Portrait of Xu Huang from a Qing Dynasty edition of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Names
Simplified Chinese:	徐晃
Traditional Chinese:	徐晃
Pinyin:	Xú Huǎng
Wade-Giles:	Hsu Huang
Zi:	Gongming (公明)

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Xu

Xu Huang (169 – 227) was a prominent general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao and his successor Cao Pi during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. He was most noted for breaking the siege on the city of Fancheng (樊城, a district of present day Xiangfan, Hubei) in 219. Download high resolution version (485x722, 196 KB)Portrait of Xu Huang from a Qing Dynasty edition of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (485x722, 196 KB)Portrait of Xu Huang from a Qing Dynasty edition of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; Pinyin: QÄ«ng cháo; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China and the surrounding territories, establishing the Empire... An illustration of the book Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: sānguó yÇŽnyì), written by Luó Guànzhōng in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty, and the... Personal names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western culture. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Pinyin is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard Mandarin, where pin means spell and yin means sound. The most common variant of pinyin in use is called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n), also known as scheme... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name, is an extra name that could be used in place of the given name. ... Personal names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western culture. ... A Chinese surname, family name (Chinese: 姓; Hanyu Pinyin: or clan name 氏; shì), is one of the hundreds or thousands of family names that have been historically used by Han Chinese and Sinicized Chinese ethnic groups in mainland China, Taiwan, and among ethnic Chinese in overseas Chinese communities. ... Xu can be a pinyin transliteration of one of several Chinese surnames: 徐 (pinyin Xú, also spelled Hsu or Tsui or Eu) 許 (traditional) or 许 (simplified), (pinyin XÇ”, also spelled Hui or Hii) In this context it is pronounced somewhat like Shoo or simply Shh. ... For other uses, see number 169. ... Events Ireland - Rule of High King Cormac mac Airt begins (approximate) Cao Rui becomes emperor of the American television situation comedy that was originally broadcast from 1985 until 1990. ... Warlord is a term that refers to one who has de facto military control of a subnational area, due to armed forces which are personally obedient to — somewhat circularly — that warlord. ... Cáo Cāo (曹操; pinyin: Cáo Cāo; Wade-Giles: Tsao² Tsao¹) (155 – March 15, 220) was a regional warlord and the last Chancellor of Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty in ancient China. ... Cáo PÄ« (曹丕, 187 - 226), born in Qiao County, Pei presently Bozhou city in An Hui Province. ... The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese characters: 漢朝, Simplified Chinese characters: 汉朝, pinyin Hàncháo 202 BC - AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ... The Three Kingdoms period (Traditional Chinese characters: 三國, Simplified Chinese characters: 三国, pinyin Sānguó) is a period in the History of China. ... The Battle of Fancheng was a battle fought between the Shu and Wei kingdoms during the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China. ... Xiangfan (Simplified Chinese: 襄樊; Pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city in Hubei province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Hubei (Chinese: 湖北; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hu-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hupeh) is a central province of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Chen Shou, author of the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, considered Xu Huang among the top five generals under Cao Cao, together with Yu Jin, Zhang He, Yue Jin and Zhang Liao. Chen Shou (陳壽) (233-297), courtesy name Chengzuo (承祚) was the author of the Sanguo Zhi, a historical account of the Three Kingdoms period of China. ... The Sānguó Zhì (Chinese 三国志, or 三國誌), variously translated as Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, Records of the Three States and Records of the Three Kingdoms, was the official and authoritative historical text on the Three Kingdoms Period compiled by Chen Shou during the Jin Dynasty (265-420). ... Yu Jin (? – 220) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... For the 15th Century fleet Admiral, see Zheng He Zhang He (張郃) (167 – 231) was a distinguished military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... An officer who joined Cao Cao early on in his quest for power (not to be confused with Yu Jin), he was a senior general holding a high rank. ... Zhang Liao (169 – 222) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ...

Life

Born in the county of Yang (楊, present day Hongdong, Shanxi) in the late years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Huang worked as a local administrative officer in his younger days. Later, he followed the general Yang Feng (楊奉) on a campaign against the Yellow Turban Rebellion and was appointed a commander of the cavalry (騎都尉). Shanxi (Chinese: 山西; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese characters: 漢朝, Simplified Chinese characters: 汉朝, pinyin Hàncháo 202 BC - AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ... Yang Feng a notable cavalry commander of the late years of the Han Dynasty. ... The Yellow Turban Rebellion, sometimes also translated as the Yellow Scarves Rebellion, (Simplified Chinese: 黄巾之乱; Traditional Chinese: 黃巾之亂; Pinyin: Huáng JÄ«n ZhÄ« Luàn) was a 184 AD peasant rebellion against Emperor Lingdi of the Han Dynasty of China. ...

In 196, after the death of Dong Zhuo, who held the emperor hostage, Xu Huang and Yang Feng escorted Emperor Xian from Chang'an back to Luoyang, which by then was much dilapidated. In the same year, Cao Cao came personally to Luoyang to move the emperor to Xuchang. Dong Zhuo (董卓; Pinyin: DÇ’ng Zhuō) (139 – 192) was a warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... Format of naming convention in English is under discussion at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese). ... Changan â–¶(?) (Simplified Chinese: 长安; Traditional Chinese: 長安; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chang-an) is the ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in China. ... Luoyang (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Luòyáng) is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Cáo Cāo (曹操; pinyin: Cáo Cāo; Wade-Giles: Tsao² Tsao¹) (155 – March 15, 220) was a regional warlord and the last Chancellor of Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty in ancient China. ... Xuchang (Simplified Chinese: 许昌; Traditional Chinese: 許昌; pinyin: Xǔchāng), with a population of over 4 million people, is a city in Henan Province, China. ...

Xu Huang then prompted Yang Feng to join Cao Cao's camp, but Yang Feng did not heed the advice. Instead he sent out a force in a futile bid to snatch back Emperor Xian. Cao Cao soon retaliated and defeated Yang Feng, whereupon Xu Huang surrendered himself to Cao Cao.

Hereafter Xu Huang participated in every major campaign Cao Cao undertook, including offensives against Lü Bu, Yuan Shao, Ta Dun (蹋頓), and Ma Chao. Xu Huang performed well in all of them, being noted especially for his resourcefulness. LÇš Bù (156 – 198) was a military general and minor warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... Yuan Shao (? – 202) was a major warlord occupying the north of ancient China during the massive civil war towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ...

During the campaign against Yuan Shao's heirs in 203, the defender of the city of Yiyang (易陽) initially surrendered but soon changed his mind. Seeing such behavior, Xu Huang knew there were doubts in his enemy's heart. He then wrote a letter of persuasion and had it fired into the city on an arrow. The defender was hence won over and Xu Huang conquered the city without bloodshed.

In 215, Xu Huang was stationed at the Yangping Pass (陽平關) to defend Hanzhong against advances by Liu Bei, who attempted to sever the supply routes to the city. Xu Huang saw through the ploy and struck the enemy head-on. Many enemy soldiers jumped off the cliffs in the face of Xu Huang's ferocious attack. The city was then kept secure for the time being. Hanzhong (Simplified Chinese: 汉中; Traditional Chinese: 漢中; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hanchung) is a city in Shaanxi province, in central China. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Liu. ...

Xu Huang's most glorious moment in his military career came in the Battle of Fancheng in 219. When the city of Fancheng (樊城, a district of present day Xiangfan, Hubei) was besieged by enemy general Guan Yu and the first relief force led by Yu Jin was vanquished, Xu Huang was sent with a second relief force to the city's help. The Battle of Fancheng was a battle fought between the Shu and Wei kingdoms during the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China. ... The Battle of Fancheng was fought between the Shu and Wei kingdoms during the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China. ... Xiangfan (Simplified Chinese: 襄樊; Pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city in Hubei province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Hubei (Chinese: 湖北; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hu-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hupeh) is a central province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Guan Yu (關羽) (162–219) was a military general under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... Yu Jin (? – 220) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ...

Knowing that most of his soldiers were newly trained, Xu Huang did not go into battle straight away but camped behind the enemy to impose a deterrence effect. Meanwhile, he instructed his men to dig trenches around the nearby enemy city of Yancheng (偃城) in a pretense to cut off supplies into the city. The enemies were deceived and abandoned their position. Xu Huang then established a foothold in Yan.

By this time more support troops had arrived, and with the strengthened army Xu Huang finally unleashed an attack on Guan Yu's camp. Guan Yu personally led 5,000 horsemen to meet the attackers, but was eventually outmatched. Many of his soldiers were forced into the nearby Han River and drowned. The siege on Fancheng was then broken. When Cao Cao heard of the victory, he praised Xu Huang and compared the general to Sun Tzu and Tian Rangju¹. Han River is the name of four unrelated rivers: Han River, or Han Gang, is a river in Korea, passing through Seoul and entering the Yellow Sea Han River, or Han Shui, is a tributary of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) in central China Han River, or Han Jiang, is... Sun Tzu (孫子 also commonly written in pinyin: Sūn Zǐ) was the author of The Art of War, an influential ancient Chinese book on military strategy (for the most part not dealing directly with tactics). ...

Upon Xu Huang's return, Cao Cao went seven li out of the city to greet him, giving him full credits for securing Fan. Throughout the field reception, the soldiers of other commanders shifted about in order to get a better view of Cao Cao, but Xu Huang's men stood stationary in neat files. Seeing this, Cao Cao lauded, "General Xu has truly inherited the style of Zhou Yafu." Li: A Chinese unit of distance, 里 (Lǐ), a li is equal to 500 metres, or about 1/3 mile. ... Zhou Yafu (Simplified Chinese: 周亚夫; Traditional Chinese: 周亞夫; pinyin: ) (d. ...

After Cao Cao's death in 220, Xu Huang continued to be heavily trusted by the successor Cao Pi. He was made General of the Right (右將軍) and Marquis of Yangping (陽平侯). When Cao Pi's successor Cao Rui took over in 227, he sent Xu Huang to defend Xiangyang against Wu invasion. However, Xu Huang died in the same year due to sickness, leaving behind a will demanding a burial in plain clothes. He was given the posthumous title of Marquis Zhuang (壯侯), literally meaning the robust marquis. He was succeeded in his offices by his son, Xu Gai (徐該), who along with Xu Huang's other descendants was also given the title of marquis. Cáo PÄ« (曹丕, 187 - 226), born in Qiao County, Pei presently Bozhou city in An Hui Province. ... Cao Rui, ch. ... Xiangyang (Traditional Chinese: 襄陽, Simplified Chinese: 襄阳, pinyin: Xiāngyáng) was a Chinese city famous for the Siege of Xiangyang (1267-1273) by Mongol invaders. ... The Kingdom of Wu (Chinese: 吳, pinyin: wú) refers to a historical nation and several states in a region of China. ...

¹ Tian Ranju (田穰苴) was a general of the State of Qi during the Warring States period. State of Qi (small seal script, 220 BC) See Qi (disambiguation) for other meanings of Qi. Qi (齊; pinyin: qi2) was a relatively powerful state during the Spring and Autumn Period and Period of the Warring States. ... Alternative meaning: Warring States Period (Japan) The Warring States Period (Traditional Chinese: 戰國時代; Simplified Chinese: 战国时代; Pinyin: Zhànguó Shídài) covers the period from sometime in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the Qin in 221 BC. It is nominally considered to be the second part...

Xu Huang in Romance of the Three Kingdoms

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a historical novel by Luo Guanzhong, was a romanticization of the events that occurred before and during the Three Kingdoms Period. Xu Huang made his first appearance in Chapter 13, where he served under Yang Feng (楊奉), a military officer in the capital Chang'an. Together they escorted Emperor Xian back to Luoyang after the death of Dong Zhuo, who had been holding the emperor hostage. An illustration of the book Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: sānguó yÇŽnyì), written by Luó Guànzhōng in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty, and the... A historical novel is a novel in which the story is set among historical events, or more generally, in which the time of the action predates the lifetime of the author. ... Luo Guanzhong (Traditional Chinese: 羅貫中, Wade Giles: Lo Kuan-chung) was a 14th century Chinese author attributed with writing Romance of the Three Kingdoms and editing Outlaws of the Marsh, two of the most revered adventure epics in Chinese literature. ... The Three Kingdoms period (Traditional Chinese characters: 三國, Simplified Chinese characters: 三国, pinyin Sānguó) is a period in the History of China. ... Yang Feng a notable cavalry commander of the late years of the Han Dynasty. ... Changan â–¶(?) (Simplified Chinese: 长安; Traditional Chinese: 長安; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chang-an) is the ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in China. ... Format of naming convention in English is under discussion at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese). ... Luoyang (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Luòyáng) is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Dong Zhuo (董卓; Pinyin: DÇ’ng Zhuō) (139 – 192) was a warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ...

When Cao Cao came to Luoyang to fetch the emperor to Xuchang, Yang Feng sent out Xu Huang to deter him. Seeing the formidable Xu Huang on his horse, Cao Cao knew he was an extraordinary man. The warlord then dispatched his personal bodyguard and one of his fiercest warriors Xu Chu to duel with the enemy. Cáo Cāo (曹操; pinyin: Cáo Cāo; Wade-Giles: Tsao² Tsao¹) (155 – March 15, 220) was a regional warlord and the last Chancellor of Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty in ancient China. ... Xuchang (Simplified Chinese: 许昌; Traditional Chinese: 許昌; pinyin: Xǔchāng), with a population of over 4 million people, is a city in Henan Province, China. ... Xu Chu was a warrior living in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ...

Neither side could gain an advantage over each other after fifty bouts, by then Cao Cao was very impressed by Xu Huang's skills. Not wanting either duelist to get hurt, Cao Cao then called for Xu Chu to retreat. Knowing his lord intended to recruit Xu Huang, Man Chong, a subject of Cao Cao and a fellow townsman of Xu Huang, volunteered to persuade Xu Huang to defect. Man Chong (满宠; ? – 242) was an officer of Cao Cao and later the Kingdom of Wei. ...

The very night, Man Chong disguised himself as a common soldier and sneaked into Xu Huang's tent. After some persuasion, Xu Huang was won over. Man Chong then suggested slaying Yang Feng as a gesture of defection. However, Xu Huang was a righteous man and refused to kill his former superior.

In the book Xu Huang met his end outside Xincheng (新城), where he was shot in his forehead by Meng Da from the city wall. His men immediately took him back to camp, where the physician removed the arrow and tried to heal him, but the general eventually died on the same night. The novel claimed that he was fifty-nine years old, but the figure is not supported by any historical record. Xu is also popularly regarded as one of Cao's greatest generals, right alongside Xiahou Dun, Zhang Liao, Zhang He et al. Meng Da was a general of Liu Zhang, Liu Bei, Cao Pi, and Cao Rui. ... Xiahou Dun (? – 220) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... Zhang Liao (169 – 222) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... For the 15th Century fleet Admiral, see Zheng He Zhang He (張郃) (167 – 231) was a distinguished military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ...

Xu Huang in contemporary portrayals

An 83-part Mandarin T.V. series was made in the mid-nineties and several Japanese animation on the Romance of the Three Kingdoms also emerged at the same time, and Xu is often portrayed as a brave, loyal and reliable servant of Wei. Apart from that, Koei, the Japanese computer gaming company, has also been largely responsible for generating various impressions of Xu Huang, most notably in the classic strategy series ROTK, and the Dynasty Warriors series. Xu is often profiled as a powerful, moustached warrior who wields a long axe. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Logo of Shin Sangoku Musou 4 (Dynasty Warriors 5) Dynasty Warriors ( 真・三國無双:Shin Sangokumusou in Japan and 真•三国无双: Zhen Sanguo Wushuang in China; literally meaning True Three Kingdoms Unrivaled) is a series of video games created by Koei based loosely around the Romance of the Three Kingdoms epic, and is a...

References

• Chen Shou (2002). San Guo Zhi. Yue Lu Shu She. ISBN 7-80665-198-5.
• Luo Guanzhong (1986). San Guo Yan Yi. Yue Lu Shu She. ISBN 7-80520-013-0.
• Lo Kuan-chung; tr. C.H. Brewitt-Taylor (2002). Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3467-9.

See also

• Three Kingdoms
• Personages of the Three Kingdoms
• Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms
• Romance of the Three Kingdoms

The Three Kingdoms in 262, on the eve of the conquest of Shu. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... The Sānguó Zhì (Chinese 三国志, or 三國誌), variously translated as Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, Records of the Three States and Records of the Three Kingdoms, was the official and authoritative historical text on the Three Kingdoms Period compiled by Chen Shou during the Jin Dynasty (265-420). ... An illustration of the book Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: sānguó yǎnyì), written by Luó Guànzhōng in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty, and the...