This article or section contains information about expected future buildings or structures. Some or all of this information may be speculative, and the content may change as building construction begins.

In August 2006, the World Trade Center Memorial Foundation and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey began construction on the Memorial and Museum. The Memorial will be located at the World Trade Center site on the building footprint of the two destroyed towers. It is the winning proposal of the World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition. The original design concept was submitted by Michael Arad, an architect for the New York City Housing Authority. The initial design called for almost no trees or vegetation. This design had been criticized as too severe. Subsequently Peter Walker, a landscape architect from Berkeley, California, was hired to plant vegetation to soften it. Image File history File links Gnome_globe_current_event. ... Image File history File links Applications-development. ... Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... For the building in Miami, Florida of the same name, see Freedom Tower (Miami). ... A rendering of the new World Trade Center as completed. ... A rendering of the new World Trade Center as completed. ... A rendering of the new World Trade Center as completed. ... The unofficially named World Trade Center Tower 5 is a proposed building in New York City. ... 7 World Trade Center, a building in New York City, is located across from the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan. ... The International Freedom Center (IFC) was a proposed museum to be located adjacent to the site of Ground Zero at the former Twin Towers in New York City, US. It was selected in 2004 to comprise a cultural space near to the memorial for victims of the September 11, 2001... The Drawing Center is a museum and educational center located in Lower Manhattan in New York City (USA). ... Late-night and weekend service: The World Trade Center PATH station, originally opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal. ... Image File history File links Wtcm-logo. ... The World Trade Center site destruction, 2001 The World Trade Center site is the 16-acre (6. ... The World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition was an open, international memorial contest, initiated by the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC), as per the specifications of architect Daniel Libeskind, to design a World Trade Center Site Memorial (later renamed the World Trade Center Memorial) on a portion of the reconstructed... Michael Arad is an Israeli citizen and architect who was selected to design the World Trade Center Memorial in New York City. ... NYCHA, Sheepshead Houses The New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) provides housing for low and moderate income residents throughout the five boroughs of New York City. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Landscape architecture. ... Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in northern California, in the United States. ...

The design is consistent with the original Daniel Libeskind master plan that called for the memorial to be 30 feet below street level (originally 70 feet) in a piazza. The design was the only finalist to throw out Libeskind's requirement that buildings overhang the footprints. Daniel Libeskind in front of his extension to the Denver Art Museum. ... A piazza is an open square in a city, often used as a marketplace, found in Italy. ...

A memorial was planned in the immediate aftermath of the attacks and destruction of the World Trade Center to remember both the victims and those involved in rescue. The World Trade Center Memorial Foundation is a non-profit corporation that collects donations for the memorial. For other uses, see World Trade Center (disambiguation). ...

A view of the World Trade Center Memorial

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,280 × 960 pixels, file size: 567 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) got this pic from my bitch Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,280 × 960 pixels, file size: 567 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) got this pic from my bitch Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free...

Design

This is the original Michael Arad design board submitted in the World Trade Center Memorial Design competition. The original concept which is very stark was softened later with trees by landscape designer Peter Walker. During the first stage of the competition, each design team submitted a poster board containing visuals of its concept. As in this example, the submittal contained a blind-judging registration number (upper right), and was not permitted to include the name of the design team or its members.

The memorial consists of a park at street level, with, in the footprints of the two destroyed towers, two recessed square pools with the water level 30 feet (9m) below street level, fed by waterfalls along the walls. At the centers of the pools are square parts which are further recessed, and in which the water flows. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1766x2360, 586 KB) Summary Michael Arad Original Memorial Design http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1766x2360, 586 KB) Summary Michael Arad Original Memorial Design http://www. ... Peter Walker, Baron Walker of Worcester, PC (born 1932), was Conservative MP for Worcester between March 1961 and April 1992, and the founder of the Tory Reform Group. ...

Visitors can descend to an underground memorial space around the pool, behind the waterfall; through a curtain of water they can look at the pool. Surrounding the pool, between the visitors and the waterfall, is a low stone parapet. According to the original plan the names of the victims would be inscribed in it, in random order (visitors could locate a particular name with the help of on-site staff or a printed directory), but according to a recent proposal the list of names is at street level. This has the advantage that it can be seen all day, as opposed to the original plan, which would only allow the names to be viewable when the indoor section of the memorial is open to the public. A parapet is a barrier at the edge of a roof or structure to prevent persons or vehicles from falling over the edge. ...

The memorial spaces around the two pools are connected by a passageway.

The memorial itself is planned to be free of charge.

In addition there will be a World Trade Center Memorial Museum, also underground. For this there may be an admission fee, but not for immediate family members of victims and 9/11 first responders.^[1] Earlier plans for an International Freedom Center have been abandoned. The International Freedom Center (IFC) was a proposed museum to be located adjacent to the site of Ground Zero at the former Twin Towers in New York City, US. It was selected in 2004 to comprise a cultural space near to the memorial for victims of the September 11, 2001...

Design Competition

Main article: World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition

In spring 2003, the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) launched an international competition to design a memorial at the World Trade Center site to commemorate the lives lost in the September 11, 2001 attacks that destroyed the World Trade Center towers. The World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition was an open, international memorial contest, initiated by the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC), as per the specifications of architect Daniel Libeskind, to design a World Trade Center Site Memorial (later renamed the World Trade Center Memorial) on a portion of the reconstructed... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) was formed after the September 11 attacks to plan the reconstruction of Lower Manhattan and distribute nearly $10 billion in federal funds aimed at rebuilding downtown Manhattan. ... The World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition was an open, international memorial contest, initiated by the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC), as per the specifications of architect Daniel Libeskind, to design a World Trade Center Site Memorial (later renamed the World Trade Center Memorial) on a portion of the reconstructed... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

5,201 individuals and teams from the United States and from around the world contributed design proposals. The 5,201 World Trade Center Memorial proposals were authored by people from all walks of life, and reflected a wide range of approaches to the memorial. 5,201 people from around the world submitted proposals to the design competition for the World Trade Center Memorial. ...

On November 19, 2003, the thirteen-member jury, which included Maya Lin, designer of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, and Deputy Mayor Patricia Harris, selected eight finalists. Reflecting Absence was chosen as the winning design on January 6, 2004. On January 14, 2004, the final design for the World Trade Center site memorial was revealed in a press conference at Federal Hall in New York. is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Visitors at Vietnam Veterans Memorial Maya Ying Lin (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; born October 5, 1959) is an American artist who has become known for her work in sculpture and landscape art. ... The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is a national war memorial located in Washington, D.C., that honors members of the U.S. armed forces who had died in service or are unaccounted for during the Vietnam War. ... The Deputy Mayor of a community is the number two official to the mayor. ... Categories: 1924 births | 1985 deaths | U.S. Secretaries of Health and Human Services | U.S. Secretaries of Health, Education, and Welfare | People stubs ... is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Federal Hall, once located at 26 Wall Street in New York City, was the first capitol of the United States. ... This article is about the state. ...

World Trade Center Memorial Foundation, Inc.

The World Trade Center Memorial Foundation, Inc., was formed as a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation to raise funds and manage the planning and construction of the memorial. Its board of directors had its inaugural meeting on January 4, 2005. 501(c)(3) is a provision of the US tax code that provides exempt status, for Federal income tax purposes, for some non-profit organizations in the United States (see 26 U.S.C. Â§ 501(c)(3)). The term refers to: Section 501. ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Foundation is a subsidiary of the Empire State Development Corporation which is a state authority used to build various projects in the state but does not require Legislative or voter approval. The Urban Development Corporation (doing business as the Empire State Development Corporation) is a public authority of the state of New York in the United States. ...

The foundation is planning to raise $500 million to $1 billion (US) to build not only the memorial, but also the memorial museum.

Mission statement

• Remember and honor the thousands of innocent men, women, and children murdered by terrorists in the horrific attacks of February 26, 1993 and September 11, 2001.
• Respect this place made sacred through tragic loss.
• Recognize the endurance of those who survived, the courage of those who risked their lives to save others, and the compassion of all who supported us in our darkest hours.
• May the lives remembered, the deeds recognized, and the spirit reawakened be eternal beacons, which reaffirm respect for life, strengthen our resolve to preserve freedom, and inspire an end to hatred, ignorance and intolerance.^[2]

For the second attack on the World Trade Center in 2001, see September 11, 2001 attacks. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly...

Formidable fundraising responsibilities

The Foundation has formidable fundraising responsibilities because of the tasks assigned to it by the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC). The Foundation is to own, operate and finance: The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) was formed after the September 11 attacks to plan the reconstruction of Lower Manhattan and distribute nearly $10 billion in federal funds aimed at rebuilding downtown Manhattan. ...

• World Trade Center Memorial — The formal Reflecting Absence memorial designed by Michael Arad and Peter Walker.
• World Trade Center Museum — A museum to tell the story of the events and which is slated to be below street level.
• World Trade Center Performing Arts Theater — A performing arts theater to the north of the memorial to be sandwiched between the Freedom Tower and the World Trade Center (PATH station).

The Foundation at its very first meeting asked the National Park Service to take over and pay for the memorial once it was built. Currently, there are no plans for the federal government to operate the memorial. Michael Arad is an Israeli citizen and architect who was selected to design the World Trade Center Memorial in New York City. ... Peter Walker, Baron Walker of Worcester, PC (born 1932), was Conservative MP for Worcester between March 1961 and April 1992, and the founder of the Tory Reform Group. ... For the building in Miami, Florida of the same name, see Freedom Tower (Miami). ... Late-night and weekend service: The World Trade Center PATH station, originally opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal. ... The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ...

John C. Whitehead was chairman of both LMDC and the World Trade Center Memorial Foundation. He announced his resignation in May 2006. Former LMDC President Kevin Rampe will become chairman of the LMDC. As of May 2006, Whitehead's replacement as chairman of the World Trade Center Memorial Foundation was not named. John Cunningham Whitehead (b. ... A Chairman is the presiding officer of a meeting, organization, committee, or other deliberative body. ... The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC} was formed after the September 11 attacks to plan the reconstruction of Lower Manhattan and distribute nearly $10 billion in federal funds aimed at rebuilding downtown Manhattan. ... A World Trade Center Memorial was planned in the immediate aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks and destruction of the World Trade Center to mourn the victims and honor the heros of that day. ... May 2006 : ← - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → May 1, 2006 (Monday) Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association outraged Vatican by planning to ordain another bishop, Liu Xinhong in Anhui Province. ... For other uses, see May (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Fundraising suspended

Thomas S. Johnson, chairman of the foundation's executive committee announced on May 9, 2006: Thomas S. Johnson is an American banker. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On May 26, 2006, Gretchen Dykstra resigned as President and Chief Executive Officer of the World Trade Center Foundation. ^[4] The current President and CEO of the Foundation, Joseph C. Daniels, was appointed in October 2006 ^[5] is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The memorial projects were eventually toned down, and the budget was cut to $510 million.^[6]

Criticism of Reflecting Absence

Rendering of one of the twin tower footprints in "Reflecting Absence".

While the memorial initially received good reviews it has had its share of critics who say it will be too expensive, too complicated, or aesthetically untenable. Among the problems: Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x1179, 2826 KB) Summary Source: http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x1179, 2826 KB) Summary Source: http://www. ...

• Water falling mimics motion of collapse — The endless downward thundering of the 200-foot-square waterfalls would precisely mimic the motion of the original buildings' collapse — as if the Twin Towers never stopped falling, and never will.
• Waterfalls in winter — A mock up of the memorial was built in Toronto to find ways to keep the waterfalls from freezing in winter. The result was that there was no practical, cost effective way to do so. An outcry arose after officials said they would turn the waterfalls off in the winter, prompting a pledge to keep them heated and running.
• Cost — Current estimates place the cost of just the memorial to be US $500 million which would make it by far the most expensive memorial in world history. Plans for additional buildings including a museum and performing arts center could push the cost to more than $1 billion. It is estimated it will cost at least US $40 million a year to operate. The dollar estimates came from Mayor Michael Bloomberg when he criticized the memorial in February 2006 as too complicated and too expensive.
• Below ground orientation — The memorial will in effect be in a building below ground level. Some families as well as fire and police organizations are now saying they want a memorial built above ground.
• Inaccurate dimensions — The memorial originally was supposed to fit the exact dimensions of the footprints. However, because of technical considerations the memorial pools will be 30 feet shorter on each side.
• Presentation of names — The representatives of the New York City Fire Department and New York City Police Department insist that the names of their officers appear apart from the civilian victims and in addition to the name, indicate service, badge, rank, and assignment. An example would be :"FF. Michael F. Lynch, Badge No. 2315, Engine 40-Ladder 35, on rotation from Engine 62-Ladder 32."^[7]

Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born 14 February 1942) is an American businessman, founder of Bloomberg L.P., and the current Mayor of New York City. ... The New York City Fire Department or the Fire Department of New York (FDNY) has the responsibility for protecting the citizens and property of New York Citys five boroughs from fires and fire hazards, providing emergency medical services, technical rescue as well as providing first response to biological, chemical... The New York City Police Department (NYPD) was created in 1845 and currently is the largest municipal police force in the world with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation within the five boroughs of New York City. ...

Construction commences

On March 13, 2006, at 8:00 AM New York time, construction workers arrived at the WTC site to commence work on the Reflecting Absence design. On that same day, relatives of the victims and other concerned citizens gathered to protest the new memorial, stating that the memorial should be built above ground. The president of the memorial foundation, however, has stated that family members were consulted and formed a consensus in favor of the current design, and that work will continue as planned.^[8][9] is the 72nd day of the year (73rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In May 2006 it was disclosed that the estimated construction costs for the Memorial had risen to over $1 billion (USD).^[10]

"Mayor Michael Bloomberg said the costs of building the Sept. 11 memorial are skyrocketing and must be capped at $500 million. 'There's just not an unlimited amount of money that we can spend on a memorial,' Bloomberg said. Any figure higher than $500 million to build the memorial to the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks would be "inappropriate", even if the design has to be changed, he said.' " Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born 14 February 1942) is an American businessman, founder of Bloomberg L.P., and the current Mayor of New York City. ...

At $1 billion, it would approach the cost of the World Trade Center for which construction was completed in 1970 in nominal dollar terms.

Withdrawn proposals

Two centers were proposed and withdrawn from the World Trade Center Memorial plan in 2005:

• The International Freedom Center — a "think tank" which was intended to draw attention to the battles for freedom through the ages. World Trade Center Memorial Foundation member Debra Burlingame wrote in the Wall Street Journal that the center would have a mission that had nothing to do directly with the events of September 11 and could potentially criticize American policies. ^[11] Blogs and commentators heavily criticized the center until Governor George Pataki withdrew support for it.
• The Drawing Center Art Gallery at the World Trade Center - Plans called for the Freedom Center to share its space with the Drawing Center in a building called the "Cultural Center." The New York Daily News ran a series of articles questioning whether its exhibits would be appropriate at Ground Zero based on the gallery's previous exhibits in its small Soho quarters.

The International Freedom Center (IFC) was a proposed museum to be located adjacent to the site of Ground Zero at the former Twin Towers in New York City, US. It was selected in 2004 to comprise a cultural space near to the memorial for victims of the September 11, 2001... This article is about the institution. ... Deborah (Debra) Burlingame (born 1954) is the sister of Charles Chic Burlingame III, the pilot of the American Airlines Flight 77 that was crashed into the Pentagon on 9/11. ... The Wall Street Journal is an influential international daily newspaper published in New York City, New York with an average daily circulation of 1,800,607 (2002). ... It has been suggested that Online diary be merged into this article or section. ... George Elmer Pataki (born June 24, 1945) is an American politician who was the 57th Governor of New York serving from January 1995 until January 1, 2007. ... The Drawing Center is a museum and educational center located in Lower Manhattan in New York City (USA). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Cast-iron architecture in Greene Street SoHo is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan. ...

See also

• Take Back The Memorial, a group advocating that the memorial's sole focus be the September 11, 2001 attacks
• Freedom Tower

Take Back The Memorial (TBTM) is the name of the organization started by blogger Robert Shurbetand inspired by Debra Burligame, sister of Charles Chic Burlingame III, captian of American Airlines Flight 77 which was crashed into the Pentagon. ... For the building in Miami, Florida of the same name, see Freedom Tower (Miami). ...

Other 9/11 memorials

• Flight 93 National Memorial, Shanksville, Pennsylvania (proposed)
• Pentagon Memorial (under construction)
• Tribute in Light, WTC site (temporary/periodic performance)
• 9/11 Memorial (Arizona)
• Tear of Grief
• Garden of Remembrance, Boston, Massachusetts

Flight 93 National Memorial protects the site of the crash of hijacked United Airlines Flight 93, whose passengers and crew perished in the September 11, 2001 attacks, in Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania, about 2 miles north of Shanksville, Pennsylvania and 60 miles southeast of Pittsburgh. ... Main Street in Shanksville. ... Rendering of Pentagon Memorial. ... Manhattan from Jersey City on the 2002 memorial of the September 11 attacks. ... The 9/11 Memorial in Arizona is a state memorial to the events and aftermath of September 11, 2001 located at the Wesley Bolin Memorial Plaza near the State Capitol in Phoenix, Arizona. ... Tear of Grief is a 10-story high sculpture by Zurab Tsereteli that was given as an official gift of the Russian government and placed on The Peninsula at Bayonne Harbor as a memorial to those that died in the September 11th terrorist attacks. ... This memorial in England lists the names of soldiers who died in the First World War. ... Boston redirects here. ...

References

is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Newsday is a daily tabloid-size newspaper that primarily serves Long Island and the New York City borough of Queens, although it is sold throughout the New York City metropolitan area. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 159th day of the year (160th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• The Reflecting Absence page on the official website for the World Trade Center site memorial
• Announcement of the formation of World Trade Center Memorial Foundation, Inc. with photos of members
• Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC)-World Trade Center Memorial
• The World Trade Center Memorial Foundation, Inc. Official site
• The Garden Steps
• Memorial Design Update (video)
• Save the Facades Group that wants to add the salvaged WTC facades to the Reflecting Absence memorial
• The WTC Site Memorial Independent research paper on the WTC Memorial's design and construction so far