Categories: Medical terms | Symptoms Human mouth The mouth, also known as the buccal cavity or the oral cavity, is the orifice through which an organism takes in food and water. ... Pathology (from Greek pathos, feeling, pain, suffering; and logos, study of; see also -ology) is the study of the processes underlying disease and other forms of illness, harmful abnormality, or dysfunction. ... Oral pathology, also known in the United States of America as oral and maxillofacial pathology is the specialty of dentistry and pathology which deals with the nature, identification, and management of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions. ... In dentistry, anodontia, also called anodontia vera, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the congenital absence of all primary or permanent teeth. ... In dentistry, hypodontia is the condition of naturally having fewer than the regular number of teeth. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Concrescence is a condition of teeth where the cementum overlying the roots of at least two teeth join together. ... In dentistry, tooth fusion is the joining of two teeth, resulting in a single large tooth. ... Gemination is when, during development, a tooth splits to form what appears to be two teeth. ... Dens envaginatus is a condition found in teeth where the outer surface appears to form an extra bump or cusp. ... A talon cusp, also known as an eagles talon, is an extra cusp on an anterior tooth. ... Dens invaginatus, also known as dens in dente, is a condition found in teeth where the outer surface folds inward. ... An enamel pearl is a condition of teeth where enamel is found on locations where enamel is not supposed to be, such as on a root surface. ... Macrodontia is a condition in which the teeth appear larger than normal. ... Microdontia is a condition in which teeth appear smaller than normal. ... Taurodontism is a condition found in teeth where the body of the tooth and pulp chamber is enlarged. ... It is a developmental disturbance in shape of teeth. ... Regional odontodysplasia is a developmental abnormality of teeth, usually localized to a certain area and nonhereditary. ... Turners hypoplasia is an abnormality found in teeth. ... Amelogenesis Imperfecta is an inherited condition that presents abnormal formation of the enamel or external layer of teeth. ... Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder of tooth development. ... Dentin dysplasia is a genetic disorder of teeth, commonly exhibiting an autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Attrition is the loss of tooth structure due to by mechanical forces from opposing teeth. ... Abrasion is the loss of tooth structure by mechanical forces from a foreign element. ... Ankylosis, or Anchylosis is a stiffness of a joint, the result of injury or disease. ... Denticles are body surface structures found on some fish and insects. ... Erosion is the loss of tooth structure due to chemical dissolution by acids not of bacterial origin. ... External resorption is a condition of a tooth where the root surface is lost. ... Picture of a mild case of fluorosis. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A medical condition that can occur mainly in reptiles when they consume something that they cannot digest. ... Internal resorption is an unusual condition of a tooth when the dentin and pulpal walls begin to resorb centrally within the root canal. ... Periodontitis, formerly known as Pyorrhea, is the name of a collection of inflammatory diseases affecting the tissues that surround and support the teeth. ... Pulpitis is an inflammation of the dental pulp. ... Mouth ulcer on the lower lip An oral ulcer (from Latin ulcus) is the name for the appearance of an open sore inside the mouth caused by a break in the mucous membrane or the epithelium on the lips or surrounding the mouth. ... A malocclusion refers to the misalignment of teeth and/or incorrect relation between the teeth of the two dental arches. ... Micrognathism (or Micrognathia) is a condition where the jaw is undersized. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Retrognathism (or retrognathia) is a type of malocclusion which refers to a mandible which is further posterior than would be expected. ... Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD, TMJ or TMD), or TMJ syndrome, is an umbrella term covering acute or chronic inflammation of the temporomandibular joint, which connects the lower jaw to the skull. ... An odontogenic keratocyst is a benign but locally aggressive developmental odontogenic cyst. ... These are an example of large mandibular tori. ... This is an example of palatal torus. ... Cherubism is a rare genetic disorder that causes prominace in the lower portion in the face. ... Ameloblastoma is a rare, benign tumor of odontogenic epithelium (the cells that create the enamel, or outside portion, of the teeth during development) much more commonly appearing in the mandible than the maxilla. ... The salivary glands produce saliva, which keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system moist. ... Drooling (also known as ptyalism) is when saliva flows outside the mouth. ... Benign lymphoepithelial lesion is a type of benign enlargement of the parotid and/or lacrimal glands. ... Freys syndrome (also known as Baillarger’s syndrome, Dupuy’s syndrome or Frey-Baillarger syndrome) is a food related syndrome which can be congenital or not, and can persist for life. ... Necrotizing sialometaplasia is an ulcer which feels as if it causes part of the hard palate to fall out. ... A ranula is a type of mucocele found on the floor of the mouth. ... Sialadenitis is inflammation of a salivary gland. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Sjögrens syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy the glands that produce tears and saliva. ... Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous lining of any of the structures in the mouth, which may involve the cheeks, gums, tongue, lips, and roof or floor of the mouth. ... For other uses, see Lip (disambiguation). ... The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular: mucosa) are linings of ectodermic origin, covered in epithelium, and are involved in absorption and secretion. ... A condition where there are deep cracks and splits at the corners of the mouth. ... Erythroplakia is a flat red patch or lesion on the oral or pharyngeal surfaces. ... Hairly leukoplakia is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance. ... Leukoplakia is a condition of the mouth that involves the formation of white leathery spots on the mucous membranes of the tongue and inside of the mouth. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Geographic tongue (Migratory glossitis) is a medical condition that affects the tongue. ... Fissured tongue is a benign condition characterized by deep grooves (fissures) in dorsum of tongue. ... Glossitis is an abnormality of the tongue that results from inflammation. ... Glossodynia or burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a condition characterized by a burning or tingling sensation on the lips, tongue, or entire mouth. ... A picture of Black hairy tongue. ... The term symptom (from the Greek meaning chance, mishap or casualty, itself derived from συμπιπτω meaning to fall upon or to happen to) has two similar meanings in the context of physical and mental health: Strictly, a symptom is a sensation or change in health function experienced by a patient. ... In medicine, a sign is a feature of disease as detected by the doctor during physical examination of a patient. ... // R00-R99 - Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (R00-R09) Symptoms and signs involving the circulatory and respiratory systems (R00) Abnormalities of heart beat (R000) Tachycardia, unspecified (R001) Bradycardia, unspecified (R002) Palpitations (R008) Other and unspecified abnormalities of heart beat (R01) Cardiac murmurs and other... Diagram of the human circulatory system. ... The Respiratory System Among four-legged animals, the respiratory system generally includes tubes, such as the bronchi, used to carry air to the lungs, where gas exchange takes place. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Bradycardia, as applied to adult medicine, is defined as a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minute, though it is seldom symptomatic until the rate drops below 50 beat/min. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Murmurs are abnormal heart sounds that are produced as a result of turbulent blood flow, which is sufficient to produce audible noise. ... A nosebleed or nosebleedage, medically known as epistaxis, is the relatively common occurrence of hemorrhage (bleeding) from the nose, usually noticed when it drains out through the nostrils. ... Hemoptysis (US English) or haemoptysis (International English) is the expectoration (coughing up) of blood or of blood-stained sputum from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs (e. ... Dyspnea (R06. ... Orthopnoea is breathing difficulty which occurs when lying flat. ... Stridor is a high pitched sound heard on inspiration that is indicative of airway obstruction. ... A wheeze is a continuous, coarse, whistling sound produced in the respiratory airways during breathing. ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration is an abnormality of the pattern of breathing. ... In medicine, hyperventilation (or hyperpnea) is the state of breathing faster or deeper (hyper) than necessary, and thereby reducing the carbon dioxide concentration of the blood below normal. ... Mouth breathing refers to the state of inhaling and exhaling through the mouth. ... For information on Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography, see Chromatography. ... In medicine, chest pain is a symptom of a number of conditions and is generally considered a medical emergency, unless the patient is a known angina pectoris sufferer and the symptoms are familiar (appearing at exertion and resolving at rest, known as stable angina). When the chest pain is not... Suffocation redirects here, for the band, see Suffocation (band). ... Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is an inflammation of the pleura, the lining of the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs, which can cause painful respiration and other symptoms. ... Respiratory arrest is the cessation of the normal tidal flow of the lungs due to paralysis of the diaphragm, collapse of the lung or any number of respiratory failures. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Bruit is the term for the unusal sound that blood makes when it rushes past an obstruction in an artery when the sound is observed with a stethoscope. ... For the Physics term GUT, please refer to Grand unification theory The gastrointestinal or digestive tract, also referred to as the GI tract or the alimentary canal or the gut, is the system of organs within multicellular animals which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and... The abdomen is a part of the body. ... Abdominal pain can be one of the symptoms associated with transient disorders or serious disease. ... The term acute abdomen refers to a sudden, severe pain in the abdomen that is less than 24 hours in duration. ... For the Beck song, see Nausea (song). ... Vomiting (also throwing up or emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of ones stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. ... Dysphagia () is a medical term defined as difficulty swallowing. ... Flatulence (expelled through the anus in a process commonly known as farting or emitting gas) is the presence of a mixture of gases known as flatus in the digestive tract of mammals. ... Burping, also known as belching, ructus, or eructation is the release of gas from the digestive tract (mainly esophagus and stomach) through the mouth. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Encopresis is involuntary fecal soiling in children who have usually already been toilet trained. ... Hepatomegaly is the condition of having an enlarged liver. ... Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen, which usually lies in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the human abdomen. ... Hepatosplenomegaly is the simultaneous enlargement of both the liver (hepatomegaly) and the spleen (splenomegaly). ... Jaundice, also known as icterus (attributive adjective: icteric), is a yellowing of the skin, conjunctiva (a clear covering over the sclera, or whites of the eyes) and mucous membranes caused by increased levels of bilirubin in red blooded animals. ... Fecal occult blood is a term for blood present in the feces that is not visibly apparent. ... Halitosis, oral malodor (scientific term), breath odor, foul breath, fetor oris, or most commonly bad breath are terms used to describe noticeably unpleasant odors exhaled in breathing – whether the smell is from an oral source or not. ... Beyond overall skin structure, refer below to: See-also. ... The subcutis is the layer of tissue directly underlying the cutis. ... Hypoesthesia refers to a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli. ... Paresthesia or paraesthesia (in British English) is a sensation of tingling, pricking, or numbness of a persons skin with no apparent long-term physical effect, more generally known as the feeling of pins and needles or of a limb being asleep. // Transient paresthesia is the temporary sensation of tingling... Hyperesthesia (or Hyperaesthesia) is a condition that involves an abnormal increase in sensitivity to stimuli of the senses. ... A rash is a change in skin which affects its color, appearance or texture. ... Cyanosis refers to the bluish coloration of the skin due to the presence of deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood vessels near the skin surface. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For a person to flush is to become markedly red in the face and often other areas of the skin, from various physiological conditions. ... minor Petechia A petechia (IPA pronunciation: ), plural petechiae (IPA pronunciation: ) is a small red or purple spot on the body, caused by a minor hemorrhage (broken capillary blood vessels). ... Desquamation is the shedding of the outer layers of the skin. ... Induration (indoo rāshÉ™n, -dyoo-), a noun, means, in terms of pathology, (a) hardening of an area of the body as a reaction to inflammation, hyperemia, or neoplastic infiltration, or (b) an area or part of the body that has undergone such a reaction. ... The Human Nervous System A human being coordinates its nervous system, the activity of the muscles, monitors the organs, constructs and also stops input from the senses, and initiates actions. ... The musculoskeletal system is an organ system that gives animals the ability to physically move, by using the muscles and skeletal system. ... For the film see Tremors (film). ... A spasm is a sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ, or a similarly sudden contraction of an orifice. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Twitching. ... Athetosis is a continuous stream of slow, sinuous, writhing movements, typically of the hands and feet. ... Persons suffering from peripheral neuropathy experience numbness and tingling in their hands and feet. ... For other uses, see Ataxia (disambiguation). ... Dysmetria (Greek: dificult to measure) is a symptom exhibited by patients after cerebellar injury. ... Dysdiadochokinesia is the medical term for an inability to perform rapid, alternating movements. ... Hypotonia is a condition of abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength. ... Diseases and other conditions that increase action potential frequency cause unwanted contraction of muscles. ... Meningism is the triad of nuchal rigidity, photophobia (intolerance of bright light) and headache. ... Hyperreflexia is defined as overactive or overresponsive reflexes. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Excretory system. ... In medicine, specifically urology, dysuria refers to any difficulty in urination. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Urinary retention also known as ischuria is a lack of ability to urinate. ... Oliguria and anuria are the decreased or absent production of urine, respectively. ... Polyuria is the passage of a large volume of urine in a given period. ... Nocturia is the need to get up during the night in order to urinate, thus interrupting sleep. ... Look up Cognition in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In psychology and the cognitive sciences, perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information. ... In psychology and common terminology, emotion is the language of a persons internal state of being, normally based in or tied to their internal (physical) and external (social) sensory feeling. ... Behavior or behaviour refers to the actions or reactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to the environment. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Somnolence (or drowsiness) is a state of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods. ... In medicine, a coma (from the Greek koma, meaning deep sleep) is a profound state of unconsciousness. ... Amnesia or amnæsia (from Greek ) (see spelling differences) is a condition in which memory is disturbed. ... Anterograde amnesia is a form of amnesia, or memory loss, where new events are not transferred to long-term memory. ... Retrograde amnesia is a form of amnesia where someone will be unable to recall events that occurred before the onset of amnesia. ... // Pre-syncope is a sensation of feeling faint. ... Anosmia is the lack of olfaction, or a loss of the ability to smell. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... Parageusia is the medical term for a bad taste in the mouth. ... Speech communication is the aural form of transferring ideas, thoughts, instructions and/or directives utilizing the speakers vocal chords and mouth to stimulate the air, thus causing waves of sound to strike the audible receptors of the hearer, resulting in a transformation back into mental images and/or symbols... The word voice can be used to refer to: Sound: The human voice. ... Speech disorders or speech impediments, as they are also called, are a type of communication disorders where normal speech is disrupted. ... Dysphasia is a speech disorder in which there is an impairment of speech and of comprehension of speech. ... Look up aphasia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up dysarthria in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about developmental dyslexia. ... Alexia (from the Greek , privative, expressing negation, and = word) is an acquired type of sensory aphasia where damage to the brain causes a patient to lose the ability to read. ... Agnosia (a-gnosis, non-knowledge) is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss. ... Apraxia is a neurological disorder characterized by loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned (familiar) movements, despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform the movements. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Dysgraphia (or agraphia) is a difficulty writing coherently, if at all, regardless of ability to read. ... Speech disorders or speech impediments, as they are also called, are a type of communication disorders where normal speech is disrupted. ... Lisp may mean: Lisp programming language Lisp (speech) This is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... Aphasia is a loss or impairment of the ability to produce or comprehend language, due to brain damage. ... The term symptom (from the Greek meaning chance, mishap or casualty, itself derived from συμπιπτω meaning to fall upon or to happen to) has two similar meanings in the context of physical and mental health: Strictly, a symptom is a sensation or change in health function experienced by a patient. ... In medicine, a sign is a feature of disease as detected by the doctor during physical examination of a patient. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... In medicine, hyperpyrexia is an excessive and unusual elevation of body temperature above 107. ... A headache (cephalalgia in medical terminology) is a condition of pain in the head; sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be interpreted as a headache. ... Chronic pain was originally defined as pain that has lasted 6 months or longer. ... Malaise is a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness, an out of sorts feeling, often the first indication of an infection or other disease. ... “Fatigue (physical)” redirects here. ... It has been suggested that Central Ischaemic Response be merged into this article or section. ... A febrile seizure, also known as a fever fit or febrile convulsion is a generalized convulsion caused by elevated body temperature. ... This article is about the medical condition. ... Cardiogenic shock is based upon an inadequate circulation of blood due to primary failure of the ventricles of the heart to function effectively. ... This page is about the condition called edema. ... Peripheral edema ... Anasarca is a medical symptom characterised by widespread swelling of the skin due to effusion of fluid into the extracellular space. ... Primary hyperhidrosis is the condition characterized by abnormally increased perspiration, in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature. ... Sleep hyperhidrosis, more commonly known as the night sweats, is the occurrence of excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) during sleep. ... The term Delayed milestone (or developmental delays) is used to describe the condition where a child does not reach one of these stages at the expected age. ... Failure to thrive is a medical term which denotes poor weight gain and physical growth failure over an extended period of time in infancy. ... Anorexia (deriving from the Greek α(ν)- (a(n)-, a prefix that denotes absence) + όρεξη (orexe) = appetite) is the decreased sensation of appetite. ... Polydipsia is a medical condition in which the patient ingests abnormally large amounts of fluids by mouth. ... Phagy or phagia is an ecological term that is used to identify particular nutritional systems. ... Clubbing is also used to refer to the activity of gathering socially at nightclubs. ...