The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (Simplified Chinese: 新疆生产建设兵团; Traditional Chinese: 新疆生產建設兵團; pinyin: Xīnjiāng Shēngchǎn Jiànshè Bīngtuán), also known as XPCC or Bingtuan for short, is a unique economic and semi-military governmental organization existing in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, the People's Republic of China. The XPCC has de facto administrative authority over several medium-sized cities as well as settlements and farms all across Xinjiang. It has its own administrative structure, fulfilling governmental functions such as healthcare and education for areas under its jurisdiction. The government of Xinjiang does not usually interfere in the administration of these areas. Ürümqi (Uyghur: ئۈرۈمچى; Uyghur Latin script: Ürümqi; Chinese: 烏魯木齊; Pinyin: Wūlǔmùqí; population about 1. ... This article explains the meaning of area as a physical quantity. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... 2003(MMIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 100 Renminbi Yuan issued in 1999 The renminbi (Simplified Chinese: 人民币; Traditional Chinese: 人民幣; pinyin: ; literally peoples currency) is the official currency in the mainland of the Peoples Republic of China. ... 100 Renminbi Yuan issued in 1999 The renminbi (Simplified Chinese: 人民币; Traditional Chinese: 人民幣; pinyin: ; literally peoples currency) is the official currency in the mainland of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Peoples Republic of China officially describes itself as a multinational unitary state and as such officially recognizes 56 nationalities or Mínzú (民族), within China: the Han being the majority (>92%), and the remaining 55 nationalities being the national minorities. ... 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; pinyin: ) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... Uyghurs (also called Uighurs, Uygurs, or Uigurs) [pronounced WEE-gurs] (Simplified Chinese: 维吾尔; Traditional Chinese: 維吾爾; pinyin: ) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group living in northwestern China (mainly in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, where they are the largest ethnic group together with Han people), Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia. ... The Hui people (Chinese: 回族; pinyin: ) are a Chinese ethnic group. ... Kazakh may refer to An ethnic group: the Kazakhs The Kazakh language The Culture of Kazakhstan Suhbat. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiÇŽntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiÇŽnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Pinyin (拼音, pÄ«nyÄ«n) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard Mandarin. ... Xinjiang (Chinese: æ–°ç–†; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsin1-chiang1; Postal Pinyin: Sinkiang; literal meaning: New Frontier; Uyghur: ), full name Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...

The stated goals of the XPCC are to develop frontier regions, promote economic development, ensure social stability and ethnic harmony, and counter the East Turkistan independence movement. In its 50-year history, the XPCC has built farms, towns, and cities, and settled millions of migrants, mainly Han Chinese, into Xinjiang. As such, the XPCC is lauded in China as a cornerstone of peace and stability in an otherwise troubled region, and characterized as a vehicle of colonization and sinicization among supporters of East Turkistan independence. Flag of East Turkistan East Turkistan (Sherqiy Türkistan in Uyghur, Doğu Türkistan in Turkish) was the name of two shortlived states in Central Asia; the first one existed from 1932 to 1934, while the second one existed from 1944 to 1949. ... Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; pinyin: ) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... Sinicization, or less commonly Sinification, is to make things Chinese. ... Flag of East Turkistan East Turkistan (Sherqiy Türkistan in Uyghur, Doğu Türkistan in Turkish) was the name of two shortlived states in Central Asia; the first one existed from 1932 to 1934, while the second one existed from 1944 to 1949. ...

The XPCC also participates in economic activities, and is known as the China Xinjian Group (Simplified Chinese: 中国新建集团; Traditional Chinese: 中國新建集團; pinyin: Zhōngguó Xīnjiàn Jítuán). It has a number of publicly traded subsidiaries. Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiÇŽntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiÇŽnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Pinyin (拼音, pÄ«nyÄ«n) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard Mandarin. ...

History

The XPCC draws from the traditional Chinese tuntian system, a policy of settling military units in frontier areas so that they become self-sufficient in food. Construction corps were set up for several sparsely-populated frontier regions, including Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang. The newly founded People's Republic of China also had the problem of what to do with many former non-Communist soldiers who had been removed from economic production for many years. Ideas about settling such soldiers on the land had been common in China for many years. The Chinese government formed the XPCC from soldiers from the (Communist) First Field Army, former Guomindang soldiers and the Ili National Army (the military forces of the East Turkestan Republic). The XPCC itself was founded in October 1954, comprising 175,000 military personnel based in Xinjiang, led by Tao Zhiyue as its first commander-in-chief. Heilongjiang (Simplified Chinese: 黑龙江省; Traditional Chinese: 黑龍江省; pinyin: Hēilóngjiāng; Postal System Pinyin: Heilungkiang) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. ... Inner Mongolia (Mongolian: ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠨᠺᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠺᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ r Mongghul-un bertegen Jasaqu Orun; Chinese: 内蒙古自治区; Hanyu Pinyin: N i Měnggǔ Z qū) is an Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Xinjiang (Chinese: æ–°ç–†; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsin1-chiang1; Postal Pinyin: Sinkiang; literal meaning: New Frontier; Uyghur: ), full name Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... The Second Eastern Turkistan Republic, usually known simply as the East Turkistan Republic, was a short-lived Soviet-backed separatist republic in what is now the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. ... 1954 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The XPCC was initially focused on settling, cultivating, and developing sparsely-populated areas, such as the fringes of the Taklimakan Desert and Gurbantunggut Desert. The ranks of the XPCC were also joined by many youth, both male and female, from other parts of China, to balance out its sex ratio and include members with better education backgrounds. The crises of 1962, in which rioting occurred in Yining and thousands of refugees fled to the Soviet Union, also prompted the government to divert more people and resources to the XPCC. By 1966 the XPCC had a population of 1.48 million. The Taklamakan is a desert of Central Asia, in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... 1962 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Image:Ghulja. ... 1966 was a common year starting on Saturday (link goes to calendar) // Events January January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. ...

The XPCC, together with many other governmental and party organizations, was severely damaged by the chaos of the Cultural Revolution. In 1975 it was abolished completely, with all of its powers transferred to the government of Xinjiang and regional authorities. A poster during the Cultural Revolution The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (Simplified Chinese: 无产阶级文化大革命; Traditional Chinese: 無產階級文化大革命; pinyin: ; literally Proletarian Cultural Great Revolution; often abbreviated to 文化大革命 wén huà dà gé mìng, literally Great Cultural Revolution, or simply 文革 wén gé, literally Cultural Revolution) in the Peoples Republic of China... 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... Xinjiang (Chinese: 新疆; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsin1-chiang1; Postal Pinyin: Sinkiang; literal meaning: New Frontier; Uyghur: ), full name Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...

By the 1980s Xinjiang was once again feeling the pressures of ethnic and religion strife, Uyghur independence movements, and Soviet encirclement (Afghanistan had been invaded in 1979). In 1981 the XPCC was restored, with explicit objectives of countering Soviet encirclement, the East Turkistan independence movement, Islamic fundamentalism, as well as the cultivation of frontier lands and economic development. This page refers to the year 1979. ... 1981 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Organization

The XPCC is doubly administrated by the central government of the People's Republic of China as well as the government of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. It has sub-provincial powers, like sub-provincial cities, and its economic and social development are administered separately from that of Xinjiang. The area and population of the XPCC are generally given as part of Xinjiang's total figures, but the GDP of the XPCC is generally listed separately. Xinjiang (Chinese: æ–°ç–†; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsin1-chiang1; Postal Pinyin: Sinkiang; literal meaning: New Frontier; Uyghur: ), full name Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... A sub-provincial city (副省级城市), or vice-provincial city, in the Peoples Republic of China, is a prefecture-level city that is ruled by a province, but is administered independently in regard to economy and law. ...

The XPCC is subdivided into divisions, then regiments. It is headquartered at Urumqi. Each XPCC division corresponds to a prefecture-level administrative division of Xinjiang, and are in themselves sub-prefectural in rank. A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to fifteen thousand soldiers. ... // Size and Composition A regiment is a military unit, larger than a company and smaller than a division. ... Ürümqi (Uyghur: ئۈرۈمچى; Uyghur Latin script: Ürümqi; Chinese: 烏魯木齊; Pinyin: Wūlǔmùqí; population about 1. ... Prefecture, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. ...

The XPCC itself, as well as each individual division, is headed by a first political commissar, a political commissar, and a commander. The role of first political commissar of the XPCC is filled by the CPC Xinjiang committee secretary, and the first political commissars of each XPCC division is likewise the committee secretary in each of the corresponding prefecture-level divisions. Communist Party of China flag The Communist Party of China (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; Traditional Chinese: 中國共産黨; pinyin: ) is the ruling party of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

In addition to regiments, the XPCC also administers regiment-level farms and ranches.

At the end of the 20th century, the military role of the XPCC has been diluted, being given instead to the Xinjiang Military Region, a part of the Lanzhou Military Region that includes all of northwestern China. At present, the military personnel of the XPCC are mostly reservists or militia. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...

Administrative structure

The XPCC consists of 14 divisions which are then subdivided into 185 regiment-level entities (including regiments, farms, and ranches), scattered throughout Xinjiang, mostly in previously unpopulated or sparsely-populated areas.

The divisions are:

1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Aksu (also known as Ak-su, Akshu, Bharuka and Po-lu-chia. ... Alar (Chinese: 阿拉尔; pinyin: Ä€lāěr) is a sub-prefecture-level city in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, in the Peoples Republic of China. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Location of Korla Korla (simplified Chinese: 库尔勒; traditional Chinese: 庫爾勒;pinyin: Kùěrlè) is a city south of Karashahr (Yanqi), and is the capital of the Bayinguoleng Mongolian Prefecture, the largest prefecture in China. ... 1966 was a common year starting on Saturday (link goes to calendar) // Events January January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. ... Location of Kashgar Kashgar, (Uyghur: قەشقەر/K̢ǝxk̢ǝr; Chinese: 喀什; pinyin: , 39°28′ N 76°03′ E), is an oasis city in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 伊犁哈薩克自治州, Pinyin: YÄ«lí Hāsàkè zìzhìzhōu, Uyghur: ئىلى قازاق ئاپتونوم ۋىلايىتى / Ili ĶazaÄ· aptonom wilayiti), in northernmost Xinjiang, is the only Kazakh autonomous prefecture of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Image:Ghulja. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Bole (simplified Chinese: 博乐; traditional Chinese: 博樂;pinyin: Bólè; also known as Bortala) is a city in Xinjiang. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Karamay or Karamai (Uyghur: قاراماي; Uyghur (Latin): KÌ¢aramay; Chinese: 克拉瑪依; pinyin: , Wade-Giles: Ko-la-ma-i) is a prefecture-level city in the north of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in northwestern China. ... Kuitun (Chinese: 奎屯; pinyin: Kuítún) is a city with about 144,000 residents in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. ... Kuitun (Chinese: 奎屯; pinyin: Kuítún) is a city with about 144,000 residents in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Karamay or Karamai (Uyghur: قاراماي; Uyghur (Latin): KÌ¢aramay; Chinese: 克拉瑪依; pinyin: , Wade-Giles: Ko-la-ma-i) is a prefecture-level city in the north of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in northwestern China. ... Shihezi is a city in Northern Xinjiang. ... Shihezi is a city in Northern Xinjiang. ... 1962 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 伊犁哈薩克自治州, Pinyin: YÄ«lí Hāsàkè zìzhìzhōu, Uyghur: ئىلى قازاق ئاپتونوم ۋىلايىتى / Ili ĶazaÄ· aptonom wilayiti), in northernmost Xinjiang, is the only Kazakh autonomous prefecture of the Peoples Republic of China. ... 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 伊犁哈薩克自治州, Pinyin: YÄ«lí Hāsàkè zìzhìzhōu, Uyghur: ئىلى قازاق ئاپتونوم ۋىلايىتى / Ili ĶazaÄ· aptonom wilayiti), in northernmost Xinjiang, is the only Kazakh autonomous prefecture of the Peoples Republic of China. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Ürümqi (Uyghur: ئۈرۈمچى; Uyghur Latin script: Ürümqi; Chinese: 烏魯木齊; Pinyin: Wūlǔmùqí; population about 1. ... 1982 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ürümqi (Uyghur: ئۈرۈمچى; Uyghur Latin script: Ürümqi; Chinese: 烏魯木齊; Pinyin: Wūlǔmùqí; population about 1. ... A prefecture-level city (地级市 Pinyin: d , literally region-level city) or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Ürümqi (Uyghur: ئۈرۈمچى; Uyghur Latin script: Ürümqi; Chinese: 烏魯木齊; Pinyin: Wūlǔmùqí; population about 1. ... 1982 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kumul or Hami (Uyghur: قۇمۇل/K̢umul; Chinese: 哈密; Pinyin: Hāmì) is an oasis in Xinjiang (China); it is also the name of a modern city and the sourrounding district. ... 1982 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Khotan is an oasis town and a prefecture in the Taklamakan desert that was part of the southern silk road. ...

Cities

The XPCC has built six medium-sized cities during its history, and now controls five of them. The governments of these cities are combined entirely with the division that controls them. For example, the division headquarters is the same entity as the city government, the division political commissar the same person as the city committee secretary, the division commander the same person as the city's mayor, and so forth. Four of the five XPCC-administered cities are nominally listed as "county-level cities" of Xinjiang Uyghur Administrative Region, but the government of Xinjiang is usually not involved in the administration of these cities. A county-level city (县级市 Pinyin: xiànjí shì) is a county-level administrative division of mainland China. ... Xinjiang (Chinese: æ–°ç–†; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsin1-chiang1; Postal Pinyin: Sinkiang; literal meaning: New Frontier; Uyghur: ), full name Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...

The cities are, with dates of official designation as "cities" in parentheses: Kuitun (1975), Shihezi (1976), Alar (2002), Tumushuke (2002), Wujiaqu (2002), and Beitun. (See above table for the divisions that control them.) Beitun is officially designated as a "town", and has not been officially designated as a "city". Kuitun is no longer controlled by the XPCC, though it once was (by the 7th division) before 1975. Today, the 7th division administers Tianbei New District, a part of Kuitun. Kuitun (Chinese: 奎屯; pinyin: Kuítún) is a city with about 144,000 residents in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. ... 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... Shihezi is a city in Northern Xinjiang. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Alar (Chinese: 阿拉尔; pinyin: Ä€lāěr) is a sub-prefecture-level city in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, in the Peoples Republic of China. ... 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... When referring to Political Divisions of China, town is the standard English translation of the Chinese 镇 (zhèn). ... 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... Kuitun (Chinese: 奎屯; pinyin: Kuítún) is a city with about 144,000 residents in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. ...

Demographics

Most of the population of the XPCC is Han Chinese, while Uyghurs, Hui, and Kazakhs are the largest minority groups. The XPCC constitutes about 13% (2002) of the population of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; pinyin: ) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... Uyghurs (also called Uighurs, Uygurs, or Uigurs) [pronounced WEE-gurs] (Simplified Chinese: 维吾尔; Traditional Chinese: 維吾爾; pinyin: ) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group living in northwestern China (mainly in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, where they are the largest ethnic group together with Han people), Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia. ... The Hui people (Chinese: 回族; pinyin: ) are a Chinese ethnic group. ... Kazakh may refer to An ethnic group: the Kazakhs The Kazakh language The Culture of Kazakhstan Suhbat. ... 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Xinjiang (Chinese: 新疆; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsin1-chiang1; Postal Pinyin: Sinkiang; literal meaning: New Frontier; Uyghur: ), full name Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...

Source: [1] The Peoples Republic of China officially describes itself as a multinational unitary state and as such officially recognizes 56 nationalities or Mínzú (民族), within China: the Han being the majority (>92%), and the remaining 55 nationalities being the national minorities. ... Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; pinyin: ) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... Uyghurs (also called Uighurs, Uygurs, or Uigurs) [pronounced WEE-gurs] (Simplified Chinese: 维吾尔; Traditional Chinese: 維吾爾; pinyin: ) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group living in northwestern China (mainly in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, where they are the largest ethnic group together with Han people), Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia. ... The Hui people (Chinese: 回族; pinyin: ) are a Chinese ethnic group. ... Kazakh may refer to An ethnic group: the Kazakhs The Kazakh language The Culture of Kazakhstan Suhbat. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ...

The Eighth Division is the most populous division, with a population of 579,300 (2002). 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Economy

The XPCC is currently focused on economic development as its stated primary goal. With the continued opening up of the economy, the XPCC has created many publicly traded subsidiary companies involved in the production and sale of a variety of products. When involved in such economic activities, the XPCC uses the name "China Xinjian Group".

The primary economic activity of the XPCC remains agriculture, including cotton, fruit, vegetables, food crops, vegetable oils, sugar beets, and so forth. Important products are cotton, tomatoes, ketchup, Korla pears, Turpan grapes, wine, and so forth. The XPCC has a mix of factory farming and smaller farms. Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. ... Fruit stall in Barcelona, Spain. ... Vegetables in a market Vegetable is a nutritional and culinary term denoting any part of a plant that is commonly consumed by humans as food, but is not regarded as a culinary fruit, nut, herb, or spice. ... A vegetable oil or vegoil is an oil extracted from oilseeds or another plant source. ... Two sugar beets - the one on the left has been cultivated to be smoother than the traditional beet, so that it traps less soil. ... Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. ... Binomial name Solanum lycopersicum L. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family, native to South, Central America and Mexico. ... Organic Ketchup, a 21st century condiment Ketchup (or catsup) is a popular condiment, usually made with ripened tomatoes. ... Location of Korla Korla (simplified Chinese: 库尔勒; traditional Chinese: 庫爾勒;pinyin: Kùěrlè) is a city south of Karashahr (Yanqi), and is the capital of the Bayinguoleng Mongolian Prefecture, the largest prefecture in China. ... Species About 30 species, including: Pyrus amygdaliformis Pyrus austriaca Pyrus balansae Pyrus betulifolia Pyrus bourgaeana Pyrus bretschneideri Pyrus calleryana Pyrus caucasica Pyrus communis Pyrus cordata Pyrus cossonii Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pyrus fauriei Pyrus kawakamii Pyrus korshinskyi Pyrus lindleyi Pyrus nivalis Pyrus pashia Pyrus persica Pyrus phaeocarpa Pyrus pyraster Pyrus pyrifolia Pyrus... Turfan (Modern Chinese 吐魯番; pinyin: Tulufan, ancient Chinese Gaochang, also: Kao-chang, Turpan) is an oasis city in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... A glass of red wine Wine is an alcoholic beverage that is made by fermenting grapes or grape juice. ... Female pigs used for breeding are confined most of their lives in gestation crates, which are too small to enable them to turn around. ...

During its history, XPCC established a large amount of mining and mining-related industries, most of which have subsequently been handed over to the Xinjiang government. Currently the XPCC is primarily engaged in food- and agriculture-related industries.

The XPCC is also involved in a variety of tertiary industries, including trade, distribution, real estate, tourism, construction, even insurance.

Currently the XPCC has eleven publicly traded subsidiaries. They are:

• Xinjiang Baihuacun Co., Ltd. (新疆百花村股份有限公司) (百花村, 600721.SS) - primarily information technology
• Xinjiang Tianye Co., Ltd. (新疆天业股份有限公司) (新疆天业, 600075.SS) - primarily plastics
• Suntime International Economic-Trading Co., Ltd. (新天国际经贸股份有限公司) (新天国际, 600084.SS) - primarily international trade
• Xinjiang Talimu Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. (新疆塔里木农业综合开发股份有限公司) (新农开发, 600359.SS) - primarily cotton
• Xinjiang Yilite Industry Co., Ltd. (新疆伊力特实业股份有限公司) (伊力特, 600197.SS) - primarily alcohol
• Xinjiang Chalkis Co., Ltd. (新疆中基实业股份有限公司) (新中基, 000972.SZ) - primarily tomatoes and related industries
• Xinjiang Tianhong Papermaking Co., Ltd. (新疆天宏纸业股份有限公司) (新疆天宏, 600419.SS) - paper manufacturing
• Xinjiang Tianfu Thermoelectric Co., Ltd. (新疆天富热电股份有限公司) (天富热电, 600509.SS) - electricity
• Xinjiang Guannong Fruit & Antler Co., Ltd. (新疆冠农果茸股份有限公司) (冠农股份, 600251.SS) - fruits; animal husbandry
• Xinjiang Qingsong Cement Co., Ltd. (新疆青松建材化工股份有限公司) (青松建化, 600425.SS) - cement
• Xinjiang Sayram Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd. (新疆赛里木现代农业股份有限公司) (新赛股份, 600540.SS) - primarily cotton

Categories: Information technology ... Plastic is a term that covers a range of synthetic or semisynthetic polymerization products. ... Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. ... In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-khwl الكحول, or al-ghawl الغول) refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, and often to any beverage that contains ethanol (see alcoholic beverage). ... Binomial name Solanum lycopersicum L. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family, native to South, Central America and Mexico. ... Piece of paper Paper is a thin, flat material produced by the compression of fibres. ... In the general sense, a cement (Latin caementum) is any material with adhesive properties. ... Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. ...

Culture

The XPCC has its own separate education system covering primary, secondary, and tertiary education. It currently has two universities:

• Shihezi University (石河子大学)
• Tarim University (塔里木大学)

The XPCC has its own official daily newspaper, the Bingtuan Daily, as well as TV stations at both the XPCC and division levels.

References

• Originally translated from Chinese Wikipedia article
• Study of the Infrastructure of Xinjiang[2]

External links

• Official site (Simplified Chinese)