Wu Peifu (吳佩孚) (1874–1939), was a major figure in the struggles between the warlords (軍閥) who dominated China during the years 1916 to 1927. 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Warlord is a term that refers to one who has de facto military control of a subnational area, due to a military force which is personally obedient to that warlord. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 - The Royal Army Medical Corps first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Born in Shandong (山東) province in Eastern China, Wu initially received a traditional Chinese education. He later joined the Baoding military academy (保定軍校) in Beijing and embarked on a career as a professional soldier. His talents as an officer were recognized by his superiors, and he rose quickly in the ranks. Shandong (Simplified Chinese: 山东; Traditional Chinese: 山東; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shan-tung) is a coastal province of eastern Peoples Republic of China. ... (help· info) (IPA peiË© tɕɪŋ˦), a city in northern China, is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...

Wu joined the "New Army" (新軍) (renamed the Beiyang Army (北洋軍) in 1902) created by the modernizing Qing Dynasty General, Yuan Shikai. Following the fall of the Qing in 1911, and after Yuan's rise to President of the Republic of China and his subsequent disastrous attempt to proclaim himself emperor, political power in China quickly devolved into the hands of various regional military authorities, inaugurating the era of warlordism. The Beiyang Army (北洋軍 bÄ›iyáng-jÅ«n) was a powerful and Western-appearing Chinese military force created by the Qing dynasty government in the late 19th century. ... The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner Asia, establishing the... Yuan Shikai in military uniform Yuan Shikai (Courtesy Weiting 慰亭; Pseudonym: Rongan 容庵 Traditional: 袁世凱; Simplified: 袁世凯; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Yüan Shih-kai) (September 16, 1859 – June 6, 1916) was a Chinese military official and politician during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... National motto: None Official language Mandarin Chinese Capital and largest city Taipei President Chen Shui-bian Vice President Annette Lu Premier Su Tseng-chang Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 138th 35,980 km² 2. ... German Emperors bore the title of Warlord (German: Kriegsherr), sometimes as a formal label of honour, sometimes in grim earnest. ...

After Yuan's death in 1916, his Beiyang Army split into several mutually hostile factions of cliques, which battled for supremacy over the following years. The major factions included Duan Qirui's Anhui clique (Wanxi 皖系), Zhang Zuolin's Fengtian clique (Fengtianxi 奉天系; in modern Liaoning), and Feng Guozhang's Zhili clique (Zhixi 直系). The Zhili clique was taken over in 1919 by Cao Kun, Wu Peifu, and Sun Chuanfang (孫傳芳). In 1920 the Anhui clique, which was accused of collaborating with Japan, was defeated by Cao Kun. The two other groups, the Zhili and Fengtian cliques, had two clashes in 1922 and 1924. After the first, Zhang Zuolin declared his independence, followed by many military governors of the south who reigned independently from the center in Beijing, now dominated by Cao Kun's Zhili clique. Duan Qirui. ... Chang Tso-lin Zhāng Zuòlín (Chinese: 张作霖 , pinyin: Zhāng Zuòlín, WG: Chang Tso-Lin) (March 19, 1873 – June 4, 1928), nicknamed the Old Marshal (大帥) or Mukden Tiger, was a Chinese warlord in Manchuria in the early 20th century. ... Fengtian (奉天 Pinyin: Fèngtiān) is: Old name for Liaoning Province, China Old name for Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Liaoning (Simplified Chinese: 辽宁; Traditional Chinese: 遼寧; pinyin: ) is a northeastern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Categories: 1858 births | 1919 deaths | Stub ... Tsao Kun (曹錕 Pinyin: Cáo Kūn) (1862-1938) was a commander in the Beiyang Army and through bribery became president of the Republic of China (on Beijing) from October 1, 1923 to November 2, 1924. ... Sun Chuan-fang or Sun Chuanfang was a Zhili clique warlord and protege of Wu Peifu. ...

After Cao Kun forced the puppet parliament to elect him president in 1923, the governor of Zhejiang, Lu Yongxiang (盧永祥), formed an alliance with Zhang Zuolin and Sun Yat-sen and threatened to take control of the key city of Shanghai. Wu Peifu dispatched Sun Chuanfang, governor of Jiangsu, to subdue Lu Yongxiang, but at the same time Zhang Zuolin attacked Wu's Zhili forces from the north. President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, universities, and countries. ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Zhejiang (Chinese: 浙江; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Che-chiang; Postal System Pinyin: Chehkiang or Chekiang) is an eastern coastal province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Lu Yongxiang, Dean of the Academy of Science of China, was the last president of Zhejiang University. ... Sun Yat-sen (孫逸仙, November 12, 1866–March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader who had a significant role in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty. ... Shanghai (Chinese: 上海 pinyin: (help· info); Shanghainese: Zanhe ), situated on the banks of the Yangtze River Delta, is Chinas largest city. ... Jiangsu (Simplified Chinese: 江苏; Traditional Chinese: 江蘇; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsu) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. ...

Wu Peifu, now called the "Jade Marshal" (玉帥) and generally acknowledged to be China's ablest strategist at the time, was widely expected to win, and by doing so to finally put an end to various quasi-independent regional authorities. Hundreds of thousands of men fought in this major battle between Zhang's Fengtian army and Wu's Zhili forces. At a key moment, one of Wu's chief allies, Feng Yuxiang (馮玉祥), deserted the front, marched on Beijing, and in the so-called Beijing coup d'etat (Beijing zhengbian) overthrew the existing regime and proclaimed a new and mildly progressive government. Wu Peifu's military strategy was thrown into confusion by this catastrophe in his rear, and he was defeated by Zhang's forces near Tianjin. After the victory of the Fengtian clique, Duan Qirui was made head of state and he proclaimed a provisional government. A strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal. ... Feng Yü-hsiang (Traditional Chinese:馮玉祥, Simplified Chinese: 冯玉祥, pinyin: Féng Yùxíang; 1882-1948) was a warlord during the early years of the Republic of China. ... A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... Military strategem in the Battle of Waterloo. ... Tianjin (Chinese: 天津; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Postal System Pinyin: Tientsin) is one of the four municipalities of the Peoples Republic of China. ... A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a previous administration or regime. ...

Wu maintained a power base in Hubei and Henan in central China until he was confronted by the Guomindang army during the Northern Expedition in 1927. With armies detained by Guomindang allies in the Northwest, Wu was forced to withdraw to Zhengzhou in Henan. Hubei (Chinese: 湖北; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hu-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hupeh) is a central province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Henan (Chinese: 河南; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-nan), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. ... The Kuomintang (KMT) or Nationalist Party of China (Traditional Chinese: 中國國民黨; Simplified Chinese: 中国国民党; pinyin: Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo Kuo-min-tang; Tongyong Pinyin: Jhongguo Guomindang; literally the National Peoples Party of China) is a conservative political party currently active in the Republic of China (ROC) on... The Northern Expedition (北伐) was a military campaign led by the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) and the Communist Party of China from 1926 to 1927. ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Zhengzhou (Simplified Chinese: 郑州; Traditional Chinese: é„­å·ž; pinyin: ), formerly called Zhengxian, is a prefecture-level city and the capital of Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Henan (Chinese: 河南; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-nan), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. ...

In 1923, Wu ruthlessly broke a strike at the important Hankou-Beijing railway by sending in troops to violently suppress the workers and their leaders. The soldiers killed thirty-five workers and injured many more. Wu's reputation with the Chinese people suffered significantly because of this event, though he gained the favor of British and American commercial interests operating in China. 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

After the second Sino-Japanese War broke out, Wu refused to cooperate with the Japanese. In 1939, when the Japanese invited him to be the leader of the puppet government in North China, Wu made a speech saying that he was willing to become the leader of North China again on behalf of the New Order in Asia, if every Japanese soldier on China's soil gave up his post and went back to Japan. He then went back into retirement, dying later under what some people considered suspicious circumstances. He was a national hero before he died, a status he had never before achieved. Combatants National Revolutionary Army, Republic of China Imperial Japanese Army, Empire of Japan Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, Zhu De, He Yingqin Tojo Hideki, Matsui Iwane, Minami Jiro, Kesago Nakajima, Toshizo Nishio, Neiji Okamura. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

References

• http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Rep/rep-event.html
• Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, August, 1995 by Arthur Waldron, Nicholas J. Cull
• http://www.allbiographies.com/biography-WuPeifu-34964.html