This article details the war crimes and crimes against humanity committed against ethnic Poles during World War II. Three million non-Jewish Polish citizens perished during the course of the war, most of them civilians, killed by the actions of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Ethnic Poles (usually simply called Poles or Polonia) are those who are considered, by themselves or others, to be ethnically Polish rather than anything else but who do not live within the country of Poland nor hold its citizenship. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... The word citizen may refer to: A person with a citizenship Citizen Watch Co. ... In times of armed conflict a civilian is any person who is not a combatant. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ...

From the start, the war against Poland was intended as a fulfillment of the plan described by Adolf Hitler in his book Mein Kampf. The main axis of the plan was that all of Eastern Europe should become part of the greater Germany, the so-called German Lebensraum ("living space"). The German Army was sent, as stated by Adolf Hitler in his Armenian quote: "with orders for them to send to death mercilessly and without compassion, men, women, and children of Polish race and language". Hitler redirects here. ... Mein Kampf (English translation: My Struggle) is the signature work of Adolf Hitler, combining elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitlers political ideology of Nazism. ... Map of Eastern Europe Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange),members of the Warsaw pact (light orange), and other former Communist regimes not aligned with Moscow (lightest orange). ... Lebensraum (German for habitat or living space) was one of the major political ideas of Adolf Hitler, and an important component of Nazi ideology. ... The German Army (German: Heer, [IPA: heɐ]  ) is the land component of the Bundeswehr (Federal Defence Forces) of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... The Armenian quote is a paragraph allegedly included in a speech by Adolf Hitler to Wehrmacht commanders at his Obersalzberg home on August 22, 1939, a week before the German invasion of Poland. ...

Terror and crimes against intelligentsia and clergy

During the German invasion of Poland (1939), special action squads of SS and police (the Einsatzgruppen) were deployed in the rear, and arrested or killed civilians caught in offering resistance against the Germans or considered capable of doing so, as determined by their position and social status. Tens of thousands of government officials, landowners, clergy, and members of the intelligentsia — teachers, doctors, journalists, and others (both Poles and Jews) — were either murdered in mass executions or sent to prisons and concentration camps. German army units and "self-defense" forces composed of Volksdeutsche also participated in executions of civilians. In many cases, these executions were reprisal actions that held entire communities collectively responsible for attacks on German forces or the murder of ethnic Germans. More than 20,000 members of the intelligentsia were murdered in Operation Tannenberg alone. Combatants Poland Germany, Slovakia, Soviet Union Commanders Edward Rydz-ÅšmigÅ‚y Fedor von Bock (Army Group North), Gerd von Rundstedt (Army Group South), Mikhail Kovalov (Belorussian Front), Semyon Timoshenko (Ukrainian Front), Ferdinand ÄŒatloÅ¡ (Field Army Bernolak) Strength 39 divisions, 16 brigades, 4,300 guns, 880 tanks, 400 aircraft Total: 950... SS or ss or Ss may be: The Schutzstaffel, a Nazi paramilitary force Steamship (SS) (ship prefix) The United States Secret Service A submarine not powered by nuclear energy (SS) (United States Navy designator), see SSN A Soviet/Russian surface-to-surface missile, as listed by NATO reporting name Shortstop... A member of Einsatzgruppe D is just about to shoot a Jewish man kneeling before a filled mass grave in Vinnitsa, Ukraine, in 1942. ... An official (from the Latin Officialis, person – or object – related to an officium, v. ... Landowner or Landholder is a holder of the estate in land with considerable rights of ownership or, simply put, an owner of land. ... Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... It has been suggested that Internment be merged into this article or section. ... Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans) is a historical term which arose in the early 20th century to apply for Germans living outside of the German Empire. ... In warfare, a reprisal is a limited and deliberate violation of the laws of war to punish an enemy for breaking the laws of war. ... Community is a set of people (or agents in a more abstract sense) with some shared element. ... Collective punishment is the punishment of a group of people as a result of the behavior of one or more other individuals or groups. ... Operation Tannenberg (German: Unternehmen Tannenberg) was the codename for one of the extermination actions directed at the Polish people during World War II, part of the Generalplan Ost. ...

The Roman Catholic Church was suppressed in Wartheland more harshly than elsewhere: churches were systematically closed; most priests were either killed, imprisoned, or deported to the General Government. The Germans also closed seminaries and convents and persecuted monks and nuns. Between 1939 and 1945, an estimated 3,000 members of the Polish clergy were murdered (in all of Poland); of these, 1,992 died in concentration camps (787 of them at Dachau). One hundred and eight of them are regarded as blessed martyrs, Maximilian Kolbe as a saint. Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      The Roman Catholic Church... Reichsgau Wartheland (initially Reichsgau Posen) was the name given by Nazis to the territory of Greater Poland which was occupied, annexed and directly incorporated into the German Reich after defeating the Polish army in 1939 (as opposed to the General Government, GG). ... It has been suggested that Ecclesia (Church) be merged into this article or section. ... . ... The General Government (in full General government for the occupied Polish areas, in German Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete) was the name given by Germany to the governing authority in Poland after its occupation by the Wehrmacht in September and October 1939. ... A seminary or theological college is a specialized and often live-in higher education institution for the purpose of instructing students (seminarians) in philosophy, theology, spirituality and the religious life, usually in order to prepare them to become members of the clergy. ... This article is about an abbey as a religious building. ... St. ... For other uses, see Nun (disambiguation). ... The main entrance just after the liberation Memorial at the camp, 1997. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Maximilian Kolbe (January 8, 1894–August 14, 1941), also known as Maksymilian or Massimiliano Maria Kolbe and Apostle of Consecration to Mary, born as Rajmund Kolbe, was a Polish Conventual Franciscan friar who volunteered to die in place of a stranger in the Nazi concentration camp of Auschwitz in Poland. ... In traditional Christian iconography, Saints are often depicted as having halos. ...

Cultural genocide and the preparations for the final solution

As part of a wider effort to destroy Polish culture, the Germans closed or destroyed universities, schools, museums, libraries, and scientific laboratories. They demolished hundreds of monuments to national heroes. To prevent the birth of a new generation of educated Poles, German officials decreed that the schooling of Polish children should end after a few years of elementary education. Cultural genocide is a term used to describe the deliberate destruction of the cultural heritage of a people or nation for political or military reasons. ... In a February 26, 1942, letter to German diplomat Martin Luther, Reinhard Heydrich follows up on the Wannsee Conference by asking Luther for administrative assistance in the implementation of the Endlösung der Judenfrage (Final Solution of the Jewish Question). ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees. ... Students in Rome, Italy. ... The Louvre Museum in Paris, one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. ... Alternative meanings: Library (computer science), Library (biology) Modern-style library In its traditional sense, a library is a collection of books and periodicals. ... For the scientific journal named Science, see Science (journal). ... This article is in need of attention. ... A monument is a structure built for commemorative or symbolic reasons rather than for any overtly functional use. ... Sir Galahad, a hero of Arthurian legend In many myths and folk tales, a hero is a man or woman (the latter often called a heroine), traditionally the protagonist of a story, legend or saga, commonly possessed of abilities or character far greater than that of a typical person, which...

"The sole goal of this schooling is to teach them simple arithmetic, nothing above the number 500; writing one's name; and the doctrine that it is divine law to obey the Germans. I do not think that reading is desirable,"

Himmler wrote in a May 1940 memorandum. In the same document, he promised to deport all Poles to the east [Russia]. In other statements, he mentioned the future killing fields for all Poles in the Pripet Marshes. Plans for mass transportation and slave labor camps for up to 20 million Poles were made. All were intended to die during the cultivation of the swamps. A bitter note is Hitler's remark that the Poles should be exterminated where they originated in the early medieval age. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A memorandum or memo is a written form of communication most often employed in business environments. ... Deportation is the expelling of someone from a country. ... See also: The Killing Fields. ... Pinsk Marshes (Пинские болота) or Pripyat Marshes (Pripet Marshes, Припятские болота) is a vast territory of wetlands along the Pripyat River and its tributaries from... Slavery is any of a number of related conditions involving control of a person against his or her will, enforced by violence or other clear forms of coercion. ...

In the Wartheland, the Nazis' goal was complete Germanization: to assimilate the territories politically, culturally, socially, and economically into the German Reich. Germans closed elementary schools where Polish was the language instruction. Streets and cities were renamed so that Łódź became Litzmannstadt, for example. Tens of thousands of Polish enterprises, from large industrial firms to small shops, were seized without payment to the owners. Signs posted in public places warned: "Entrance forbidden for Poles, Jews, and dogs."   (IPA: ; German: IPA: ), is the German word for realm or empire, cognate with Scandinavian rike/rige, Dutch rijk and English ric as found in bishopric. ... Łódź ( ) is Polands second largest city (population 776,297 in 2004). ... Look up Enterprise in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Extermination of psychiatric patients

Main article: Nazi eugenics

In July 1939, a Nazi secret program called T-4 Euthanasia Program was developed with the intention of exterminating psychiatric patients. During the German invasion of Poland, the program was put into practice into the occupied Polish territories. Initially, it was implemented according to the following plan: a German director took control over the psychiatric hospital; under the threat of death penalty, no patient could be released from the hospital; and, all patients were counted and transported by trucks to an unknown destination. Each transport was accompanied by armed soldiers from special SS detachments who returned without the patients after a few hours. The patients were said to be transferred to another hospital, but evidence showed that they had been killed. The first action of this type took place in Kocborowo, at a large psychiatric hospital in the Gdańsk region on September 22, 1939. Along with their patients, six hospital employees, including a deputy director, were murdered by a firing squad. Overall, between 1939-1944, 2,562 Kocborowo’s patients were killed. Similar extermination actions took place in October 1939 in a hospital in Owińska, near Poznań, where 1,000 patients (children and adults) were killed. Nazi eugenics pertains to Nazi Germanys nazism and race social policies that placed the improvement of the race through eugenics at the centre of their concerns and targeted those humans they identified as Life Unworthy of Life, including but not limited to: criminal, degenerate, dissident, feeble-minded, homosexual, idle... This poster reads: 60,000 Reichsmark is what this person suffering from hereditary defects costs the community during his lifetime. ... Psychiatry is a medical specialty dealing with the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of the mind and mental illness. ... A psychiatric hospital (also called, at various places and times, mental hospital or mental ward), is a hospital specialising in the treatment of persons with mental illness. ... GdaÅ„sk ( ; IPA: ), also known by its German name Danzig ( ) and several other names, is the sixth-largest city in Poland and is Polands principal seaport and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. ... September 22 is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... PoznaÅ„ ( ; full official name: The Capital City of PoznaÅ„, Polish: StoÅ‚eczne Miasto PoznaÅ„ (Latin: , German: , Yiddish: פּױזן Poyzn) is a city in west-central Poland with over 578,900 inhabitants (2002). ...

In addition to the executions by firing squad, other methods of mass murder were also used. Patients of a psychiatric hospital in Owińska were transported to a military fortress in Poznań where, in Fort VII bunkers, they were gassed by carbon monoxide, approximately 50 persons at a time. Other Owińska hospital patients were gassed in sealed trucks by the carbon monoxide of the exhaust fumes. The same method was performed in Kochanówek Hospital near Łódź where, between March-August 1940, 2,200 persons were killed. This was the first "successful" test of mass murder using gas poisoning and this "technique" was later used and perfected on many other psychiatric patients in occupied Poland and Germany and, starting in 1941, on inmates of the extermination camps. The total number of psychiatric patients murdered by the Nazis in occupied Poland between 1939-1945 is estimated to be more than 16,000, with an additional 10,000 patients who died of malnutrition. Additionally, approximately 100 out of 243 members of the pre-war Polish Psychiatric Association, met the same fate of their patients. Bunkers in Albania A bunker is a defensive military fortification. ... Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. ... Majdanek - crematorium Extermination camp (German Vernichtungslager) was the term applied to a group of camps set up by Nazi Germany during World War II for the express purpose of killing the Jews of Europe, although members of some other groups whom the Nazis wished to exterminate, such as Roma (Gypsies... Percentage of population affected by malnutrition by country, according to United Nations statistics. ...

Forced labor

Between 1939 and 1945, at least 1.5 million Polish citizens were transported to the Reich for forced labour, against their will. Many were teenage boys and girls. Although Germany also used forced laborers from Western Europe, Poles, along with other Eastern Europeans viewed as inferior, were subject to especially harsh discriminatory measures. They were forced to wear identifying purple P's sewn to their clothing, subjected to a curfew, and banned from public transportation. While the treatment of factory workers or farm hands often varied depending on the individual employer, Polish laborers as a rule were compelled to work longer hours for lower wages than Western Europeans and, in many cities, they were forced to live in segregated barracks behind barbed wire. Social relations with Germans outside work were forbidden and sexual relations with them were considered "racial defilement", punishable by death. During the war, hundreds of Polish men were executed for their relations with German women. Unfree labour is a generic or collective term for forms of work, especially in modern or early modern history, in which adults and/or children are employed without wages, or for a minimal wage. ... The borders of Western Europe were largely defined by the Cold War. ... To discriminate is to make a distinction. ... A curfew can be one of the following: An order by the government or by the childs parents for certain persons to return home daily before a certain time. ... A taxi serving as a bus Public transport comprises all transport systems in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles. ... The Rex Theatre for Colored People Racial segregation is characterized by separation of different races in daily life when both are doing equal tasks, such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a rest room, attending school, going to the movies, or in the rental or... A barracks housing conscripts of Norrbottens regemente in Boden, Sweden. ... A selection of forms of barbed wire. ...

Concentration camps

Poles were prisoners in nearly every camp of the extensive concentration camp system in German-occupied Poland and the Reich. A major labor camp complex at Stutthof, east of Gdańsk/Danzig, existed from September 2, 1939 to the end of the war, where an estimated 20,000 Poles died as a result of executions, hard labor, and harsh conditions. Some 100,000 Poles were deported to Majdanek, and tens of thousands of them died there. An estimated 20,000 Poles died at Sachsenhausen, 20,000 at Gross-Rosen, 30,000 at Mauthausen, 17,000 at Neuengamme, 10,000 at Dachau, and 17,000 at Ravensbrück. In addition, tens of thousands of Polish people were executed or found their deaths in the thousands of other camps, including special children's camps such as in Łódź and its subcamp at Dzierżan, in prisons and other places of detention inside and outside Poland. Piles of bodies in a liberated Nazi concentration camp in Germany Prior to and during World War II, Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps (Konzentrationslager, abbreviated KZ or KL) throughout the territories it controlled. ... A labor camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are engaged in penal labor. ... Stutthof, commonly refers to the Stutthof concentration camp complex built near the town of Sztutowo, by Nazi Germany during World War II. Rarely, it may refer to the Polish town of Sztutowo (called by the Germans Stutthof) itself. ... September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Majdanek Memorial, containing ashes of human bodies Majdanek fence in the winter (2005) Majdanek (originally Konzentrationslager Lublin) is the site of a German Nazi concentration and extermination camp, roughly 2. ... Entry to the camp Sachsenhausen was a concentration camp in Germany, operating between 1936 and 1950. ... KL Gross-Rosen was a German concentration camp, located in Gross-Rosen. ... Mauthausen is a small town in Upper Austria about 20 kilometers east of the city of Linz. ... Neuengamme was a concentration camp near Hamburg, Germany during World War 2 [1]. The site is one of the few concentration camps in Germany where most of the buildings have been conserved and serves as a memorial today. ... View of the barracks at Ravensbrück Ravensbrück was a German concentration camp located 90 km north of Berlin. ...

Auschwitz

Auschwitz became the main concentration camp for Poles after the arrival there, on June 14, 1940, of 728 men transported from an overcrowded prison at Tarnów. By March 1941, 10,900 prisoners were registered at the camp, most of them Poles. In September 1941, 200 ill prisoners, most of them Poles, along with 650 Soviet POWs, were killed in the first gassing experiments at Auschwitz. Beginning in 1942, Auschwitz's prisoner population became much more diverse, as Jews and other "enemies of the state" from all over German-occupied Europe were deported to the camp. The Polish scholar Franciszek Piper, the chief historian of Auschwitz, estimates that 140,000 to 150,000 Poles were brought to that camp between 1940 and 1945, and that 70,000 to 75,000 died there as victims of executions, of cruel medical experiments, and of starvation and disease. Auschwitz, in English, commonly refers to the Auschwitz concentration camp complex built near the town of Oświęcim, by Nazi Germany during World War II. Rarely, it may refer to the Polish town of Oświęcim (called by the Germans Auschwitz) itself. ... June 14 is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Tarnów is a city in south-eastern Poland with 121,500 inhabitants (1995). ... Geneva Convention definition A prisoner of war (POW) is a soldier, sailor, airman, or marine who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. ... Franciszek Piper is a Polish scholar, historian, and author. ... Human experimentation involves medical experiments performed on human beings. ... A female child during the Nigerian-Biafran war of the late 1960s, shown suffering the effects of severe hunger and malnutrition. ... The term disease refers to an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs function. ...

Warsaw concentration camp

Between 1943 until 1944, the Warsaw concentration camp (Konzentrationslager Warschau) worked as a death camp to exterminate the Polish population of Warsaw. The Gentile population of Poland was a target of the łapanka policy, in which the forces of SS, Wehrmacht and police rounded up civilians on the street; between 1942 and 1944, there were approximately 400 victims of łapanka in Warsaw daily. During the existence of the KL Warschau, it is estimated that tens of thousands (IPN [1]) people were killed there, most of them Polish citizens of the city. Most of them were shot in a publicised reprisal executions of hostages or died due to bad health conditions in the camp and typhus epidemic; some were also gassed in gas chambers. Some historians, such as Maria Trzcińska, also postulate the existence of an enormous gas chamber in a railway tunnel at Bem Street; however, this claim is highly controversial. The very existence of the death camp part of the compound had been a public secret during the era of Communist rule in Poland. The reason was to inflate numbers of victims of the Warsaw Uprising, initiated by the patriotic Polish Home Army against the Germans in 1944, which was followed by a massive civilian casualties inflicted by the Nazis upon the city's population (see below). Warsaw concentration camp (German: , short KL Warschau) was the German concentration and extermination camp in Warsaw, in the ruins of the Warsaw Ghetto and in other parts of the city. ... A death camp is either a concentration camp, the important (though not necessarily single) function of which is to facilitate mass murder of the people deported into such a camp (such as the Nazis Auschwitz and Majdanek, which acquired their murderous functions only some time after they had been... Motto: Contemnit procellas (It defies the storms) Semper invicta (Always invincible) Coordinates: Country Poland Voivodeship Masovia Powiat city county Gmina Warszawa Districts 18 boroughs City Rights turn of the 13th century Government  - Mayor Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz (PO) Area  - City 516. ... The word gentile is an anglicised version of the Latin word gentilis, meaning of or belonging to a clan or tribe. ... Łapanka (literally Catching game) was a nick-name applied to the German policy in occupied Poland during World War II. In Å‚apankas the forces of SS, Wehrmacht and Gestapo rounded up civilians on the streets of Polish cities and took all of them as prisoners. ... Instytut PamiÄ™ci Narodowej (IPN, Institute of National Remembrance) is a Polish institution created by the IPN Act in 18 December 1998. ... A hostage is an entity which is held by a captor in order to compel another party to act or refrain from acting in a particular way. ... A gas chamber is an apparatus for killing, consisting of a sealed chamber into which a poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... For other meanings of Home Army see: Home Army (disambiguation) The Armia Krajowa or AK (Home Army) functioned as the pre-eminent underground military organization in German-occupied Poland, which functioned in all areas of the country from September 1939 until its disbanding in January 1945. ...

Warsaw Uprising atrocities

During the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, German forces committed many atrocities against Polish civilians, following the order by Hitler to annihilate the city and "turn it into a lake". Combatants Poland Germany Commanders Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski #, Antoni ChruÅ›ciel #, Tadeusz PeÅ‚czyÅ„ski Erich von dem Bach, Rainer Stahel, Heinz Reinefarth, Bronislav Kaminski Strength 50,000 troops (10,000 armed) 25,000 troops Casualties 18,000 killed, 12,000 wounded, 15,000 taken prisoner 250,000 civilians killed... An atrocity (from the Latin atrox, atrocious, from Latin ater = matte black (as distinct from niger = shiny black)) is a term used to describe crimes ranging from an act committed against a single person to one committed against a population or ethnic group. ...

The most severe of them took place in Wola district where, at the beginning of August 1944, tens of thousands of civilians (men, women, and children) were methodically rounded-up and executed by Einsatzkommando of Sicherheitspolizei operating within the SS-Gruppenführer Heinz Reinefarth group under overall Erich von dem Bach-Zalewski command. Executions in the Wola district, sometimes called Wola massacre, also included the killings of both the patients and the personnel of local hospitals. Victims’ bodies were then collected by the members of the Verbrennungskommando, comprising selected Polish men, and burnt. Other similar massacres took place in the areas of Śródmieście (City Centre), Old Town, Marymont, and Ochota districts. In Ochota district, civilian killings, rapes, and looting were conducted by the members of Russian collaborators from SS-Sturmbrigade RONA. Until the end of the September 1944, Polish resistance fighters were not considered by Germans as combatants; thus, when captured, they were summarily executed. After the fall of the Old Town, during the beginning of September, the remaining 7,000 seriously wounded hospitals’ patients were executed or burnt alive often with the medical staff caring for them. Similar atrocities took place later in the Czerniaków district. A number of captured insurgents were hanged or otherwise executed after the fall of Powiśle and Mokotów districts as well. Einsatzkommando is a German military term with the literal translation of mission commando, roughly equivalent to the English term task force. The Nazi-era Einsatzkommando refers to a subgroup of the four Einsatzgruppen, killing squads in Operation Barbarossa that were responsible for carrying out mass executions behind the German lines. ... The Sicherheitspolizei (security police) was a term used in Nazi Germany to described the combined forces of the Gestapo and Sicherheitsdienst (the SD) between 1934 and 1939. ... Heinrich Reinefarth (plus communément appelé Heinz Reinefarth, 26 décembre 1903-7 mai 1979), était un officiel et un officier militaire allemand durant, puis après la Seconde guerre mondiale. ... Erich von dem Bach, born Erich von Zalewski and also known as Erich von dem Bach-Zalewski (March 1, 1899 - March 8, 1972), was a Nazi official and a member of the SS (in which he reached the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer). ... The Wola massacre (August 5-8 1944 in Wola, Warsaw) was the scene of the largest single massacre in the history of Poland. ... Categories: Stub | Companies of Canada ... This article covers the Secret State of Poland during World War II. For the earlier secret state in Poland see: January Uprising This article is part of the series: Polish Secret State Categories: Historical stubs | Polish history | World War II resistance movements | National liberation movements ...

Out of 450,000 surviving civilians, 90,000 were sent to a labour camps, and 60,000 were shipped to a death and concentration camps. Neither Erich von dem Bach-Zalewski nor Heinz Reinefarth were ever tried for their Warsaw Uprising atrocities.

List of internment sites for Poles

Below follows a partial list of sites, where Poles, detained, imprisoned, forced to slave labor, and exterminated were found both on Polish territory and outside it. This includes also concentration camps and camp complexes where persons of Polish nationality and citizens of Poland of other nationalities were detained as World War II combatants and victims of war and post-war repressions. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

The article List of concentration camps for Poles contains the following lists: During the Nazi German occupation of Poland during World War II, a system of camps of various kinds was established across the country. ...

• Sites of internment camps of the Security police (UB)
• Nazi concentration camps primarily for Poles (Polenlager)
• Extermination camps for children younger than 14 years old

A significant number of Poles were detained in German concentration camps, see List of Nazi camps. Ub - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... See also the related List of German concentration camps Concentration camp in Nazi Germany. ...

List of Gulag camps marks those that detained people of Polish nationality. Poles populated Gulag camps in three major waves, see Polish minority in Soviet Union article. This enormous, but far from complete list enumerates sites of Soviet forced labor camps (corrective labor camps). Most of them served mining, construction, and timber works. ... Gulag ( , Russian: ) was the government body responsible for administering prison camps across the former Soviet Union. ... The Polish minority in the Soviet Union refers to former Polish citizens or Polish-speaking people who resided in the Soviet Union. ...

List of places of mass executions in June/July 1941

• Lwów
• Wilejka
• Berezwecz
• Łuck
• Cherven

Motto: Semper fidelis Oblast Lviv Oblast Municipal government City council (Львівська міська рада) Mayor City chairman Lyubomyr Bunyak Area 171,01 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 808,900 ? 4786/km² Founded City rights 13th century 1353 Latitude Longitude 49°51′ N 24°01′ E Area code +0322 Car plates  ? Twin towns Corning, Freiburg... Other languages FAQs | Table free Welcome to Wikipedia, the free-content encyclopedia that anyone can edit. ... Coat of arms ÄŒervieÅ„ or Cherven (Belarusian: , Russian: ) is a small town in Minsk Voblast, Belarus. ...

List of camps linked to Katyn Massacre

As soon as September 19, 1939, the First Rank Commissar of the State Security, Lavrenty Beria (the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs) called the Board of the NKVD of the USSR for Prisoners of War and the Interned (Head: State Security Captain, Peter K. Soprunenko) ordered to set up camps for Polish prisoners. These were: This article is about the 1940 massacre of Polish officers. ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lavrenty Beria Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (Georgian: ლავრენტი ბერია; Russian: Лаврентий Павлович Берия; (29 March 1899 – 23 December 1953), was a Soviet politician and chief of the Soviet security and police apparatus. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with: :Sovnarkom. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

• Jukhnovo (rail station of Babynino),
• Yuzhe (Talitsy),
• Kozelsk,
• Kozelshchyna,
• Oranki,
• Stolbnyi Island on Lake Seliger near Ostashkov,
• Putyvl (rail station of Tetkino),
• Starobelsk,
• Vologod (rail station of Zaenikevo),
• Gryazovets.

Kozelsks Coat of Arms Kozelsk (Козельск in Russian, also spelt Kozielsk in English) is a town in the Kaluga Oblast in Russia, located on the Zhizdra River (Okas tributary) 72 km southwest of Kaluga. ... Nilov Monastery is situated on Stolbnyi Island in Lake Seliger. ... Seliger (Russian: Селигер) is a lake in Novgorod and Tver Oblasts of Russia, in the northwest of the Valdai Hills, a part of the Volga basin. ... Ostashkov (Russian: ) is a town in Tver Oblast, Russia, 199 km west of Tver. ... Putyvl or Putivl (Russian: ; Ukrainian: ) is an ancient town in north-east Ukraine, in Sumy Oblast. ... Starobelsk is a towm near Luhansk in Ukraine. ... Gryazovets (Russian: ) is a town in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located 47 km south of Vologda. ...

Other

• List of Soviet Union prison sites

This is a list of prison sites in the Soviet Union where Poles were detained. ...

See also

• AB Action
• Bombing of Frampol in World War II
• Bombing of Wieluń in World War II
• Generalplan Ost
• German camps in occupied Poland during World War II
• Massacre of Poles in Volhynia
• Medallions
• Murder of Lwów professors
• Nazi crimes in Warmia
• Piaśnica Wielka
• Pacification Operations in German-occupied Poland
• Polonophobia
• Potulice concentration camp
• Selbstschutz
• Szpęgawski Forest
• Treatment of the Polish citizens by the occupants
• Valley of Death
• World War II evacuation and expulsion

AB-Aktion was a campaign to kill leaders of the Polish resistance and cause fear among the Polish population. ... The Bombing of Frampol happened during the Polish Defence War of 1939. ... The bombing of Wieluń in World War II refers to the terror bombing of the Polish town of Wieluń by the German Luftwaffe. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The German camps in occupied Poland during World War II were built by Nazi Germany during its occupation of Poland (1939-1945). ... During World War II, approximately 100. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The murder of Lwów professors was the mass execution of approximately 45 Polish professors of the University of Lwów, their families and guests, committed in July 1941 in Lwów. ... Nazi crimes in Warmia occurred during the 1930s and World War II, as Poles in Warmia were subject to harsh persecution by German authorities. ... Piaśnica Wielka is a village in Poland in Puck rural commune, Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship. ... The pacification operations in German-occupied Poland were the unlawful use of military force and punitive measures conducted during World War II by the German state with the goal of suppressing any Polish resistance. ... Look up anti-Polonism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Potulice concentration camp was established during World War II by German state authorities in occupied Poland in Potulice near Nakło. ... Selbstschutz (German: ) was a name used by a number of paramilitary organisations created out of ethnic Germans in Central Europe. ... Szpęgawski Forest (Polish: ) is a forest located north of the town of Starogard Gdański, Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. ... This article deals with the the treatment of Polish citizens by occupation forces during the Second World War (1939 - 1945). ... Memorial of murdered in Valley of Death Valley of Death in Fordon, Bydgoszcz, northern Poland, is a site of Nazi German mass murder and a mass grave of 5 000 – 6 600 Poles and Jews murdered in October and November 1939 by local Germans (Selbstschutz) and Gestapo. ... World War II evacuation and expulsion refers to forced deportation, mass evacuation and displacement of peoples spurred on by the hostilities between Axis and Allied powers, and the border changes enacted in the post-war settlement. ...

External links

• Poles: Victims of the Nazi Era
• Detainment of Poles related to WWII

References

Five Million Forgotten. Five Million Forgotten - Non-Jewish Victims of the Shoah. Retrieved on 2006-03-28. For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... March 28 is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...