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Anti-War topics Anti war protest in Melbourne, Australia, 2003 Anti_war is a name that is widely adopted by any social movement or person that seeks to end or oppose a future or current war. ...
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Image File history File links Peace_Sign. ...
Opposition to a perceived risk of a military attack on Iran by the United States is known to have started during 2005-2006. ...
This article is about opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the Iraq War from outside Iraq. ...
It has been suggested that Post-September 11 anti-war movement be merged into this article or section. ...
Criticism of the War on Terrorism addresses the issues, morals, ethics, efficiency, and other questions surrounding the War on Terrorism. ...
State Parties to the Ottawa Treaty The International Campaign to Ban Landmines is a coalition of non-governmental organizations whose goal is to abolish the production and use of anti-personnel mines. ...
Opposition to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War began slowly and in small numbers in 1964 on various college campuses in the United States. ...
Despite lack of reporting on this, some military personnel and civilians staunchly opposed fighting the Nazis and Fascists during World War II. One key objector who would later write a novel on this was the author of Catch-22 who did not want to lose his life even if it...
The First World War was mainly opposed by left-wing groups, there was also opposition by Christain groups baised on pacifism The trade union and socialist movements had declared before the war their determined opposition to a war which they said could only mean workers killing each other in the...
Opposition to the Second Boer War began slowly but grew due in part to organisations like the Stop the War Committee. ...
Link titleAnti-war Popular opposition to the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865, was widespread. ...
Opposition to the War of 1812 was widespread in the United States, especially in New England. ...
It is widely stated that before American Revolutionary War, 1/3 of the people in the colonies favored independence, 1/3 wanted to be part of Britain, and 1/3 didnt care. ...
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In order to facilitate organized opposition to war, anti-war activists have often founded anti-war organizations. ...
John T. Neufeld was a WWI conscientious objector sentenced to 15 years hard labour in the military prison at Leavenworth. ...
Their actions were criminal offences and once they had left the country draft dodgers could not return or they would be arrested. ...
A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war (or all wars), minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or type of situation, often linked to the goal of achieving world peace. ...
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Pacifism This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Antimilitarism is a doctrine commonly found in the anarchist and socialist movement, which may be both characterized as internationalist movements. ...
Appeasement is a policy of accepting the imposed conditions of an aggressor in lieu of armed resistance, usually at the sacrifice of principles. ...
Nonviolence (or non-violence) can be both a political strategy or moral philosophy that rejects the use of violence in efforts to attain social or political change. ...
Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes. ...
| | Media | | Books • Films • Songs An anti-war book is a book that is perceived as having an anti-war theme. ...
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| | Politics Portal · v • d • e | The World Tribunal on Iraq (WTI) is a people's court consisting of unelected intellectuals, human rights campaigners and non-governmental organizations. It sprung from the anti-war movement and is modelled on the Russell Tribunal of the American movement against the Vietnam War. It counts among its supporters Indian author Arundhati Roy and United Nations assistant general secretary Denis Halliday, though consciously avoids a hierarchical structure. The WTI routinely finds that the coalition forces in Iraq are guilty of war crimes and violations of the Geneva Conventions. Criticized as a "kangaroo court" by supporters of the war, it receives less coverage in the United States and UK than in the Middle East and Europe. The term non-governmental organization (NGO) is used in a variety of ways all over the world and, depending on the context in which it is used, can refer to many different types of organizations. ...
The Russell Tribunal was a public international body organized by British philosopher and pacifist Bertrand Russell, along with Ken Coates and several others. ...
Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000...
Suzanna Arundhati Roy[1] (born November 24, 1961) is an Indian novelist, writer and activist. ...
The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ...
Denis J. Halliday was born in Ireland and holds an M.A. in Economics, Geography and Public Administration from Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. ...
In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ...
Development of the Geneva Conventions from 1864 to 1949. ...
A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...
World map showing the location of Europe. ...
Whether or not there would be any case to answer, and whatever the hypothesised outcome of such a case might be, the political reality is that this is unlikely to happen since few countries have both the political will and strength to sponsor and support any such enquiry. Accordingly a series of hearings is taking place under the title of the "World Tribunal on Iraq" with the purposes of:
- Hearing evidence in respect of any claim that the launch of the war in Iraq was a criminal act.
- Hearing evidence in respect of any alleged international criminal conduct during and as a part of the war in Iraq.
- Investigation of the doctrines espoused in the war (by all sides) and the economic connections which some allege are connected with the decision to wage the war in Iraq.
- To reach a decision based on evidence and expert testimony in respect of these issues and the war in Iraq.
Background to issues
The Iraq War left many people dead or injured, and some sources have identified significant War crimes or Crimes against humanity in its conduct, as well as mainstream media coverage of breaches of the geneva Convention such as at Abu Ghraib, and the use of depleted uranium which, some allege, has increased the incidence of cancer amongst civilians. According to UN estimates, a further million people died during the trade embargo (imposed by the UN following Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait), due to malnutrition or lack of medical supplies, from sanctions targeting domestic water systems (History of Iraq). Many hundreds of thousands of these were children (whose deaths were documented by US military and are available on US military declassified websites). In addition, few commentators believe that under 100-200,000 civilians died as a result of other acts during the 2003 war. For other uses, see Iraq war (disambiguation). ...
In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ...
In international law, a crime against humanity consists of acts of persecution or any large scale atrocities against a body of people, as being the criminal offence above all others. ...
The Geneva Conventions consist of treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland that set the standards for international law for humanitarian concerns. ...
Map of Iraq highlighting Abu Ghraib The city of Abu Ghraib (BGN/PCGN romanization: Abū Ghurayb; أبو غريب in Arabic) in Iraq is located 32 kilometres (20 mi) west of Baghdads city center, or some 15 km northwest of Baghdad International Airport. ...
Depleted uranium storage yard. ...
This article includes an overview from prehistory to the present in the region of the current state of Iraq in Mesopotamia. ...
Although other crimes are investigated, such tribunals require a lot of political will and strength to set up and few commentators appear to believe that a formal tribunal such as the Nuremberg Trials or the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia will be established. In addition the US has refused to ratify the International Criminal Court established for the purpose of investigation international crime. In the light of perceived growing tendencies to ignore international law, this tribunal was formed to investigate the concerns of other groups and onlookers into Iraq. A tribunal is a generic term for any body acting judicially, whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title. ...
The Süddeutsche Zeitung announces The Verdict in Nuremberg. ...
The Tribunal building in The Hague. ...
Official logo of the ICC. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, crime of aggression, and war crimes, as defined by several international agreements, most prominently the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. ...
Tribunal legitimacy and scope
Legal basis and structure Being confronted with the paradox that people supporting or participating in the WTI want to end impunity but do not have the enforcement power to do so, they feel that they have to follow a middle way between mere political protest and academic symposiums without any judicial ambition on the one hand, and on the other hand, procedural trials in the formal legal system which have no chance of achieving neutral outcomes. Another way of expressing the paradox is: - That people supporting or participating in the WTI are just citizens and therefore have no right to judge in a strict judicial way, but
- That they have at the same time the duty as citizens to oppose wars of aggression, war crimes, crimes against humanity and other breaches of international law, which should be the starting point and the strength of the WTI.
By approaching the invasion and occupation of Iraq case from as many angles as possible (international law, geopolitical and economical analysis, WTI participants hope to strengthen their common objective. In this way the hearings had a better chance of converging on valid judgments. The findings were brought together in the final session in Istanbul in June 2005. In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ...
In international law, a crime against humanity consists of acts of persecution or any large scale atrocities against a body of people, as being the criminal offence above all others. ...
Combatants Coalition Forces: United States United Kingdom South Korea Australia Poland Romania others. ...
Occupation zones in Iraq as of September 2003 The post-invasion period in Iraq followed the 2003 invasion of Iraq by a multinational coalition led by the United States, which overthrew the Baath Party government of Saddam Hussein. ...
In the absence of a more specific context, convergence denotes the approach toward a definite value, as time goes on; or to a definite point, a common view or opinion, or toward a fixed or equilibrium state. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In order to be as inclusive as possible, the WTI claims to support and recognize endeavours to resist impunity. The project will endorse and support the efforts to bring national authorities and warmakers to national courts (like the complaints filed in various state courts under the doctrine of Universal Jurisdiction) and to international courts (like the International Criminal Court in the Hague). Official logo of the ICC. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, crime of aggression, and war crimes, as defined by several international agreements, most prominently the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. ...
Fundamental aims of Tribunal - To establish the facts about what happened in Iraq and to inform the public.
- To continue and strengthen the mobilisation of the peace movement and the global anti-war protest. Anti-war and peace movements, which carried out the mass movements against the attack on Iraq have in principle adopted the idea of indicting the aggressors and of setting up a campaign to support the Tribunal process.
- The tribunal is to be considered a continuing process. The investigation of what happened in Iraq is of prime importance to restore truth and preserve collective memory against the constant rewriting of history. We are challenging the silence of international institutions and seeking to put them under pressure to fulfil their obligations under international law. In judging the recent past our aim is to prevent illegal wars in the future.
- To formulate recommendations on international law and expand notions of justice and ethical-political awareness. It can contribute to providing alternatives to 'victors' justice' and give a voice to the victims of war.
- To be part of a broader movement to stop the establishment of an imperial world order with a "permanent state of exception", which undergoes constant wars as one of its main tools.
Arguments for and against Tribunal
For - Many people perceive that the US is acting in an imperialist manner, and draw parallels with other imperialist acts which cloaked gain of power as morality.
- Some are concerned that the war was launched on a pretext, and that neither a confirmed link with Al-Qaeda nor confirmed weapons of mass destruction were shown, contrary to the reasons used to justify the necessity of invasion beforehand.
- Many people believe the war in Iraq was fought for control of valuable assets (oil), and political dominance or standing.
- Many people died or suffered in a manner similar to war crimes condemned by the West, under perceived breaches of international law; justifications given by the West for these acts echo justifications the West has previously dismissed out of hand in Japan, Germany and in other previous crimes against humanity.
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- (For example, torture has been found inhuman whether or not in a national territory, leaders are held responsible for all acts committed by their forces, and laws cited about insurgents and combatants being valid military enemies despite not wearing a uniform could equally be applied to US forces found not wearing uniforms)
Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ...
Against - Many people believe that the war in Iraq was necessary to rid the world of a tyrant, and that those who oppose it are short sighted and fail to appreciate the work done.
- It is widely acknowledged that Saddam Hussain refused to comply with U.N. resolutions through his repeated obstruction of U.N. weapons inspectors. Many believe that his defiance of U.N. resolutions was motivated by his desire to re-develop weapons of mass destruction programs (including trying to develop a nuclear capability), or that he wanted to give the impression that he already had such programs. Such activities would have made him a dire threat to stability, both in the region and to other countries that Islamist terrorists might target at some future time.
- Others feel the tribunal is biased, either due to those partaking, or due to its formal agenda. As an example, they site the inclusion as "Endorsers" on WTI's website of groups such as BushMustGo! and the Arab Cause Solidarity Committee, groups whose mission is not to oppose crimes against humanity, but to oppose U.S. foreign policy on a much broader scale.
- Some criticize the attempt to mask partisan political positions with the apparent objectivity of the concept of a court, despite such courts lacking any foundation in actual national or international bodies. In other words, the political and philosophical discourse taking place under the auspices of the WTI may be valuable, but they do not resemble a legal proceeding in important ways.
Actions to date - London, November 2003 - Inquiry into the alleged commission of war crimes by Coalition Forces during the military campaign and occupation.
- Mumbai, January 2004 - World Court of Women on US War Crimes
- Copenhagen, March 2004 - Public hearing on the legality of war, legality of putting Iraq's public enterprises and resources on sale, legality of keeping over 20,000 people under arrest in camps and prisons in the absence of any legal procedure.
- Brussels, April 14-17, 2004 - the BRussels Tribunal hearings focused on the programs and policies of the Project for the New American Century (PNAC), its role in the war against Iraq, and the role of the war against Iraq as part of the PNAC's program of military domination of the Earth [1]
- New York, May 2004 - Session on the legality of the war – violation of international law and the UN – violation of the will of the peoples of the world as manifested on February 15, war crimes and crimes under occupation.
- Japan, hearings throughout the year in various cities, two courts in July and December 2004 - International Criminal Tribunal on Iraq (ICTI)
- Germany, series of hearings around Germany starting June 2004 - Focus on violations of international law and complicity of German government—covering sanctions, war and occupation.
- Istanbul, June 2004 - Symposium on crimes committed against cultural heritage.
- New York, August 2004 - Session investigating violations of international law and basic human rights by US President George W. Bush and UK Prime Minister Tony Blair administrations in launching the war against Iraq and instituting the occupation. Findings of other WTI sessions, military families and GI resisters.
- Hiroshima, October 2004 - Session on depleted uranium and complicity of Japanese government.
- Lisbon, Fall 2004 - Commission of inquiry to determine the responsibility of the Portuguese State and other entities/individuals in the preparation of the invasion, during the invasion and in the occupation of Iraq; to formulate the accusation of those who perpetrated crimes against the people of Iraq.
- Stockholm, November 2004 - Session examinign the impact of occupation on Iraqi society, including the social, economic and cultural consequences.
- Beirut, December 2004 - Arab Court on Iraq.
- London, February 2004 - A Peoples' Inquiry into the occupation of Iraq by Coalition Forces
- Rome, February 2005 - Session on Media Wrongs against Truth and Humanity: the politics of disinformation.
- Genoa, January 2005 - Session on Media and Disinformation
- Rome, December 2004 - Session on legality of war.
- Istanbul, 20 March 2005 – Culminating session
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- The Istanbul session will serve as the culmination of the WTI process, taking into account the entirety of the above tribunal sessions. Based on this also, the session will take the further step of examining and exposing the implications of WTI findings.
- Istanbul session 23-27 JUNE 2005: Declaration of the Jury of Conscience (WTI)
"The invasion and occupation of Iraq was and is illegal. The reasons given by the US and UK governments for the invasion and occupation of Iraq in March 2003 have proven to be false. Much evidence supports the conclusion that a major motive for the war was to control and dominate the Middle East and its vast reserves of oil as a part of the US drive for global hegemony." ..... In pursuit of their agenda of empire, the Bush and Blair governments blatantly ignored the massive opposition to the war expressed by millions of people around the world. They embarked upon one of the most unjust, immoral, and cowardly wars in history.[2] The BRussels Tribunal refers both to a series of hearings taking place in Brussels, April 14-17, 2004, as part of the World Tribunal on Iraq, and to the group of people who organised these hearings. ...
The Project for the New American Century (PNAC) is a neo-conservative US think tank based in Washington, DC. Co-founded by William Kristol and Robert Kagan, the group was established in early 1997 as a non-profit organization. ...
Adjectives: Terrestrial, Terran, Telluric, Tellurian, Earthly Atmosphere Surface pressure: 101. ...
February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ...
For other people of the same name, see Tony Blair (disambiguation) Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born May 6, 1953)[1] is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Leader of the Labour Party, and Member of Parliament for the constituency...
March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in leap years). ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Also incorporated into the process are the findings of:
- Spanish Tribunal Against the War in Iraq – May 2003
- Decision on juridical issues about the war against Iraq and its occupation by Allied powers (with emphasis on the position of the government of Costa Rica) – Costa Rica September 2003
See also In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ...
Genocide is the mass killing of a group of people as defined by Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) as any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or...
In international law, a crime against humanity consists of acts of persecution or any large scale atrocities against a body of people, as being the criminal offence above all others. ...
A crime against peace, in international law, consists of starting or waging a war against the territorial integrity, political independence or sovereignty of a state, or in violation of international treaties, agreements or (legally binding) assurances. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
The two parts of the laws of war (or Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC)): Law concerning acceptable practices while engaged in war, like the Geneva Conventions, is called jus in bello; while law concerning allowable justifications for armed force is called jus ad bellum. ...
Belgiums War Crimes Law, extended the concept of universal jurisdiction to allow anyone to bring war crime charges in Belgian courts, regardless of where the alleged crimes have taken place. ...
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ...
Official logo of the ICC. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, crime of aggression, and war crimes, as defined by several international agreements, most prominently the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. ...
The Nuremberg Principles were a set of guidelines for determining what constitues a war crime. ...
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Opened for signature June 17, 1998[1] at Rome Entered into force July 1, 2002 Conditions for entry into force 60 ratifications Parties 99[2] The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (or Rome Statute) is the treaty which established the International...
The United States government quickly identified the 19 hijackers as being responsible for the September 11, 2001 attacks, and linked the attacks to Osama bin Laden. ...
This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ...
This article is about U.S. actions after September 11, 2001. ...
Cover of Anti-Americanism by French author Jean-Francois Revel. ...
This article is about the Anglo-American 2003 Invasion of Iraq. ...
This article is about protests concerning the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ...
This article describes the positions of world governments prior to the actual initiation of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and not their current positions as they may have changed since then. ...
This article is about the Anglo-American 2003 Invasion of Iraq. ...
Combatants Coalition Forces: United States United Kingdom South Korea Australia Poland Romania others. ...
Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ...
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