NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Xiang (linguistics)

Xiang (湘語/湘语), also Hunan, Hunanese, or Hsiang, is a subdivision of Spoken Chinese The Chinese spoken language(s) comprise(s) many regional variants. Although the English word dialect is often used to translate the Chinese term fangyan, the differences between the major spoken variations of Chinese are such that they are mutually unintelligible. See Is Chinese a language or a family... spoken Chinese.

Xiang is spoken by over 36 million people in China, primarily in Not to be confused with the unrelated provinces of Hainan and Henan Hunan (湖南; pinyin: Húnán) is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of the Dongting Lake (hence the name Hunan, meaning south of the lake). Hunan is... Hunan province, and also in over 20 counties in Sichuan (Chinese: 四川; pinyin: Sìchuān; Wade-Giles: Ssu-ch`uan; non-standard transliteration: Szechwan) is a province in central-western China with its capital at Chengdu. History The territory of the province and its vicinity were the cradle of unique local civilizations, which can be dated... Sichuan, and parts of Guangxi (Simplified Chinese: 广西; Traditional Chinese: 廣西; pinyin: Guǎngxī; Wade-Giles: Kuang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kwangsi) is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China. Its formal name is the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Together, Guangxi and Guangdong are called the Two... Guangxi and Guangdong (Simplified Chinese: 广东; Traditional Chinese: 廣東; pinyin: Guǎngdōng; Wade-Giles: Kuang-tung; Kwangtung in older transliteration; Cantonese: gwong2 dung1), is a province on the south coast of the Peoples Republic of China. Together, Guangdong and neighboring Guangxi are called the Two Guangs... Guangdong provinces. Many scholars divide Xiang into two distinct varieties: Old Xiang, which is spoken in the southern parts of the Xiang-speaking area, and New Xiang, which can be heard in the northern Xiang-speaking area and is significantly closer to Mandarin has a number of meanings: An Imperial Chinese bureaucrat, and in the UK, by analogy, any government bureaucrat. The wardrobe of a mandarin during the Qing Dynasty involved Manchu official headwear and a mandarin square. A mandarin lived in a yamen. The Mandarin dialects of spoken Chinese, or more... Mandarin due to the influence of Mandarin.

Linguistically, Xiang is between Mandarin has a number of meanings: An Imperial Chinese bureaucrat, and in the UK, by analogy, any government bureaucrat. The wardrobe of a mandarin during the Qing Dynasty involved Manchu official headwear and a mandarin square. A mandarin lived in a yamen. The Mandarin dialects of spoken Chinese, or more... Mandarin and Wu may refer to: Kingdom of Wu, a state in southeastern China during the Three Kingdoms Period State of Wu, a state in the Wu region during the Spring and Autumn Period Wu (linguistics), a subdivision of spoken Chinese spoken in the Wu region wú (negative), Zhaozhous response to... Wu Chinese and marginally intelligible with them. The written form is standard Chinese.

Like all other varieties of Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Although Chinese... Chinese, there is plenty of dispute as to whether Xiang is a As with any complex, emergent concept, language is somewhat resistant to definition. However, most would agree that language is a system of communication or reasoning using representation along with metaphor and some manner of logical grammar, all of which presuppose a historical and at least temporarily transcendent standard or truth... language or a A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος) is a variety of a language used by people from a particular geographic area. The number of speakers, and the area itself, can be of arbitrary size. It follows that a dialect for a larger... dialect. See Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Although Chinese... here for the issues surrounding this dispute.

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Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Although Chinese... Chinese: Spoken Chinese The Chinese spoken language(s) comprise(s) many regional variants. Although the English word dialect is often used to translate the Chinese term fangyan, the differences between the major spoken variations of Chinese are such that they are mutually unintelligible. See Is Chinese a language or a family... spoken varieties
Categories:	This article is on all of the Northern Chinese dialects. For the standardized official spoken Chinese language (Putonghua/ Guoyu), see Standard Mandarin. Mandarin listen?( Traditional: 北方話, Simplified: 北方话, Hanyu Pinyin: Běifānghuà, lit. Northern speech OR 北方方言 Hanyu... Mandarin \| Jin (simplified: 晋语; traditional: 晉語; pinyin: jìnyǔ), or Jin-yu, is a subdivision of spoken Chinese. Its exact status is disputed among linguists; some prefer to classify it under Mandarin, while others set it apart as an independent branch. Jin is spoken over most of Shanxi... Jin \| Wu (吳方言 pinyin wú fāng yán; 吳語 pinyin wú yǔ) is one of the major divisions of the Chinese language. It is spoken in most of Zhejiang province, the municipality of Shanghai, southern Jiangsu province, as well as smaller parts... Wu \| The Hui (徽) dialects are unrelated to the Hui (回) ethnic group of China. Hui, or Hui-yu (Simplified Chinese: 徽语; Traditional Chinese: 徽語; Hanyu Pinyin: Huīyǔ), or Huizhou-hua (Simplified Chinese: 徽州话; Traditional Chinese: 徽州話; Hanyu Pinyin: Huīzh... Hui \| Xiang \| Gan (赣) is one of the major divisions of spoken Chinese, concentrated in and typical of Jiangxi Province. Categories: Chinese language ... Gan \| Hakka is one language in the family of languages known as Chinese. The majority of its speakers are known Hakka people. Hak 客 (Mandarin: kè) means guest, and ka 家 (Mandarin: jia) means family. Amongst themselves, Hakka people variously called their language Hak-ka-fa/-va 客家語, Hak... Hakka \| Cantonese (廣東話/广东话, lit. Guangdong speech, colloquial; 粵語/粤语, lit. Yuè dialect, formal) is one of the major dialects or languages of the Chinese language or language family. It is mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau... Yue \| Pinghua (平話/平话), also Guangxi Nanning, is a subdivision of spoken Chinese. It is spoken in parts of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and some in Hunan province. It is sometimes classified together with Yue ( Cantonese). Pinghua is a formerly unclassified dialect spoken by about 200,000 people... Pinghua \| Min (閩方言 in pinyin: min3 fang1 yan2) is a general term for a group of dialects of the Chinese language spoken in the southeastern Chinese province of Fujian as well as by migrants from this province in Guangdong (around Chaozhou-Swatou, and Leizhou peninsula), Hainan, three counties in... Min
	Danzhouhua \| Shaozhou Tuhua \| Xianghua
Subcategories of Min (閩方言 in pinyin: min3 fang1 yan2) is a general term for a group of dialects of the Chinese language spoken in the southeastern Chinese province of Fujian as well as by migrants from this province in Guangdong (around Chaozhou-Swatou, and Leizhou peninsula), Hainan, three counties in... Min:	Min Dong \| Min Bei \| Min Zhong \| Pu Xian \| Mǐn N n (Chinese: 閩南語), also spelt as Minnan or Min-nan; native name B ; literally means Southern Min or Southern Fujian and refers to the local language/dialect of southern Fujian province, China. It is often known simply as Hokkien (i.e. Fujian(ese)) or... Min Nan \| Qiong Wen \| Shao Jiang
Note: The above is only one classification scheme among Spoken Chinese The Chinese spoken language(s) comprise(s) many regional variants. Although the English word dialect is often used to translate the Chinese term fangyan, the differences between the major spoken variations of Chinese are such that they are mutually unintelligible. See Is Chinese a language or a family... many.
The following is a list of major Chinese dialects. In addition to the dialects given below, it is customary to speak informally of dialects belonging to each province, e.g. Sichuan dialect, Henan dialect. These designations do not always correspond to classifications used by linguists, but each nevertheless has approximate... Comprehensive list of Chinese dialects
Official spoken varieties:	Standard Mandarin refers to the official Chinese spoken language used by the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China on Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore. Standard Mandarin is based on the Beijing dialect, which belongs to Mandarin, a group of Chinese dialects spoken across northern and southwestern China. Standard... Standard Mandarin \| Standard Cantonese refers to the most prominent dialect of Cantonese (Yue), a subdivision of spoken Chinese. It is spoken in and around the cities of Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Macau, in China. Standard Cantonese is the official Chinese spoken language of Hong Kong and Macau. It is casually known as... Standard Cantonese
Historical Chinese Phonology deals with reconstructing the sounds of Chinese from the past. It draws its data from rime books and rime tables of Middle Chinese era, such as Qieyun and Guangyun, modern dialects/languages such as Hakka, Mandarin, Yue, Wu, Min, etc. and from sino-xenic pronunciations of Chinese... Historical phonology:	Old Chinese, or Archaic Chinese (上古汉语), refers to the Chinese spoken during the Zhou Dynasty (10th century BC - 256 BC). The term is usually used in Historical Chinese phonology, which tries to reconstruct the way in which Old Chinese was pronounced. Since Old Chinese was the language... Old Chinese \| Middle Chinese (中古漢語, pinyin: zhōnggǔ Hànyǔ), or Ancient Chinese as used by linguist Bernhard Karlgren, refers to the Chinese language spoken during Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties (6th century - 10th century). The term Middle Chinese is... Middle Chinese \| Proto-Min \| Proto-Mandarin is an ancient language based on an older form of Mandarin before it was Mandarin. This was the very early form of the most spoken Chinese dialect. Categories: Substubs \| Chinese language ... Proto-Mandarin \| The Haner language (漢兒言語) was a Chinese language heavily influenced by non-Chinese languages, especially Mongolian. Terms and Concepts The term Haner language appears at the Nogeoldae and Bak Tongsa, and refers to the colloquial Chinese language of Northern China. Haner is an informal form of Hanren... Haner
Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Although Chinese... Chinese: The Chinese written language consists of a writing system stretching back nearly 4000 years. Its logographic writing system employs a large number of symbols, known as characters, to represent individual words or morphemes. The writing system is considered to have also been a unifying force for much of Chinese history... written varieties
Official written varieties:	Classical Chinese or Literary Chinese (文言, pinyin: wényán, literal meaning: literary language or 古文, literal: ancient written language) is a traditional style of written Chinese prose using grammar and vocabulary very different from any modern spoken form of Chinese. Classical Chinese was used for almost all... Classical Chinese \| Vernacular Chinese (白话 [白話]; in pinyin: báihuà, literal meaning: Plain Language) is a style of written Chinese which is based on Standard Mandarin. Vernacular Chinese stands in contrast with Classical Chinese (文言 wényán), which is based on Old Chinese, the language used in texts... Vernacular Chinese

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