of a ladys train likened to a peacocks tail. ... The galliard (gaillarde, in French) was a form of Renaissance dance and music popular all over Europe in the 16th century. ... A gavotte dance in Brittany, France, 1878 The gavotte (also gavot or gavote) originated as a French folk dance, taking its name from the Gavot people of the Pays de Gap region of Dauphiné, where the dance originated. ... Raphael was famous for depicting illustrious figures of the Classical past with the features of his Renaissance contemporaries. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens. ...

However, by the time Bach and Händel were writing their great instrumental works during the late Baroque, the rhythms and timings of these dances had been already been appropriated, formalised and incorporated into the structure of elite European 'art' music. This trend continued in 18th and 19th century with folk-dance crazes like the mazurka, the waltz and the polka. The 1748 Haussmann portrait of the composer Bach redirects here. ... George Frideric Handel (23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German Baroque composer who was a leading composer of concerti grossi, operas and oratorios. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens. ... For the popular Tamil film, see Rhythm (film) Rhythm (Greek = flow, or in Modern Greek, style) is the variation of the accentuation of sounds or other events over time. ... The mazurka (Polish: mazurek, probably named after Polands Masuria district) is a Polish folk dance in triple metre with a lively tempo, containing a heavy accent on the third or second beat. ... The waltz (G.: Walzer, It. ... Street musicians in Prague playing a polka Polka is a type of dance and genre of dance music. ...

One well-known example of cultural appropriation into the European classical music genre arose from the 18th century fad known as "Orientalism", in which music, architecture, costume and visual arts from "Oriental" cultures (including the Ottoman empire, India, China and Japan) became highly fashionable. One of the most enduring artefacts of this fad is the third movement of Mozart's popular Piano Sonata No. 11 in A major, K. 331, known as the Rondo alla turca ("rondo in the Turkish style"). (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... In biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is the precursor molecule to FADH2. ... Orientalism is the study of Near and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages and peoples by Western scholars. ... The Parthenon on top of the Acropolis, Athens, Greece Architecture (from Latin, architectura and ultimately from Greek, αρχιτεκτων, a master builder, from αρχι- chief, leader and τεκτων, builder, carpenter) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (baptized as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart; January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was a prolific and highly influential composer of Classical music. ... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts Piano Sonata No. ... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts Piano Sonata No. ...

Two other well-known 19th century examples of this fad are the popular Gilbert and Sullivan comic opera The Mikado and the Puccini opera Madama Butterfly, both of which exploited the craze for all things Japanese that followed in the wake of the United States' forcible opening-up of Japan to Western trade in 1854. W. S. Gilbert Sir Arthur Sullivan Librettist W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and composer Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900) collaborated on a series of fourteen comic operas in Victorian England between 1871 and 1896. ... Comic opera is a subcategory of opera, and denotes a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature. ... The Mikado, or The Town of Titipu, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations. ... Giacomo Puccini Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (December 22, 1858 – November 29, 1924) was an Italian composer whose operas, including La bohème, Tosca, and Madama Butterfly, are among the most frequently performed in the standard repertoire[1]. Some of his melodies, such as O mio babbino caro... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

One of the earliest examples of crossover music is the music of French composer Claude Debussy. In 1889 the French government staged the great Paris Exposition, an event that was to have profound effects on many areas of western art and music. Debussy visited the exposition and it was here that he first heard gamelan music performed by Sundanese musicians. He was transfixed by the hypnotic, layered sound of the gamelan orchestra and reportedly returned to the Dutch East Indies pavilion over several days to listen to the Indonesian musicians perform and to study the structure and tuning of this novel musical form. His exposure to gamelan music had a direct influence on the composition of his famous Nocturnes for piano.^[6] In music crossover is a term used to describe artists of a certain style or genre whose popularity crosses the considered boundaries of where the music of that style or genre is normally found. ... Claude Debussy, ca. ... The Exposition Universelle of 1889 was a Worlds Fair held in Paris, France from May 5, to October 31, 1889. ... Gamelan - Indonesian Embassy in Canberra A gamelan is a kind of musical ensemble of Indonesian origin typically featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones, xylophones, drums, and gongs; bamboo flutes, bowed and plucked strings, and vocalists may also be included. ... Sunda edition of Wikipedia The word Sunda refers to a kingdom and an ethnic group living in especially the west part of Java. ... The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, (Dutch: Nederlands-Indië) was the name of the colonies set up by the Dutch East India Company, which came under administration of the Netherlands during the 19th century (see Indonesia). ... Indonesia is culturally diverse and is home to hundreds of forms of music, with those from the islands of Java, Sumatra and Bali being the most frequently recorded. ... Nocturnes is an orchestral composition by the French composer Claude Debussy. ... A grand piano, with the lid up. ...

In the case of Debussy, some of this long process of appropriation also had an educative effect, and by the 1960s Western audiences were beginning to move beyond the confines of the Western musical tradition and explore traditional music from other countries and continents, and as Eurocentric cultural and social biases began to be broken down during the 1960s, music from other cultures gained increasingly broad acceptance. Eurocentrism is the practice, conscious or otherwise, of placing emphasis on European (and, generally, Western) concerns, culture and values at the expense of those of other cultures. ...

The key factor in this transition was the invention of sound recording, but it was also greatly influenced by the wide-ranging program of collection of European traditional folk music by 19th and early 20th century European classical composers and musicologists. This process was, at first, simply one facet of the multifocal 19th century passion for collection and classification, but it was given greater impetus by the growing awareness that the devastating impact of Western urban-industrial culture was decimating traditional cultures. A musicologist is someone who studies musicology. ...

The Didgeridoo instrument of the Indigenous Australians

This collection activity took on some aspects of a crusade, as musicologists raced to preserve vanishing musical artefacts before they were lost to history. This view was a key motivation for the ethnologists who collected and preserved examples of Australian Aboriginal music, since it was widely believed at the time that the Aboriginal "race" and Aboriginal culture would eventually die out. Didgeridoo, copied from French Wikipedia Securiger 11:52, 30 Dec 2003 (UTC) © fr:Utilisateur:Aoineko File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Didgeridoo, copied from French Wikipedia Securiger 11:52, 30 Dec 2003 (UTC) © fr:Utilisateur:Aoineko File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A didgeridoo. ... See also, List of Indigenous Australian group names Indigenous Australians are the first human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. ... Ethnologyis a genre of cultural anthropology and| anthropological study, involving the systematic comparison of the beliefs and practices of different societies. ... Indigenous Australian music includes the music of Australian Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, who are collectively called Indigenous Australians, it incorporates a wide variety of distinctive traditional music styles practised by Indigenous Australian peoples, as well as a range of contemporary musical styles both derivative of and fusion with European... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Musicologists and leading composers like Antonín Dvořák, Zoltán Kodály, Béla Bartók and Percy Grainger made strenuous efforts to collect and record local forms of European folk music and folk song, and many folk music melodies and other musical features were absorbed into the mainstream classical tradition. A good example of this process was the enduringly popular suites of Hungarian dances by Dvořák and Johannes Brahms. Antonín Dvořák Antonín Leopold Dvořák ( ; September 8, 1841 – May 1, 1904) was a Czech composer of Romantic music, who employed the idioms and melodies of the folk-music of his native Bohemia in symphonic and chamber music. ... Zoltán Kodály (IPA: ) (December 16, 1882 – March 6, 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, educator, linguist and philosopher. ... Béla Bartók in 1927 Bartok redirects here. ... Percy Aldridge Grainger (8 July 1882 – 20 February 1961) was an Australian-born pianist, composer, and champion of the saxophone and the Concert band. ... Hungarian dance is a set of Hungarian folkloric dances. ... Antonín Dvořák Antonín Leopold Dvořák ( ; September 8, 1841 – May 1, 1904) was a Czech composer of Romantic music, who employed the idioms and melodies of the folk-music of his native Bohemia in symphonic and chamber music. ... Johannes Brahms. ...

During the 19th century this collection program was necessarily restricted to the written notation of melodies, lyrics and arrangements, but it was transformed in the early 20th century by the invention of sound recording and the development of portable cylinder and disc recording equipment, enabling musicologists for the first time to capture this music in actual performance, and the new technology was eagerly adopted by musicologists in Europe and America. Edison cylinder phonograph ca. ... A U.S. Postage Stamp commemorating one hundred years of sound recording. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...

This growing archive of "folkloric" recordings remained largely within the confines of academia until after World War II. But in America, these collection programs -— notably those sponsored by the Library of Congress -— were to have an immense influence on the development of the international popular music industry. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... The Great Hall interior. ...

Folk-music collectors like the great Alan Lomax worked assiduously for decades to find and record examples of almost every facet of native American, African-American and European-American folk music, and the work of these many scholars, enthusiasts and collectors preserved the sound of many legendary "folk" performers and thousands of hours of priceless song and music from the American folk music tradition. Lomax playing guitar, sometime between 1938 and 1950 Alan Lomax (January 31, 1915 – July 19, 2002) was an important American folklorist and musicologist. ...

This musicological program was again revolutionised in the early 1950s by the new technology of magnetic tape recording, which for the first time allowed music collectors to make very stable, long-duration, high-fidelity studio and field recordings. The concurrent introduction of the LP audio disc format, which could hold as much as thirty minutes of continuous music per side, allowed many such "folk music" recordings to be released into the consumer market for the first time. Compact audio cassette Magnetic tape is a non-volatile storage medium consisting of a magnetic coating on a thin plastic strip. ... The Beatles Magical Mystery Tour (1967) as a 33 â…“ LP vinyl record A gramophone record (also phonograph record, or simply record) is an analogue sound recording medium consisting of a flat disc with an inscribed modulated spiral groove starting near the periphery and ending near the center of the disc. ...

The availability of high-quality portable tape recorders was the key innovation that led to the inception of the two keystone labels in the world music genre. Folkways Records extensive archive of folk and indigenous music was launched in the 1950s. It was followed in the 1960s by Elektra Records' influential Nonesuch Explorer Series, which was launched in 1967 with one of the first commercially available LPs of Indonesian folk music, Music from the Morning of the World. Folkways Records is a record label founded by Moses Asch. ... Elektra Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, and today operates under Atlantic Records Group. ...

These "folk" LPs—notably those of early 20th century blues music—were to bring about a radical change in the style and direction of late 20th century popular music. This process is exemplified by the huge directional change in rock music that came about when young British and American musicians (like Eric Clapton) heard the now-legendary recordings of an obscure Mississippi blues musician called Robert Johnson. The blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on the use of the blue notes and a repetitive pattern that typically follows a twelve-bar structure. ... Rock is a form of popular music from the mid 20th century which typically features a vocal melody (often with vocal harmony) that is supported by accompaniment of electric guitars, a bass guitar, and drums, often with a strong back beat. ... An example of the famous Clapton is God graffiti craze Eric Patrick Clapton CBE (born March 30, 1945), nicknamed Slowhand, is a Grammy Award winning English guitarist, singer and composer, who is one of the most respected and influential musicians of the rock era, garnering an unprecedented three inductions into... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Robert Leroy Johnson (May 8, 1911 – August 16, 1938) is among the most famous Delta Blues musicians and arguably the most influential. ...

Another fascinating aspect of the changes in the cultural appropriation process can be found on the music of Dvořák, which itself was greatly influenced by his collection and study of the folk music of his native Bohemia. In the 1892 Dvořák was invited to become the director of the National Conservatory of Music in New York City; the period he spent in America, and especially his exposure to native American and African-American music, led to the creation of his most famous and popular symphonic work, the Symphony No. 9, subtitled "From the New World". Antonín Dvořák Antonín Leopold Dvořák ( ; September 8, 1841 – May 1, 1904) was a Czech composer of Romantic music, who employed the idioms and melodies of the folk-music of his native Bohemia in symphonic and chamber music. ... Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... Nickname: Big Apple, City that never Sleeps, Gotham Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1613 Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ...

This is arguably another very early example of the so-called crossover music genre, but interestingly, it also had an influence on the development of American popular music. Part of the symphony's enduring appeal is due to the nostalgic main melody in the second movement, which is said to have expressed Dvořák's homesickness for Bohemia. Remarkably, this melody was later appropriated into the formative bluegrass music genre as the basis for the song "Goin' Home" (attributed to William Arms Fisher); it soon became a bluegrass standard and was later adapted into a popular spiritual-style song. In music crossover is a term used to describe artists of a certain style or genre whose popularity crosses the considered boundaries of where the music of that style or genre is normally found. ... Bluegrass music is considered a form of American roots music with its own roots in English, Irish and Scottish traditional music. ... Going Home was a television series screened on the SBS network in Australia from 2000 to 2001. ... William Arms Fisher (April 27, 1861 in San Francisco - December 18, 1948 in Boston) was an American music writer. ... == Historical background on spiritual music Spirituals were often expressions of religious faith, although they may also have served as socio-political protests veiled as assimilation to white, American culture. ...

The 1900s

Beginning around the turn of the 20th century, the invention of sound recording and motion pictures enabled American mass-entertainment culture to begin to develop into a major global economic and cultural force. Methods and media for sound recording are varied and have undergone significant changes between the first time sound was actually recorded for later playback until now. ... For other uses see film (disambiguation) Film refers to the celluliod media on which movies are printed Film — also called movies, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows, flicks, or motion pictures, — is a field that encompasses motion pictures as an art form or as...

Simultaneous with this process, two emerging streams of non-Western music—African-American music and Latin music—were discovered by American and European audiences, and they were rapidly appropriated by the mainstream music industry. Over the next hundred years these two broad genres were to have a massive transformative effect on the structure of popular music and the direction of the music industry. African American music (also called black music, formerly known as race music) is an umbrella term given to a range of musical genres emerging from or influenced by the culture of United States. ... Latin American music, or the music of Latin America, is sometimes called Latin music. ... The music industry is the industry that creates, performs, promotes, and preserves music. ...

In the 1890s working-class dancers, composers and musicians in the La Boca area of Buenos Aires in Argentina invented a daring and sensual new dance style which was dubbed the tango. It took Argentina by storm and after reaching New York during World War I it became an international sensation, aided by a plethora of tango recordings and crystallised by the famously steamy tango scene in Rudolph Valentino's legend-making 1921 film The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. La Boca in the map of Buenos Aires An example of the colour of La Boca Caminito, Boca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... Coordinates: Found 1536, 1580 Chief of Government Jorge Telerman Area    - City 203 km²  (78. ... A couple dances Argentine Tango. ... Nickname: Big Apple, City that never Sleeps, Gotham Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1613 Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ... {{Infobox Military Conflict |conflict = World War I |partof = |image = |caption = Clockwise from top: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks... Rudolph Valentino (May 6, 1895 – August 23, 1926) was an Italian actor. ... The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse was a 1921 silent movie produced by Metro Pictures Corporation, directed by Rex Ingram and starring Rudolph Valentino, Pomeroy Cannon, Josef Swickard and Alice Terry. ...

More or less simultaneous with the tango craze, a novel African-American style known as ragtime emerged in the United States, epitomised by the music of virtuoso pianist-composers Scott Joplin and Eubie Blake. Ragtime introduced African-derived syncopated ("ragged") rhythms into Western music and enjoyed a tremendous international vogue over the next twenty years, as well as exerted a huge influence on the subsequent development of jazz. Second edition cover of Maple Leaf Rag, perhaps the most famous rag of all Ragtime is an American musical genre enjoying its peak popularity between 1899 and 1918. ... Scott Joplin (born between June 1867 and January 1868[1] – died April 1, 1917) was a black musician and composer of ragtime music. ... James Hubert Eubie Blake (February 7, 1887 - February 12, 1983) was a composer and pianist of ragtime, jazz, and popular music, as well as a lyricist. ... In music, syncopation is the stressing of a normally unstressed beat in a bar or the failure to sound a tone on an accented beat. ... Jazz is a musical art form that originated in New Orleans at around the start of the 20th century. ...

Ragtime and then early jazz transformed American popular music—the work of songwriters like George Gershwin and Irving Berlin was crucially shaped by their appropriation of influences from African-American music—and these genres also strongly influenced many European classical composers, especially the French composers Erik Satie, Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel. George Gershwin (September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American composer who wrote most of his vocal and theatrical works in collaboration with his elder brother lyricist Ira Gershwin. ... Irving Berlin (May 11, 1888 – September 22, 1989) was an American composer and lyricist, one of the most prodigious and famous American songwriters in history. ... Selfportrait of Erik Satie. ... Claude Debussy, ca. ... Joseph-Maurice Ravel (March 7, 1875 – December 28, 1937) was a French 20th century composer and pianist, known especially for the subtlety, richness and poignancy of his music. ...

In terms of their influence on almost every facet of 20th century popular music, the successive historical genres of African-American music have, as a group, been the most significant of all the "exotic" genres appropriated into Western music. Just as they influenced each other, gospel music, ragtime, blues, jazz, R&B and rock'n'roll were also successively appropriated into mainstream Western popular music—usually almost as soon as each became known as a definable genre. It is undeniable that the various genres of African-American music have, collectively, exerted a greater influence over the development and direction of Western mass-market popular recorded music than any other force. African American music (also called black music, formerly known as race music) is an umbrella term given to a range of musical genres emerging from or influenced by the culture of United States. ... Gospel music may refer to the religious music that first came out of African-American churches in the first quarter of the twentieth century or, more loosely, to both black gospel music and to the religious music composed and sung by predominately white Southern Gospel artists. ... Second edition cover of Maple Leaf Rag, perhaps the most famous rag of all Ragtime is an American musical genre enjoying its peak popularity between 1899 and 1918. ... The blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on the use of the blue notes and a repetitive pattern that typically follows a twelve-bar structure. ... Jazz is a musical art form that originated in New Orleans at around the start of the 20th century. ... Rhythm and blues (or R & B) is a musical marketing term introduced in the United States in the late 1940s by Billboard magazine. ... Rock and roll (also spelled rock n roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ...

Alongside the emergence of jazz, beginning around 1915, Hawaiian music reached the mainstream pop market in the United States. The Hawaiian style (or, more often, western imitations of it) became a major music fad, retaining a signiicant audience following from the 1930s to the 1950s. Hawaiian music was itself a complex mixture of European, native Hawaiian and other Polynesian influences. This is well demonstrated by the work of one of the founders of the genre, Queen Lili'uokalani (1838-1917), the last Queen of Hawaii before the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown. A musician and composer, she is credited as the composer of the unofficial Hawaiian anthem "Aloha 'Oe". Lili'uokalani indeed wrote the lyrics and arranged the music but in fact she appropriated the tune from a Croatian folk song called "Sidi Mara na kamen studencu". The music of Hawai`i includes an array of traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop. ... Carving from the ridgepole of a Māori house, ca 1840 This article is about the wider region in the Pacific. ... Her Majesty Lili‘uokalani, Queen of Hawai‘i Queen Lili‘uokalani of Hawai‘i (September 2, 1838 - November 11, 1917), given the Christian name Lydia Lili‘uokalani and later named Lydia K. Dominis, was the last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i. ...

Beginning in the late 1920s, a series of concerts under the aegis of the Pan-American Association of Composers, founded by Henry Cowell, brought the African-influenced music of Cuban composers Alejandro García Caturla and Amadeo Roldán and the work of Carlos Chávez, much of it rooted in Mexican folk music, to the United States. Henry Cowell (March 11, 1897 - December 10, 1965) was an American composer, musical theorist, pianist, teacher, publisher, and impresario. ... The Caribbean island of Cuba has been influential in the development of multiple musical styles in the 19th and 20th centuries. ... Amadeo Roldán (Jun 12, 1900 in Paris - Mar 7, 1939 in Havana) was a Cuban composer and violinist. ... Carlos Chavez photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1937 Carlos Antonio de Padua Chávez y Ramírez (June 13, 1899 – August 2, 1978) was a Mexican composer, conductor, teacher, journalist, and the founder and director of the Mexico Symphony Orchestra. ... The music of Mexico is extraordinarily diverse and features a wide range of different musical styles. ...

In the 1930s, the "Latin invasion" that had begun with the tango took off again when American jazz, dance music, and popular song were revolutionized by the "discovery" of other music forms of the Caribbean, Central and South America, a process that was triggered by a significant influx of migrants to the United States from Cuba, Puerto Rico and other Caribbean islands in the 1940s. World map depicting Caribbean : West Indies redirects here. ... Map of Central America Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

The blending of Latin rhythms and instrumental jazz was pioneered by established American musicians like Duke Ellington and Dizzy Gillespie and by recently-arrived 'Latin' musicians like Machito and others, some of whom soon became stars in their own right. Latin beats rapidly became an essential part of the rhythmical vocabulary of American popular music, providing composers and musicians with a vastly enhanced repertoire of beats and meters. During the 1930s and 1940s, newly appropriated Latin music genres created a series of music movements and dance crazes, including the merengue, the samba, and the rumba. Edward Kennedy Duke Ellington (April 29, 1899 – May 24, 1974), also known simply as Duke (see Jazz royalty), was an American jazz composer, pianist, and bandleader. ... John Birks Dizzy Gillespie (October 21, 1917 – January 6, 1993) was born in Cheraw, South Carolina. ... Machito (February 16, 1912-April 15, 1984) was an influential Latin jazz musician and bandleader. ... The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949. ... Merengue is a type of lively, joyful music and dance that comes from the Dominican Republic. ... Samba is one of the most popular forms of music in Brazil. ... Rumba is both a family of music rhythms and a dance style that originated in Africa and traveled via the slave trade to Cuba and the New World. ...

In 1944 The Andrews Sisters appropriated the song "Rum and Coca-Cola", which had originally been recorded by Jamaican musician Lord Invader in the 1930s. The Andrews Sisters' version sparked a new fad for this infectious new style, calypso. The craze reached its apex of popularity in the mid-1950s with the release of the hugely successful Harry Belafonte single Banana Boat Song and Belafonte's million-selling 1956 LP Calypso. Calypso also had a strong influence on the mainstream folk music boom of the late Fifties and early Sixties, which in turn became one of the major springboards for the development of world music as a genre. The Andrews Sisters on the cover of the reissue collection The Best of the Andrew Sisters: The Millennium Collection. ... Rum and Coca-Cola is the title of a popular calypso song. ... Rupert Grant, more commonly known as Lord Invader, was a prominent calypsonian with a very distinctive, gravelly voice. ... Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music which originated in the British and French colonial islands of the Caribbean at about the start of the 20th century. ... Harold George Belafonte, Jr. ... The Beatles Magical Mystery Tour (1967) as a 33 â…“ LP vinyl record A gramophone record (also phonograph record, or simply record) is an analogue sound recording medium consisting of a flat disc with an inscribed modulated spiral groove starting near the periphery and ending near the center of the disc. ...

In the late 1950s, repeating the impact of the tango, a seductive new music style called bossa nova emerged from Brazil and it soon swept the world, exerting a huge effect over the course of Western pop and jazz over the next decade and beyond. Nothing better illustrates the lasting impact of this hugely popular genre than the archetypical bossa song, "The Girl From Ipanema", written in 1962 and best known via the languid bilingual crossover version recorded by Stan Getz, João Gilberto and Astrud Gilberto in 1963. Thanks largely to the enormous worldwide popularity of this single, "The Girl From Ipanema" now ranks as the second most-recorded song of all time, surpassed only by Paul McCartney's "Yesterday". Bossa nova is a style of Brazilian music created by Antônio Carlos Jobim and João Gilberto and first introduced in Brazil by Gilbertos recording of Chega de Saudade, in 1958, a song written by Antônio Carlos Jobim, first released as a single, and shortly thereafter as... The Girl from Ipanema (Garota de Ipanema) is a well known bossa nova song, and was a worldwide hit in the mid-1960s. ... Stan Getz Stanley Getz, better known as Stan Getz (February 2, 1927 – June 6, 1991) was an American jazz musician. ... João Gilberto (born João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira on June 10, 1931 in the town of Juazeiro, Bahia) is a Brazilian musician and considered one of the co-creators, with Tom Jobim, of bossa nova. ... Astrud Gilberto Astrud Gilberto (born March 29, 1940) is a Brazilian singer best known for her samba and bossa nova music. ... Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE (born 18 June 1942, Liverpool) is an English singer and songwriter. ...

Bossa nova was also an important influence on two innovative streams of popular music in teh early 1960s. One was the shortlived but very popular British-originated music craze known as Merseybeat, the pop style epitomised by the early songs of The Beatles, which combined popular song structures and rock'n'roll instrumentation with rhythmic inflections taken from bossa nova. For the TV program please see Merseybeat Merseybeat, sometimes referred to as Merseysound, was a style of music popular during the 1960s. ... The Beatles were a highly influential English rock n roll band from Liverpool, Merseyside. ...

New York was one of the epicentres of the Latin-jazz crossover, so it is not surprising that the other major pop style to show a strong influence from bossa nova was the so-called "Brill Building Sound", exemplified by the work of the New York-based songwriter teams like Jerry Lieber and Mike Stoller, Gerry Goffin & Carole King, Neil Sedaka & Howard Greenfield, Jeff Barry & Ellie Greenwich and especially Burt Bacharach and Hal David. The Brill Building (1930- ) in the United States is located at 1619 Broadway, in New York City, New York, just north of Times Square. ... Jerry Leiber (born April 25, 1933) and Mike Stoller (born March 13, 1933) are among the most important songwriters and music producers in post-World War II popular music. ... Jerry Leiber (born April 25, 1933) and Mike Stoller (born March 13, 1933) are among the most important songwriters and music producers in post-World War II popular music. ... Gerry Goffin (born February 11, 1939) is an American lyricist. ... Carole King (born February 9, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. ... Neil Sedaka 2005 Neil Sedaka (born March 13, 1939 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American pop singer, pianist , and songwriter often associated with the Brill Building. ... Howard Greenfield ( March 15, 1936 – March 4, 1986) is an American songwriter. ... Jeff Barry (born Joel Adelberg, 1938, Brooklyn, N.Y.) and Ellie Greenwich (born 1940, Brooklyn, N.Y.) comprised one of the most prolific and successful Brill Building song writing and production teams in the early 1960s. ... Jeff Barry (born Jeffrey Adelberg, 1940, Brooklyn, N.Y.) and Ellie Greenwich (born 1940, Brooklyn, N.Y.) comprised one of the most prolific and successful Brill Building song writing and production teams in the early 1960s. ... Burt Bacharach (born May 12, 1928 in Kansas City, Missouri) is a Jewish-American pianist and composer. ... Hal David (born May 25, 1921 in New York City, New York) is a Jewish-American lyricist and songwriter. ...

Influences from African music also began to appear in the 1950s. This process included one of the more controversial examples of cultural appropriation process, exemplified by the pop song "The Lion Sleeps Tonight". A version of this song was an American #1 hit for pop band The Tokens in 1961, and it was credited to American writers, but in fact "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" was actually an unacknowledged rewrite of the song "Mbube", written and recorded by South African musician and composer, Solomon Linda, in 1939. The Lion Sleeps Tonight began as a 1939 African pop hit Mbube that, in modified versions, also became a hit in the US and UK. The song was first recorded by its writer, Solomon Linda, and his group, The Evening Birds, in 1939 under the title Mbube (Zulu for lion... The Tokens were an American male doo-wop vocal group from Brooklyn, New York. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Mbube can refer to: Mbube (song), a Zulu song composed by Solomon Linda, which sparked newfound interest in South African a cappella singing (a softer style is isicathamiya) Mbube (genre), a South African singing style named after the song This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with... Solomon Linda (1909 - 8 October, 1962) was a South African Zulu musician, singer and composer who wrote the song Mbube which later became the pop hit The Lion Sleeps Tonight, and gave its name to a style of isicathamiya a cappella popularized by Ladysmith Black Mambazo (Erlmann). ...

"Mbube" had been a major local hit for Linda and his band, The Evening Birds, reputedly selling 100,000 copies there, but its success at the time was entirely confined to South Africa. Some years later, a copy of Linda's recording reached the renowned American musicologist Alan Lomax; he passed it on to his friend Pete Seeger, who fell in love with it, and it was Seeger who was mainly responsible for popularising the song in the West. A musicologist is someone who studies musicology. ... Lomax playing guitar, sometime between 1938 and 1950 Alan Lomax (January 31, 1915 – July 19, 2002) was an important American folklorist and musicologist. ... Pete Seeger (1955) Peter Seeger (born May 3, 1919) almost universally known as Pete Seeger, is a folk singer and political activist. ...

Seeger recorded a version of the song with his noted folk group The Weavers in 1952, retitling it "Wimoweh" (an inaccurate transliteration of the song's original Zulu refrain, "uyimbube"), although at this point it should be noted that the politically-aware Seeger did give Linda a partial credit in the Weavers' arrangement of the song. The Weavers scored a US Top 20 hit with their studio version, and had further success with a live version of the song included on their influential 1957 live album, recorded at Carnegie Hall, which led to it being covered by The Kingston Trio in 1959. The Weavers were an immensely popular and influential folk music quartet from Greenwich Village, New York, United States. ... The Zulu (South African English and isiZulu: amaZulu) are an African ethnic group of about 11 million people who live mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. ... Carnegie Hall Carnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 7th Avenue, occupying the east stretch of 7th Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street. ... The Kingston Trios original lineup: Bob Shane, Dave Guard, Nick Reynolds The Kingston Trio is an American folk group. ...

The Weavers' Carnegie Hall version of "Wimoweh" became a favourite song of The Tokens—they used it as their audition piece when they were offered a contract with RCA Records—and this led to them recording it as their first RCA single. However, it was at this point that the lyrics were re-written by the band's producers—who took full credit for the song—and it would be several decades more before the full story of the appropriation of Linda's work became widely known. Sadly, by then Linda had long since died in poverty.^[7] The Lion Sleeps Tonight was a 1939 African pop hit that, unexpectedly, also became quite popular in the US. The song was first recorded by its writer, Solomon Linda, and his group, The Evening Birds, in 1939 under the title Mbube. The songs Zulu lyrics told the story of... The Tokens were an American male doo-wop vocal group from Brooklyn, New York. ... RCA Records is one of the flagship labels of Sony BMG Music Entertainment. ...

The early Sixties: Folk meets Pop

After World War II a small but growing market developed for Western folk music and recordings of non-Western music, and this was supplied by specialist record labels such as Folkways Records, Elektra Records and Nonesuch Records in the USA and, later, Disques Cellier in Switzerland. Such labels were typically small "boutique" operations or minor specialist imprints of large companies, which released albums of non-Western traditional classical music, folk songs and indigenous music. Folkways Records is a record label founded by Moses Asch. ... Elektra Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, and today operates under Atlantic Records Group. ... Nonesuch Records is currently allied with Warner Bros. ... Marcel Cellier (1925- ) is a Swiss organist, ethnomusicologist and music producer. ...

This market was fostered by the co-called "folk boom" of the 1950s and early 1960s, in which artists and groups like Pete Seeger and The Weavers explored the traditional songs and sounds of English-language folk music and re-interpreted them for the mass audience. In America, this process was massively influenced by the "discovery" of the treasure-trove of recordings of African-American music that had been made over the previous decades. Another more overtly political factor, and one that should not be overlooked in this case, is that many folk musicians were deeply involved in the struggle for civil rights for black Americans, and their championing of black music to white audiences was an integral and hugely influential part of this campaign. Pete Seeger (1955) Peter Seeger (born May 3, 1919) almost universally known as Pete Seeger, is a folk singer and political activist. ... The Weavers were an immensely popular and influential folk music quartet from Greenwich Village, New York, United States. ... African American music (also called black music, formerly known as race music) is an umbrella term given to a range of musical genres emerging from or influenced by the culture of United States. ... President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . ...

This exploratory process also led many musicians to begin investigating folk music from non-Western cultures—as in the case of Solomon Linda's "Mbube". In each case, these processes of discovery and appropriation were made considerably easier by the increasing availability of LP recordings of "ethnic" music. Solomon Linda (1909 - 8 October, 1962) was a South African Zulu musician, singer and composer who wrote the song Mbube which later became the pop hit The Lion Sleeps Tonight, and gave its name to a style of isicathamiya a cappella popularized by Ladysmith Black Mambazo (Erlmann). ...

This process had a definite cumulative effect, but it is fair to say that, until the late 1960s, "ethnic"/"folkloric" music remained more or less a specialist interest. Some "exotic" influences inevitably filtered through to the mass market—as in the case of "The Lion Sleeps Tonight"—but in general these were mostly Western re-interpretations, and very little original music produced outside of the mainstream Western popular music recording industry managed to break into the pop music market or achieve significant sales until the late 1960s. Mass-marketing is the process of widely marketing a mass-produced item. ... The Lion Sleeps Tonight began as a 1939 African pop hit Mbube that, in modified versions, also became a hit in the US and UK. The song was first recorded by its writer, Solomon Linda, and his group, The Evening Birds, in 1939 under the title Mbube (Zulu for lion...

As noted above, prior to the 60s, many classical musicians and composers had also written and/or performed music that experimented with combining western musical styles and influences from non-Western musical traditions, but this too was essentially an elite 'art' activity and gained little mass recognition.

Mass market acceptance of what we now call "world music" grew dramatically as a result of the pop music explosion of the 1960s and early 1970s. During this period, adventurous pop, rock, progressive and jazz musicians and producers attempted, with varying degrees of success, to create fusions of conventional English-language popular music with instrumental and compositional influences from exotic musical genres. Their interest in these "ethnic" musics, combined with their enormous personal popularity, encouraged a growing number of record buyers to seek out recordings of non-Western music. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

A prototype of this fusion of pop and world music in the late 60's can be seen in the folk rock phenomenon of the mid-1960s. Underlying this development was the fact that many leading American and English pop-rock musicians of the period—Roger McGuinn, Bob Dylan, Jerry Garcia, Donovan—had begun their musical careers on the folk scene. A fusion genre is a music genre which combines two or more other genres. ... Bob Dylans folk-rock album, Blonde on Blonde Folk-rock is a musical genre, combining elements of folk music and rock music. ... James Roger McGuinn (born July 13, 1942) is an American singer-songwriter, who was born as James Joseph McGuinn III in Chicago, Illinois. ... Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman on May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, musician and poet who has been a major figure in popular music for five decades. ... Jerome John Jerry Garcia (August 1, 1942 – August 9, 1995) was the lead guitarist and vocalist of the psychedelic rock band the Grateful Dead. ... Donovan Philips Leitch (usually known simply as Donovan) (born May 10, 1946, in Maryhill, Glasgow) is a Scottish musician. ...

Intrerestingly, although the core of the "folk" genre at this time was traditional Anglo-American folk song, maintream folk music was still appropriating new "non-Anglo" influences like calypso, black South African popular music and even Arabic music. Another notable feature of the folk scene at this time was that it was also common to include African-American music as part of the broader folk genre, and as a result many legendary black American performers like Leadbelly were able to perform side-by-side with white performers like Dylan and Pete Seeger at American folk scene's peak annual event, the Newport Folk Festival. Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music which originated in the British and French colonial islands of the Caribbean at about the start of the 20th century. ... Leadbelly, also known as Lead Belly (born Huddie William Ledbetter; January 20, 1889 (although this is debatable) - December 6, 1949), was an American folk and blues musician, notable for his clear and forceful singing, his virtuosity on the twelve string guitar, and the rich songbook of folk standards he introduced. ... Pete Seeger (1955) Peter Seeger (born May 3, 1919) almost universally known as Pete Seeger, is a folk singer and political activist. ... The Newport Folk Festival is an annual folk-oriented music festival founded in 1959 by George Wein, founder of the already-well-established Newport Jazz Festival, and his partner, Albert Grossman. ...

Folk rock was in part an attempt to broaden the language of mainstream pop by incorporating the more "serious" lyrical approach and political awareness of postwar folk. Folk rock as a genre effectively began in 1964 with the release of The Byrds' electrified cover version of Bob Dylan's "Mr Tambourine Man", in which The Byrds cleverly combined the pop-rock instrumentation and close harmonies made popular by The Beatles with elements of the Anglo-American folk genre. The huge commercial success of The Byrds' version of "Mr Tambourine Man" spawned scores of cash-in imitations, but folk rock continued to expand and diversify over the next few years. 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... The Byrds (formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1964) were an American rock band. ... Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman on May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, musician and poet who has been a major figure in popular music for five decades. ... Mr. ... The Beatles were a highly influential English rock n roll band from Liverpool, Merseyside. ...

English acts such as Donovan, Fairport Convention and Steeleye Span combined pop-rock arrangements with songs, stylings and instruments drawn from traditional English and Celtic folk music, but all were also heavily influenced by Dylan. Alan Stivell (Brittany) began the same work in the mid 60's. Donovan Philips Leitch (usually known simply as Donovan) (born May 10, 1946, in Maryhill, Glasgow) is a Scottish musician. ... Cover of Heyday: BBC Radio Sessions 1968-1969. ... Steeleye Span are a British folk-rock band, formed in 1970 and who remain active in 2006. ... Pop rock is a genre of music that combines elements of both pop and rock. ... Alan Stivell at Lorient Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou January 6, 1944) is a Breton musician from the town of Gourin. ...

Solo guitarist Davey Graham was a notable figure on the British scene; his finger-picking style, his introduction of the so-called "Open D" tuning to British fol guitarists and his groundbreaking incorporations of Arabic and Indian inflexions into his playing influenced many of his contemporaries, including Bert Jansch, Jimmy Page, Donovan and Ray Davies. Hat, released in 1969 Davey Graham (originally Davy Graham, b. ... ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... James Patrick Jimmy Page, OBE (born January 9, 1944) is an English guitarist and producer. ... Donovan Philips Leitch (usually known simply as Donovan) (born May 10, 1946, in Maryhill, Glasgow) is a Scottish musician. ... Ray Davies (2006) Raymond Douglas Davies, CBE (born June 21, 1944 in Muswell Hill, London) is an influential English rock musician, best known as lead singer-songwriter for The Kinks - one of the most influential, prolific and long-lived British Invasion bands - which he led with his younger brother, Dave. ...

Graham's mercurial American counterpart John Fahey also made many innovative solo guitar recordings during this period, which incorporated influences from traditional folk, Hawaiian music, Arabic and Indian music. John Fahey ( February 28, 1939–February 22, 2001) was an American guitarist and composer, and one of the first guitarists to perform solo instrumental steel-string acoustic guitar. ...

In America (and also in Australasia and Canada), pop-rock acts like The Grateful Dead, The Byrds and The Flying Burrito Brothers moved folk rock in a different direction. Drawing on their folk roots, and inspired by the hugely influential late 60's albums by Bob Dylan and The Band, they fused pop and rock with American country music and bluegrass music, creating the genre known as country rock. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Oceania. ... Jerry Garcia later in life The Grateful Dead was an American rock band, which was formed in 1965 in San Francisco from the remnants of another band, Mother McCrees Uptown Jug Champions. ... The Byrds (formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1964) were an American rock band. ... The Flying Burrito Brothers were an early country rock band, best known for their massively influential debut album, 1969s The Gilded Palace of Sin. ... Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman on May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, musician and poet who has been a major figure in popular music for five decades. ... The Band was an influential Canadian-American rock group of the 1960s and 1970s. ... country music, see Country music (disambiguation) Country music, the first half of Billboards country and western music category, is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States. ... Bluegrass music is considered a form of American roots music with its own roots in English, Irish and Scottish traditional music. ... Country rock is a musical genre formed from the fusion of rock and roll with country music. ...

Although these trends in what might be termed "folk-pop-fusion" were all significant in their own way, and they were clearly part of the process of cultural appropriation, such experiments by popular musicians, and the availability of recorded collections of "authentic" performances of English and American folk music, began to lead many curious listeners to explore these genres. This in turn would pave the way for the development of the "world music" concept in later years.

1965–1967: from "Norwegian Wood" to Monterey Pop

Pop musicians first began to move outside the Western tradition in the mid-Sixties, when they started mixing Western electric pop with influences taken from the traditional music of India. Although the results were sometimes risible, this proved to be the most influential fusion of pop and "folk" music of the entire period, specifically because it was the first significant attempt to mix Western popular music with a completely non-Western musical tradition.

Although they were by no means the only people at that time who were following this course, much of the credit for the creation of the World Music genre, and for the rapid expansion of Western mass-audience interest in non-Western music, must be accorded to The Beatles, and especially to their lead guitarist, the late George Harrison. The Beatles were a highly influential English rock n roll band from Liverpool, Merseyside. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

In early 1965, during a tour of America, David Crosby of The Byrds introduced Harrison to the sitar and the traditional classical music of India. Harrison was captivated by the sound of the instrument; he soon became profoundly interested in Indian music, culture and spirituality, and he began taking sitar lessons from renowned Indian sitar virtuoso Ravi Shankar, whom Harrison continued to regard as the "best musician on the planet" long after the 1960's. Image:Http://www. ... The Byrds (formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1964) were an American rock band. ... Pandit Ravi Shankar, Sitar Maestro © www. ...

Harrison's background in African-American music forms had given him a solid grounding in the techniques of improvisation that are central to the genre. Like jazz and blues, the largely improvised nature of Hindustani classical music, its strong reliance on rhythm and percussion, and the extended nature of the raga form were all features that Harrison was able to recognise, appreciate and begin to explore. Philosophically, improvisation often focuses on bringing ones personal awareness into the moment, and on developing a profound understanding for the action one is doing. ... Raga (rāg /राग (Hindi), raga (anglicised from rāgaḥ/रागः (Sanskrit)) or rāgam /ராகம் (Tamil)) are the melodic modes used in Indian classical music. ...

In October 1965 Harrison broke new musical ground when he played a sitar on the Beatles' recording of the John Lennon song "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)", from their 1965 LP Rubber Soul. Other musicians were attempting similar fusions at the time—Brian Wilson, for example, used a koto on one of the songs on his classic Pet Sounds LP, recorded at around the same time—but no other single recording had the instant and worldwide impact of "Norwegian Wood". Premla Shahane playing a sitar, 1927 The sitar (Urdu: ستار, Hindi: सितार) is probably the best-known South Asian instrument in the West. ... Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown) is a song by The Beatles which first appeared on the 1965 album Rubber Soul. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... Rubber Soul is the sixth album by English rock band The Beatles, first released in December 1965. ... Masayo Ishigure plays the koto The koto (Japanese: 箏, Sino-Japanese reading sō; more commonly, though not quite correctly, the character 琴, Sino-Japanese reading kin is used) is a traditional stringed musical instrument from China resembling a zither. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Pet Sounds 40th Anniversary CD+DVD (Limited Edition Fuzzy Package). ...

It was the first time a western pop song had used a sitar in its arrangement, and for many Western listeners it was undoubtedly the first time they ever heard the instrument. In the wake of the song's release, the sitar became the new "in" sound for pop recordings, and an American guitar company even manufactured an electric sitar-guitar designed to simulate the sound of the sitar. One type of Electric sitar (Coral Sitar® by Jerry Jones), with sympathetic strings and a buzz bridge An electric sitar is an amplified electric instrument, based on the traditional South Asian instrument, the sitar. ...

More importantly, "Norwegian Wood" sparked a major craze for the classical music of India in general and for the work of Ravi Shankar in particular, with the direct result that recordings by Shankar and other Indian classical musicians began to sell in large quantities outside India for the first time. The availability of tape recording and the LP were crucial to the popularisation of this particular genre of music, since a typical raga performance could last twenty minutes or more, and popular appreciation of this music would have been impossible without the longer duration and high fidelity provided by the LP format. Raga (rāg /राग (Hindi), raga (anglicised from rāgaḥ/रागः (Sanskrit)) or rāgam /ராகம் (Tamil)) are the melodic modes used in Indian classical music. ...

In 1966 Harrison took his "Indi-psych-pop" synthesis a step further with the highly original song "Love You To" (from the seminal Revolver LP), which featured a sinuous Indian-influenced melody and an innovative arrangement consisting solely of Indian instruments, performed by expatriate Indian musicians living in London. The peak of Harrison's Indian synthesis project was the track "Within You Without You" (1967) from Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, recorded at Studio Two, Abbey Road by Harrison and an ensemble of musicians from the Asian Music Circle in London. Love You To is a song by the Beatles off of the album Revolver. ... For the album by The Haunted, see rEVOLVEr. ... Within You Without You was a song written by George Harrison and recorded with a group of Indian musicians, without any input from his fellow Beatles. ... For other uses, see Sgt. ...

Another obvious trace of Harrison's immersion in Indian music was the fact that "Within You, Without You" also broke new ground (at least in the pop scene) with its length, clocking in at over five minutes. Harrison also recorded in India with Indian instruments and musicians when producing the soundtrack music for the 1968 film Wonderwall; he was given a free reign by the film's director and the music he created was explicitly intended as a sort of "primer" of the styles of Indian instrumental music that Harrison was exploring, but the film did not have a wide release at the time and Harrison's soundtrack remains little known outside the realm of Beatles aficionados. The title of a 1968 movie, by (first-time) director Joe Massot, that starred Jack MacGowran, Jane Birkin, Richard Wattis, Irene Handl, and Iain Quarrier, and featured cameos by Anita Pallenberg and Dutch designers The Fool (who were also set designers for the movie). ...

Although not quite as influential as "Norwegian Wood", the 1965 song "See My Friends" by The Kinks is another significant Western pop song of the period that shows the unmistakable influence of Indian music. In this case, according to writer Ray Davies, the song's arrangement was inspired by a stopover in India during the band's first trip to Australia in 1965, when during an early-morning walk, he heard local fisherman singing a traditional chant, part of which he incorporated into the song's sinuous melody line; Davies' exposure to Hindustani raga music is also evident in the sitar-like quality of the guitar accompaniment. The Kinks were an English rock group, formed in the mid-1960s by Ray Davies and his brother Dave Davies. ... Ray Davies (2006) Raymond Douglas Davies, CBE (born June 21, 1944 in Muswell Hill, London) is an influential English rock musician, best known as lead singer-songwriter for The Kinks - one of the most influential, prolific and long-lived British Invasion bands - which he led with his younger brother, Dave. ...

1967 was a pivotal year for the development of the genre. In June the three-day Monterey International Pop Festival, the world's first rock festival, was held in California, and it was attended by approximately 200,000 people. Alongside the legendary English and American pop and rock acts, the bill also featured black South African jazz trumpeter Hugh Masekela and Ravi Shankar, who opened the climactic Sunday concert, and whose presence at the festival was almost entirely due to the influence of George Harrison. Shankar's performance at Monterey was without question the most important concert of his entire career in the West—it was seen by tens of thousands of people that day, and thanks to the fact that the entire festival was recorded and filmed, millions more around the world heard it on record and/or saw it on film in the years that followed. The Monterey International Pop Music Festival took place from June 16 to June 18, 1967. ... A rock festival, or rock fest, is a large-scale outdoor rock music concert, featuring multiple acts, often spread out over several days. ... Hugh Masekela (born Johannesburg, April 4, 1939) is a South African flugelhorn and cornet player. ... Pandit Ravi Shankar, Sitar Maestro © www. ...

The other major landmark that year was the launch of the hugely influential Nonesuch Explorer Series^[8] by the American Elektra Records label. This first Explorer LP, a collection of Balinese folk music entitled Music From the Morning of the World, launched a growing catalogue of high-fidelity field recordings of the music of other cultures. The Nonesuch Explorer series is now recognised as one of the most important commercial collections of world music and several excerpts from Nonesuch recordings were included on the Voyager Golden Record that was sent into deep space aboard the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 space probes in 1977. Elektra Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, and today operates under Atlantic Records Group. ... This is the current Indonesian Collaboration of the week. ... The Voyager Golden Record. ... Trajectory The Voyager 1 spacecraft is an 815-kilogram unmanned probe of the outer solar system and beyond, launched September 5, 1977, and is currently operational, making it NASAs longest-lasting mission. ... Trajectory Voyager 2 is an unmanned interplanetary spacecraft. ...

1968–1986: Joujouka to Graceland

Brian Jones produces Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka in 1969 a month before his death

In 1968 Rolling Stones guitarist Brian Jones recorded the Master Musicians of Joujouka in the village of Joujouka in northern Morocco. Jones died the following year but the LP was released in 1971 on Rolling Stones Records. Although there was some criticism of the electronic treatments Jones applied to the recordings in post-production, the LP was one of the first recordings released in the pop market that showcased traditional Moroccan music. Image File history File links Brian-Jones-Presents-The-Pipe. ... Image File history File links Brian-Jones-Presents-The-Pipe. ... Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969) was a founding member, lead and rhythm guitarist and backing singer in the English rock group, The Rolling Stones. ... Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka is an album produced by Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones band in 1969 a month before his drowning death. ... This article is about the rock band. ... Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969) was a founding member, lead and rhythm guitarist and backing singer in the English rock group, The Rolling Stones. ... The Master Musicians of Joujouka are a musical ensemble from the village of Joujouka/Jajouka in the Ahl Srif mountains in the southern Rif Mountains of northern Morocco. ... Cover of Hamris Tales of JoujoukaCapra Press 1975 showing Boujeloud/Pan in Joujouka Joujouka (or Jajouka) is a village in the Ahl-Srif mountains in the southern Rif. ... Rolling Stones Records is the record label formed by The Rolling Stones in 1970, after their recording contract with Decca Records expired. ... Morocco is a North African country inhabited mostly by Arabs along with Berbers and other minorities. ...

Another important landmark in the growth of the world music genre, and one which is often overlooked, came in 1970 with the popular Simon & Garfunkel single "El Cóndor Pasa", taken from their multi-platinum selling Bridge Over Troubled Waters LP. The theme was endlessly copied and used all over the world, for instance in parody about downed F117a plane El kondor pada, and many other. Like Harrison's use of sitar, Paul Simon's use of Andean folk instruments (including the pan flute) was a pop music "first". His evocative English-language adaptation of a traditional 18th century Peruvian folk melody by Jorge Michelberg^[9] gave many listeners their first taste of the flavour of Peruvian folk music, and when the song was released as a single it became a hit in many countries, earning a Top Twenty placing (#18) on the American charts. Bridge Over Troubled Water was Simon and Garfunkels last album; the title track was their only number one hit in the United Kingdom. ... El Cóndor Pasa is a Peruvian zarzuela, or musical play, and its more famous title song. ... Bridge Over Troubled Water is an album by Simon and Garfunkel released on January 26, 1970. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... The pan flute (also known as panpipes) is an ancient musical instrument based on the principle of the stopped pipe, consisting usually of ten or more pipes of gradually increasing length (and, at times, girth). ...

Also in 1970, Breton singer and musician Alan Stivell (having already played the Celtic Breton harp on stage as a child, and toured since the mid-sixties) recorded his first professional album ( Reflets ("Reflections"), a fusion of Celtic musics with different new experiments and influences. The originality of this is also Alan Stivell's awareness, prefacing the record as a manifesto of what he called first "Ethno-modern" music, meaning exactly what World Music means for many people since it became fashionable. His instrumental album Renaissance of the Celtic Harp increased the popularity of that instrument, and promoted the fusion of Celtic music with other musics, as did the European best-selling live album recorded at the Paris Olympia (1972). His 1979 Symphonie Celtique mixed Celtic musics with different ethnic cultures, rock, jazz-rock, and especially with a symphonic orchestra and choirs. He continues to experiment with different combinations of these and more electronic elements, especially on 1 Douar ("One Earth") (1998) and Explore (2006). Breton can refer to: The Breton language A person from Brittany Author André Breton This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Alan Stivell at Lorient Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou January 6, 1944) is a Breton musician from the town of Gourin. ... Category: ...

In 1973 Cameroonian jazz musician Manu Dibango scored a surprise worldwide hit with the single "Soul Makossa", a piece considered one of the forerunners of disco. Although Dibango came from a jazz background, the single contained elements drawn from the Cameroonian folk music style known as makossa, and Dibango became one of the very first African musicians to achieve significant success in the mainstream western pop market. "Soul Makossa" also became a prominent example of cultural appropriation, when Michael Jackson "borrowed" 77 seconds of music from Dibango's single and incorporated it into his song "You Gotta Be Starting Something", from the Thriller album, forcing Dibango to take legal action against Jackson. Manu Dibango (born December 12, 1933) is a Cameroonian saxophonist and vibraphone player. ... Soul Makossa is a 1972 single by Cameroonian saxophonist Manu Dibango. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Makossa is a type of music which is most popular in urban areas in Cameroon. ... For other people named Michael Jackson, see Michael Jackson (disambiguation). ... Thriller is an album by pop singer Michael Jackson, released by Epic Records on December 1, 1982. ...

In 1975 there were several important "popular" releases that gained wide recognition and exposed pop audiences to new musical influences. In February, Led Zeppelin released an ambitious "Arab-pop fusion" song, the ten-minute epic "Kashmir", from their Physical Graffiti LP. The song was strongly influenced by composer Jimmy Page's interest in Arabic music. Although its length made it an unlikely hit, the song became a firm famourite on American FM radio stations and was even played on Australian pop radio. Although Led Zeppelin has quite fairly been criticised for their repeated uncredited appropriations of the work of black American blues musicians like Willie Dixon, and while "Kashmir" is a clear example of cultural appropriation, like "El Cóndor Pasa" it did have the positive effect of opening the ears of many fans to a previously unknown realm of non-Western music. For the bands 1969 self-titled debut album, see Led Zeppelin (album) Led Zeppelin were an English rock band, and are one of the most successful groups in popular music history. ... The epic is a broadly defined genre of poetry, and one of the major forms of narrative literature. ... Physical Graffiti is a double album by the English hard rock band Led Zeppelin. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require restructuring. ... FM radio is a broadcast technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that uses frequency modulation to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. ... Willie Dixons style of blues was one of the inspirations for a new generation of music, rock and roll. ...

In November that year Joni Mitchell released her LP The Hissing of Summer Lawns, featuring the innovative track "The Jungle Line", which mixed traditional African drumming and synthesiser. For this recording, Mitchell was accompanied by the musical group The Warrior Drums of Burundi, who were visiting America at the time. Joni Mitchell, CC (born Roberta Joan Anderson on November 7, 1943) is a noted Canadian musician, songwriter, and painter. ... Joni Mitchells November 1975 album The Hissing Of Summer Lawns blends Jonis folk singing experience with Jazz and Rock elements to create a seamlessly integrated vehicle for her deeply emotive poetry. ... The term synthesiser is also used to mean frequency synthesiser, an electronic system found in communications. ...

Two other musical events in 1975 which had a significant impact on the development of World Music can both be largely credited to Marcel Cellier, owner of the Swiss record label Disques Cellier. Marcel Cellier (1925- ) is a Swiss organist, ethnomusicologist and music producer. ...

That year Cellier released the dazzling Le Mystere Des Voix Bulgares, the first volume of an eventual three-album series of recordings of Bulgarian vocal folk music, performed by the Bulgarian State Radio Choir and Trio Bulgarka. In the years that followed, particularly after the album's re-release through the British 4AD Records label, the Bulgarian Voices album became a significant cult hit in many countries and created a huge groundswell of interest in this thrilling form of eastern European folk music, leading to the 1980s collaboration between Trio Bulgarka and acclaimed British singer-songwriter Kate Bush on her 1989 album The Sensual World. A Bulgarian vocal ensemble, previously known as Bulgarka Folk Trio. ... The British indie rock record label 4AD Records was started in 1979 by Ivo Watts-Russell and Peter Kent, funded by Beggars Banquet Records. ... A Bulgarian vocal ensemble, previously known as Bulgarka Folk Trio. ... Catherine Kate Bush (born 30 July 1958, Bexleyheath, Kent, now part of Greater London), is an English singer-songwriter with an expressive three-octave vocal range. ... The Sensual World is Kate Bushs 6th studio album and her 7th release. ...

Cellier's other big hit of 1975 was Flutes De Pan et Orgue ("Pan Flute and Organ"), a 1971 recording of traditional Romanian pan flute music, performed by virtuoso Romanian pan flautist Gheorge Zamfir, and accompanied by Cellier himself on organ. The international vogue for Zamfir's music is largely due to Australian film director Peter Weir. His 1975 film Picnic at Hanging Rock, one of the most successful Australian feature films of the period, featured evocative music from the Cellier disc on the soundtrack, and the film's success created widespread interest in Zamfir and his music. The pan flute (also known as panpipes) is an ancient musical instrument based on the principle of the stopped pipe, consisting usually of ten or more pipes of gradually increasing length (and, at times, girth). ... Gheorghe Zamfir (born April 6th, 1941, in Găeşti, Romania) is a famous Romanian musician who is a virtuoso on the pan flute. ... Gheorghe Zamfir (born April 6, 1941, in Găeşti, Romania) is a famous Romanian musician who is a virtuoso on the pan pipes. ... Peter Weir (born August 21, 1944) is an Australian film director. ... Picnic at Hanging Rock is the title of a 1967 novel by Australian author Joan Lindsay, and the 1975 film adaptation directed by Peter Weir. ...

The popularisation of the album was, ironically, the inadvertent outcome of a frustrated plan. Weir had been introduced to Zamfir's music a few years earlier, and when he began production on Picnic he decided to use pan flute music on the soundtrack; he approached Zamfir to compose original music in the same style, but Zamfir declined, so Weir was obliged to return to the music he had originally heard and licence some of the tracks from the Cellier LP. The irony is that, although it made him internationally famous, Zamfir would have made far more money from the publishing rights if he had composed the original music Weir wanted—since all but one of the tracks on the Cellier LP were credited to the ubiquitous "trad. arr. ...". Soundtrack refers to the recorded sound accompanying a visual medium such as a motion picture, television show, or video game. ...

In 1978, Matthew Montfort formed Ancient Future, an ensemble of 28 members having musical masters of a song traditional to the master's country play the song along with them. Ancient Future blended rhythms, harmonies, and melodies from all across the world and mixed them together along with jazz, rock and other genres of music to combine what became world fusion music. Matthew Montfort is the leader of the world music ensemble Ancient Future. ... Ancient Future is a musical ensemble popular in the world music genre. ... Jazz is a musical art form that originated in New Orleans at around the start of the 20th century. ... Rock is a form of popular music from the mid 20th century which typically features a vocal melody (often with vocal harmony) that is supported by accompaniment of electric guitars, a bass guitar, and drums, often with a strong back beat. ... World fusion music is a fusion genre of world music, blending musical traditions from around the world, and possibly mixing them with modern music such as jazz or rock. ...

Throughout the late 1970s and 1980s, the English film director, Jeremy Marre, travelled the world for his Beats of the Heart series, shown first on the UK's national Channel 4, recording and interviewing so-called world music artists. Jeremy Marre is a television director, writer and producer who founded Harcourt Films. ... Channel 4 is a public-service television broadcaster in the United Kingdom (see British television). ...

Leading up to 1987, another very significant world/pop crossover style that emerged in the 1960s was Jamaican reggae. Several Jamaican music styles that led to reggae, notably blue beat and ska, gained increasing exposure in the pop market in the 1960s. Little Millie Small scored what is probably the first blue beat hit, "My Boy Lollipop" in 1964, and these styles gained a considerable following in the UK, especially in themod and skinhead scenes, thanks to artists like Prince Buster. { Reggae is a music genre developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. ... Blue beat was a name given to Jamaican Rhythm & Blues and Ska music in the United Kingdom in the early and mid 1960s. ... Ska is a type of Jamaican music combining elements of traditional mento and calypso with an American jazz and rhythm and blues sound. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Skinheads, named after their shaven heads, are members of a working class subculture that originated in Britain in the 1960s, where they were heavily influenced by the rude boys of the West Indies and the mods of the UK. In subsequent decades, the skinhead subculture spread to other parts of... Cecil Bustamente Campbell (born May 28, 1938), better known as Prince Buster, is a musician from Kingston, Jamaica and regarded as one of the most important figures in the history of ska and rocksteady music. ...

In the late 1960s, there were several other notable hits that presaged the later popularity of reggae. In 1968, The Beatles enjoyed a major crossover success with Paul McCartney's ska-influenced "Ob-la-di, Ob-la-da", while Desmond Dekker became the first Jamaican musician to score a #1 hit in the UK with the early reggae classic "The Israelites" (1968). In 1972, Johnny Nash scored a major international hit with the reggae-styled "I Can See Clearly Now" (which featured backing by The Wailers) and his follow-up single "Stir It Up" was penned by Bob Marley. The style gained wider popularity that year with the cult success of the Jamaican movie The Harder They Come, which starred reggae musician Jimmy Cliff, who also wrote and performed the soundtrack album. The Beatles appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964 as part of their first tour of the United States, promoting their first hit single there, I Want To Hold Your Hand. ... Desmond Dekker (July 16, 1941 – May 25, 2006), was a Jamaican ska and reggae singer and songwriter. ... John Lester Nash Jr. ... The Wailers (Tacoma, Washington) ; were an American rock band, often considered the first garage rock group. ... Jimmy Cliff, real name James Chambers (born April 1, 1948, in St Catherines, Jamaica) is a Jamaican reggae musician, best known among mainstream audiences for songs like Many Rivers to Cross from The Harder They Come, a film soundtrack which helped break reggae into markets across the world. ...

Reggae is a fascinating example of "crossover" music since it was a distinctive local style that evolved in Jamaica, although its development had been strongly inlfuenced by earlier American soul and R&B. Reggae first became widely popular in the UK thanks to Jamaican-born singer-songwriter Bob Marley, who was one of the genre's main founders and one of its most prolific and consistent songwriters. Its popularity in Britain was greatly assisted by the fact that a large number of black immigrants from the Caribbean had settled in England since the end of World War II, but reggae also became very popular with the new generation of musicians in the punk rock and mew wave music genres of the late 1970s. Bands such as The Clash became enthusiastic champions of the style, as well as appropriating it for their own music. Robert Nesta Marley, OM (February 6, 1945 – May 11, 1981), was a Jamaican singer, songwriter, and guitarist. ... A Kenyan man As applied to Black people, Black can be a political, racial, ethnic, societal or cultural classification. ... World map depicting Caribbean : West Indies redirects here. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... The Clash were an English rock band active from 1976 to 1986. ...

Internationally, the most successful appropriator-adaptors of reggae for mainstream pop audiences was the hugely successful British pop band The Police, who scored a string of hit singles and LPs in the late 1970s and early 1980s with finely-crafted pop songs played in a reggae style, such as "Walking on the Moon". The Police was a three-piece British pop band which was strongly influenced by reggae, and came to prominence in the wake of the punk rock phenomenon and rose to become one of the most popular groups in the world from the late 1970s to the mid- 1980s. ... On July 20, 1969 man first walked on the moon (see the Apollo 11 mission. ...

In 1986, Paul Simon re-emerged as a catalytic figure when he returned to the world music pop fusion concept he had first used on "El Cóndor Pasa" in 1970. His influential, multi-million-selling Graceland album album bore the unmistakable stamp of Simon's recent discovery of South African township music, and he recorded the album with leading South African session musicians and the vocal group Ladysmith Black Mambazo. These musicians performed on the subsequent concert tours, as did two other special guests, exiled South African music legends Miriam Makeba and Hugh Masekela. Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist, half of the folk-singing duo Simon and Garfunkel who continues a successful solo career. ... Graceland is an album released in 1986 by Paul Simon. ... Ladysmith Black Mambazo is a chorus from South Africa that is noted for singing a cappella isicathamiya and mbube music. ... Miriam Makeba performing at the Cape Town Jazz Festival in 2006. ... Hugh Masekela (born Johannesburg, April 4, 1939) is a South African flugelhorn and cornet player. ...

Simon received some criticism for his decision to record in South Africa (which was being economically boycotted by most Western nations for its Apartheid policies) but his championing of township music focussed enormous attention on South Africa and its indigenous musical traditions, as well as the struggle against Apartheid. The success of Graceland was likely directly responsible for a massive upsurge of western interest in the music of southern Africa, as well as making Ladysmith Black Mambazo (whom Simon had first seen on Jeremy Marre's film, Spirits of Resistance) into international stars. Petty apartheid: sign on Durban beach in English, Afrikaans and Zulu (1989) Apartheid (literally apartness in Afrikaans) was a system of racial segregation that was enforced in South Africa from 1948 to 1994. ... Jeremy Marre is a television director, writer and producer who founded Harcourt Films. ...

After 1987: WOMAD and beyond

Graceland - Paul Simon featuring a few South African artists fighting against the apartheid

The origins of the term World Music in relation to the selling of this type of music began in 1982 when World Music Day (Fête de la Musique) was initiated in France. World Music Day is celebrated on 21 June every year since then. On Monday 29 June 1987 a meeting of interested parties gathered to capitalise on the marketing of this genre. Arguably popular interest was sparked with the release in 1986 of Paul Simon's Graceland album. The concept behind the album was to express his own sensibilities using the sounds which he had fallen in love with listening to artists from Southern Africa, including Ladysmith Black Mambazo and Savuka. But this project and the work of Peter Gabriel and Johnny Clegg amongst others had to some degree introduced non-western music to a wider audience and this was an opportunity which could not be ignored. Image File history File links Graceland by Paul Simon This image is the cover of an album or single. ... Image File history File links Graceland by Paul Simon This image is the cover of an album or single. ... Graceland is an album released in 1986 by Paul Simon. ... Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist, half of the folk-singing duo Simon and Garfunkel who continues a successful solo career. ... A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982. ... This article refers to a music festival which began in Europe but which is now international. ... This article refers to a European music festival. ... June 21 is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 193 days remaining. ... June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist, half of the folk-singing duo Simon and Garfunkel who continues a successful solo career. ... Graceland is an album released in 1986 by Paul Simon. ... Ladysmith Black Mambazo is a chorus from South Africa that is noted for singing a cappella isicathamiya and mbube music. ... Savuka was a band formed by English-born South African Johnny Clegg after the disbanding of his first band: Juluka. ... Peter Brian Gabriel (born February 13, 1950, in Chobham, Surrey, England) is an English musician. ... Johnny Clegg on the Rain Man soundtrack Jonathan (Johnny) Clegg, born June 7, 1953 in Rochdale near Manchester, (UK), is a popular musician from South Africa, who has recorded and performed with his bands Juluka and Savuka. ...

Before 1987, although World Music undoubtedly had a following and with this potential market opening up, it was difficult for interested parties to sell their music to the larger music stores; although specialist music stores had been important in developing the genre over many years, the record companies, broadcasters and journalists had been finding it difficult to build a following because the music itself seemed too scarce. They were eyeing the Jazz and Classic markets, watching them develop a cross-over audience and decided that the best way forward would be to collective strategy to bring the music to a wider audience. Jazz is a musical art form that originated in New Orleans at around the start of the 20th century. ...

At the outset of the 1987 meeting, the musician Roger Armstrong advised why something needed to be done; "(He) felt that the main problem in selling our kind of material lay with the UK retail outlets and specifically the fact that they did not know how to rack it coherently. This discouraged them from stocking the material in any depth and made it more difficult for the record buyers to become acquainted with our catalogues."

The first concern of the meetings was to select the umbrella name that this 'new' music would be listed under. Suggestions included 'World Beat' and prefixing words such as 'Hot' or 'Tropical' to existing genre titles, but 'World Music' won after a show of hands, but initially it was not meant to be the title for a whole new genre, rather something which all of the record labels could place on the sleeves of records in order to distinguish them during the forthcoming campaign. It only became a title for the genre after an agreement that despite the publicity campaign, this wasn't an exclusive club and that for the good of all, any label which was selling this type of music would be able to take advantage.

Another issue which needed to be addressed was the distribution methods which existed at the time. Most of the main labels were unhappy with the lack of specialist knowledge displayed by sales persons which led to poor service; there was also a reluctance amongst many of the larger outlets to carry the music, because they understandably liked larger releases which could be promoted within store. It was difficult to justify a large presentation expense if the stock going into stores was limited.

One of the marketing strategies used in the vinyl market at the time was the use of browser cards, which would appear in the record racks. As part of the World Music campaign it was decided that these would be a two colour affair designed to carry a special offer package; to aid the retailer a selection of labels would also be included^[10] Vinyl products (such as these records) come in many colors. ...

In an unprecedented move, all of the World Music labels co-ordinated together and developed a compilation cassette for the cover of the music magazine NME. The overall running time was ninety minutes, each package containing a mini-catalogue showing the other releases on offer. This was a smart move as NME reader are often seen as discerning listeners and it was important step to get them on board. The New Musical Express (better known as the NME) is a music magazine in the UK which has been published weekly since March 1952. ...

By the time of that second meeting it was becoming clear that in order for the campaign to be successful, it should have its own dedicated press officer. They would be able to juggle the various deadlines and also be able to sell the music as a concept to not just the national stations but also regional DJs who were keen to expand the variety of music they could offer. They were seen as a key resource as it was important for 'World Music' to be seen as something which could be important to people outside London - most regions after all had a similarly rich folk heritage which could be tapped into. A cost effective way of achieving all this would be a leafleting campaign. DJ or dj may stand for Disc jockey, dinner jacket The DeadJournal website, or Djibouti. ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ...

The next step was to develop a World Music chart, gathering together selling information from around fifty shops, so that it would finally be possible to see which were big sellers in the genre - allowing new listeners to see what was particularly popular. It was agreed that the NME could again be involved in printing the chart and also Music Week and the London listings magazine City Limits. It was also suggested that Andy Kershaw might be persuaded to do a run down of this chart on his show regularly. Andy Kershaw Andy Kershaw (born Rochdale, Greater Manchester, 1959) is a British broadcaster, known predominantly as a champion of world music. ...

WOMAD logo

And so October of 1987 was designated 'World Music' month. A music festival, 'Crossing the Border' was held at the Town & Country Club, London and it was the start of the winter season for both WOMAD and Arts Worldwide. The main press release stressed the issues inherent in the campaign: Image File history File links Womadlogo. ... Image File history File links Womadlogo. ... World of Music, Arts and Dance (WOMAD) is a festival started in England in 1982. ... World of Music, Arts and Dance (WOMAD) is a festival started in England in 1982. ...

"Since the early Eighties the enthusiasm for music from 'outside' Western pop culture has been steadily mounting. More and more international artists, many of whom are big stars in their own countries, are coming here on tour. They started off, like The Bhundu Boys, playing small clubs and pubs, but now many acts are so popular that they are packing out larger venues.

"The excitement and word-of-mouth appeal is backed up by radio - World of Music on Voice of America, Transpacific Sound Paradise on WFMU, The Planet on Australia's ABC Radio National, DJ Edu presenting D.N.A: DestiNation Africa on BBC Radio 1Xtra, Adil Ray on the BBC Asian Network, Andy Kershaw's show on BBC Radio 3 and Charlie Gillett's show^[11] on the BBC World Service to name but seven... and the demand for recordings of non-Western artists is surely growing. This is where the problems can start for the potential buyer of 'World Music' albums - the High Street record shop hasn't got the particular record, or even a readily identifiable section to browse through, it doesn't show in any of the published charts, and at this point all but the most tenacious give up - and who can blame them?"

Another factor to raise the profile of world music was the founding of the Real World label by Peter Gabriel in 1988. His well-known name brought attention of the artists whose work he released, such as Pakistani qawwali singer Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. The Bhundu Boys are a Zimbabwean band that plays a mixture of chimurenga music with American rock and roll, disco and pop influences. ... The Voice of America (VOA) is the official international broadcasting service of the Government of the United States. ... WFMU-FM is a listener supported, noncommercial radio station in Jersey City, New Jersey, broadcasting at 91. ... The Planet is a Swedish documentary film from 2006 on environmental issues. ... ABC Radio National is an Australia-wide radio network with many various programs, involving news and current affairs, arts, music, society, science, drama, comedy. ... BBC 1Xtra is a UK radio station from the BBC specialising in urban and black music. ... Adil Ray is a British radio and television presenter. ... Asian Network logo BBC Asian Network studio at The Mailbox shopping centre, Birmingham. ... Andy Kershaw Andy Kershaw (born Rochdale, Greater Manchester, 1959) is a British broadcaster, known predominantly as a champion of world music. ... BBC Radio 3 is a domestic UK BBC radio station, which devotes most of its schedule to classical music. ... Charlie Gillett born Feb 20, 1942 is a British radio presenter and writer, and in recent years has become one of the countrys most influential proponents of world music. Gillett began in journalism in 1968 with a weekly column in the Record Mirror. ... The BBC World Service is one of the most widely recognised international broadcasters of radio programming, transmitting in 33 languages to many parts of the world. ... The term Real World or real world may mean: the stage of life that one enters after completing ones schooling, as in the sentence, After students enter the real world, they may not be able to sleep late as often as they did while in school. ... Peter Brian Gabriel (born February 13, 1950, in Chobham, Surrey, England) is an English musician. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Qawwali (Arabic: قوٌالی ) is the devotional music of the Sufis. ... Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (Urdu: نصرت فتح علی خان) (October 13, 1948 - August 16, 1997), a world-renowned Pakistani musician, was primarily a singer of Qawwali, the devotional music of the Sufis, a mystical sect of Islam. ...

Today, mainstream music has adopted many of the features of world music, and artists such as Shakira and the members of the Buena Vista Social Club have reached a much wider audience. At the same time world music has been influenced by hip hop, pop and jazz. Even heavy metal bands such as Tool and Nile have incorporated world music into their own. Some entertainers who cross over to recording from film and television will often start with World music; Steven Seagal is a recent example. Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll (born February 2, 1977), known simply as Shakira, is a Colombian Latin pop singer-songwriter. ... The Buena Vista Social Club was the name of a members-only music club in Havana, Cuba that was at its height during the 1940s. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Jazz is a musical art form that originated in New Orleans at around the start of the 20th century. ... Tool is an American progressive rock band, formed in 1990 in Los Angeles, California, when drummer Danny Carey joined the rehearsal of his neighbor, singer Maynard James Keenan, guitarist Adam Jones and bassist Paul dAmour, when nobody else would show up. ... Nile is a death metal band from South Carolina, USA assembled in 1993. ... Songs from the Crystal Cave is a 2005 album by Steven Seagal, his first. ...

World music radio programs these days will often be playing African hip hop or reggae artists, crossover Bhangra and Latin American jazz groups, etc. Public radio and webcasting are an important way for music enthusiasts all over the world to hear the enormous diversity of sounds and styles which, collectively, amount to World Music. The BBC, NPR, and ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) are rich sources for World Music where it is possible to listen online as well as read about the artists and history of this genre. World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second_largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ... { Reggae is a music genre developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. ... In music, crossover is a term used to describe material borrowed from a different style or genre and whose popularity crosses the considered boundaries of styles or genres. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... Public broadcasting (also known as public service broadcasting or PSB) is the dominant form of broadcasting around the world, where radio, television, and potentially other electronic media outlets receive funding from the public. ... A webcast is similar in intent to a broadcast television program but designed for internet transmission. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, invariably known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world, employing 26,000 staff in the UK alone and with a budget of £4 billion. ... Offical NPR logo National Public Radio (NPR) is an independent, private, non-profit membership organization of public radio stations in the United States. ... The Australian Broadcasting Corporation or ABC (formerly the Australian Broadcasting Commission) is Australias national non-profit public broadcaster. ...

Criticisms of the genre

Some musicians and curators of music have come to dislike the term "world music". To these critics, "world music" is a parochial, catchall marketing term for non-western music of all genres. On October 3, 1999, David Byrne, the founder of the Luaka Bop music label, wrote an editorial in The New York Times explaining his objections to the term. Byrne argued that the labeling and categorization of other cultures as "exotic" serves to attract an insincere consumership and deter other potential consumers. Some critics of the term propose eliminating the category and integrating the records into existing "western" genres, such as folk, pop, jazz, classical, or hip hop. October 3 is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... David Byrne (born May 14, 1952 in Dumbarton, Scotland) is a musician best known as a founding member and the principal songwriter of the New Wave band Talking Heads. ... Luaka Bop is the world music label established by David Byrne, former guitarist and songwriter for the punk rock/new wave band Talking Heads. ... The New York Times is a newspaper published in New York City by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. ...

Awards for World Music 2005

Main article: World music (Awards)

World music awards are awards presented by broadcasting organizations such as the BBC and others to World music artists. The BBC presents awards every year. The hosts for the Awards for World Music 2005 Poll Winners' Concert were Eliza Carthy and Benjamin Zephaniah. World music awards are awards presented by broadcasting organizations such as the BBC and others to World music artists. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, invariably known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world, employing 26,000 staff in the UK alone and with a budget of £4 billion. ... Eliza Carthy born August 23, 1975. ... Benjamin Obadiah Iqbal Zephaniah is a British Rastafarian writer and dub poet, and is well known in contemporary English literature. ...

Festivals

There are many World Music festivals and jazz/folk/roots/new age crossover events. A small selection is represented here:

• The California World Music Festival is held each July at the Nevada County Fairgrounds.
• FloydFest in Floyd, Virginia, USA. Has featured artists from a wide diversity of styles including Ani DiFranco, Geno Delafose & French Rockin' Boogie, Trumystic, Nickel Creek and Akoya Afrobeat Enemble.
• The Finger Lakes GrassRoots Festival of Music and Dance in Trumansburg, New York, USA. Has featured artists from a variety of world and ethnic music genres including Tinariwen, Thomas Mapfumo, Michael Franti, D'Gary, Boubacar Traore, Mamadou Diabate, and many more from around the world.
• The WOMAD Foundation puts on festivals in different countries all around the world and which have last year included artists such as Youssou N'Dour, Robert Plant and Jaojoby[2].
• The Festival in the Desert takes place every year at Essakane, near Timbuktu, in Mali, West Africa and has achieved international status in spite of the difficulties of reaching its location. [3] [4]
• Stern Grove festival is a San Francisco celebration of musical and cultural diversity. Examples: Lucinda Williams, John Doe, Ojos de Brujo, O-Maya, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, the Funk Brothers and also symphony orchestras and operatic stars.
• The German World Music Festival der Klangfreunde takes place every first weekend of August, at Schlosspark Loshausen. Klangfreunde e. V. is a Non-profit organization

Nevada County is the name of several counties in the United States: Nevada County, Arkansas Nevada County, California This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Floydfest is a world music and arts festival held annually in Floyd County, Virginia, situated in the Blue Ridge Mountains. ... Floyd is a town located in Floyd County, Virginia. ... Ani DiFranco (IPA: É‘-ni) (born Angela Marie Difranco on September 23, 1970) is a singer, guitarist, and songwriter. ... Nickel Creek is a Grammy Award-winning American acoustic music trio with roots in bluegrass, which is now sometimes described as progressive bluegrass or progressive acoustic. ... The Finger Lakes GrassRoots Festival of Music and Dance is an annual festival held the second-to-last weekend of July in Trumansburg, New York, a small town ten miles north of Ithaca. ... Trumansburg is a village in Tompkins County, New York, United States. ... Tinariwen Tinariwen (Tamashek for empty places) is a musical band formed in 1982 in Moammar al-Qadhafis camps of Tuareg rebels. ... Thomas Mapfumo is a Zimbabwean musician known as The Lion of Zimbabwe for his immense popularity and for the political influence he wields through his music. ... Michael Franti publicity photo Michael Franti (born April 21, 1966, in Oakland, California) is an American poet, musician, and composer. ... Boubacar Traoré Boubacar Traoré (born 1942 in Kayes, Mali) is a renowned singer, songwriter, and guitarist. ... World of Music, Arts and Dance (WOMAD) is a festival started in England in 1982. ... Youssou NDour Youssou NDour (born October 1, 1959 in Dakar) is a Senegalese singer. ... Robert Anthony Plant (born August 20, 1948, West Bromwich, West Midlands) is an English rock singer, most famous for his membership in the rock band Led Zeppelin, but also for his successful solo career. ... Eusèbe Jaojoby, born July 29, 1955 in Amboangibe, is a Salegy singer from the Sakalava area of Madagascar who has the reputation of being the King of Salegy. [1][2] He is generally known by his surname, Jaojoby. ... The Festival au Désert (Desert Music Festival) is an annual concert in Essakane, Mali, showcasing traditional Tuareg music as well as music from around the world. ... Essakane is an oasis town in the northern part of Mali. ... The city of Timbuktu ( Archaic English: Timbuctoo, Koyra Chiini: Tumbutu, French: Tombouctou) is a city in Mali, West Africa. ...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Lucinda Williams Lucinda Williams (born January 26, 1953) is an American rock, folk, and country music singer and songwriter. ... In the United States, the name John Doe is typically used as a placeholder name for a male party in a legal action or legal discussion whose true identity is unknown or is intended to be anonymous. ... Ojos de Brujo (Wizards eyes in Spanish) is an eight-piece band from Barcelona, who describe their style as hiphop flamenkillo (hip-hop with a little flamenco) [1]. The band sold over 100,000 copies of their self-produced Barí album, and has received several awards, among these the... Ladysmith Black Mambazo is a chorus from South Africa that is noted for singing a cappella isicathamiya and mbube music. ... The Funk Brothers were the house band at Detroits Motown Records from 1959 to 1972, when the company moved to Los Angeles. ... Orchestra at City Hall (Edmonton). ... The Teatro alla Scala in Milan. ... A nonprofit organization (abbreviated NPO, or non-profit or not-for-profit) is an organization whose primary objective is to support some issue or matter of private interest or public concern for non-commercial purposes. ...

Music labels

• Luaka Bop, David Byrne's music label
• New Earth Records
• Putumayo World Music
• Real World Records, Peter Gabriel's music label
• Dancing Turtle Records
• Rough Guide series
• Folkways series
• Primary Music
• Crammed Discs
• Rootsy Records

Luaka Bop is the world music label established by David Byrne, former guitarist and songwriter for the punk rock/new wave band Talking Heads. ... David Byrne (born May 14, 1952 in Dumbarton, Scotland) is a musician best known as a founding member and the principal songwriter of the New Wave band Talking Heads. ... New Earth Records is an independent record label focusing primarily on New Age Music and World Music. ... Putumayo World Music is a record label established by Dan Storper in 1993, specializing in upbeat international music. ... Real World Records was formed by Peter Gabriel in the late 1980s. ... Peter Brian Gabriel (born February 13, 1950, in Chobham, Surrey, England) is an English musician. ... Rough Guides Ltd is a large travel guidebook and reference publisher, owned by Pearson PLC. Their travel titles cover more than 200 destinations, and are distributed worldwide through the Penguin Group. ... Folkways Records is the name of a record label founded by Moses Asch. ... Primary Music is an Israeli independent record label (Indie), specializing in World Music, New Age, Lounge and Ambient. ... Crammed Discs is an independent record label specializing in world music, pop, and electronica. ... Founded in 1999 by Jeremy Chevrier in San Francisco, California, Rootsy Records is an independent record label dedicated to djembe drumming and its cultural preservation. ...

See also

• List of cultural and regional genres of music
• Crossover (music)
• New age music
• Global Rhythm
• Deep Forest

Cultural genres By race, ethnicity or origin Afrikaner Afro-Caribbean African American: blues, gospel, soul, funk, jazz, rock n roll, hip hop Ainu: yukar Andean: nueva cancion Arab: classical Arab music, rai, sout, gnawa, al-jil, chaabi Ashkenazi Jewish: klezmer Australian Aborigine: didgeridoo, Aboriginal rock Basque: trikitrixa, bersolari, shawm and... In music, crossover is a term used to describe material borrowed from a different style or genre and whose popularity crosses the considered boundaries of styles or genres. ... New Age music, is a vaguely defined style of music that is generally quite melodic and often primarily instrumental. ... Global Rhythm is a monthly music and lifestyle magazine featuring coverage of world music, film, cuisine and travel. ... Deep Forest is a musical group consisting of two French musicians, Eric Mouquet and Michel Sanchez. ...

Notes and sources

1. ^ Bohlman 2002, Nidel 2004, p.3
2. ^ fRoots magazine, quoted in N'Dour 2004, p.1
3. ^ Songlines magazine
4. ^ Nidel 2004, p.2
5. ^ Dean, Bartholomew. "digital vibes & radio waves in indigenous Peru." In Latin Indigenous Intellectual Property Rights: Legal Obstacles and Innovative Solutions M. Riley (ed.) 2004, [1]
6. ^ filomusica.com/filo48/java.html
7. ^ See http://www.bobshannon.com/stories/Lion.html and http://www.3rdearmusic.com/forum/mbube2.html for more information about Solomon Linda and the "Wimoweh" story
8. ^ nonesuch.com/Hi Band/explorer home.html
9. ^ notated in 1916 by Peruvian composer Daniel Alomía Robles
10. ^ presumably for shelf or rack edging.
11. ^ bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/wmusic

Songlines - the British based world music magazine featuring the greatest artists in the current music scene on the web at [Songlines http://www. ...

Bibliography

• Bohlman, Philip (2002). World Music: A Very Short Introduction, "Preface". ISBN 0-19-285429-1.
• Manuel, Peter (1988). Popular Musics of the Non-Western World: An Introductory Survey. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505342-7.
• N'Dour, Youssou. "Foreward" to Nickson, Chris (2004). The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to World Music. ISBN 0-399-53032-0.
• Nidel, Richard (2004). World Music: The Basics. ISBN 0-415-96801-1.

External links

• Regional and Ethnic Music at the Open Directory Project
• World Music at About.com
• Afropop Worldwide
• BBC 1Xtra audio documentaries
• National Geographic World Music
• Thai-Maori Musical Exchange Project