The Battle of Xuan Loc was the last major battle of the Vietnam War. It was fought between the ARVN 18th Division and the VPA from April 9th to 20th, 1975. Combatants Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) United States of America South Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Peoples Republic of China Strength ~1,200,000 (1968) ~520,000 (1968) Casualties South Vietnamese dead: 230... April 9 is the 99th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (100th in leap years). ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon Last President Duong Van Minh Last Prime Minister Vu Van Mau Area  - Total  - % water 173,809 km² N/A Population  - Total  - Density 19,370,000 (1973 est. ... The Vietnam Peoples Army (VPA) is the term used by the Vietnamese for their armed forces. ... [ [ Image:ArmyoftheRepublicofVietnam. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) United States of America South Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Peoples Republic of China Strength ~1,200,000 (1968) ~520,000 (1968) Casualties South Vietnamese dead: 230... The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) was a military component of the armed forces of the Republic of Vietnam (commonly known as South Vietnam). ... The Vietnam Peoples Army (VPA) is the term used by the Vietnamese for their armed forces. ... April 9 is the 99th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (100th in leap years). ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ...

Setup

During the closing days of the 1975 North Vietnamese Offensive, four VPA divisions were pitted against a small ARVN force, dug-in astride the rugged hills near Xuan Loc - a town of 30,000 people located along one of the key roads into the capital, Saigon. Advancing in strength down the coastal highway were the VPA 5th, 6th, 7th and 341st Divisions, massed with artillery and T-54 tanks. Defiantly blocking their way were the ARVN 18th Divisions, Long Khanh provincial forces, and 82nd Ranger Battalion. On 12 April 1975, the 1st Airborne Brigade, made up of four Airborne Battalions and one Airborne artillery battalion, was moved into the area of operations by helicopter. The T-55 and T-54 main battle tanks were the Soviet Unions replacements for the World War II era T-34 tank. ...

Battle

The battle which followed was unique in many respects for the Vietnam War, involving units of divisional size, devastatingly effective VNAF airpower and sophisticated US-made BLU-82 Daisy Cutter Bomb Live Unit-82s. For nearly 2 weeks, the ARVN held Xuan Loc and counterattacked against impossible odds. In contrast to the general impression of total collapse on the part of the ARVN, it was described as 'heroic and gallant' by the South Vietnamese defenders. It was one of the few places where the ARVN, though outnumbered, stood and fought with a tenacity which stunned their opponents. The stand of the ARVN so impressed the rest of the entire South Vietnamese Army, that previously routed, they grew confident again. News reporters were flown in from around the world to witness the battlefield strewn with VPA casualties, repelled in assault after assault with heavy losses. This is an article for the former air force of the now defunct South Vietnam. ... The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) was a military component of the armed forces of the Republic of Vietnam (commonly known as South Vietnam). ... The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) was a military component of the armed forces of the Republic of Vietnam (commonly known as South Vietnam). ...

After 12 days and nights of ferocious combat against the North Vietnamese Communist forces, the steel defensive line at Xuan Loc (Long Khanh) still held firm. The forces of the North Vietnamese 4th Corps engaged in the battle had suffered heavy losses. For this reason the Headquarters of the Ho Chi Minh Campaign hastily changed their plan for the attack on Saigon. The forces of the North Vietnamese 3rd Corps in Tay Ninh and 2nd at the Nuoc Trong base would be used to make the “major effort” to attack and capture Saigon. The VPA 4th Corps would abandon its efforts against Xuan Loc and would become a “reserve force”. For this reason, Xuan Loc was no longer a “hot point,” and the Headquarters of ARVN 3rd Corps/Military Region 3 ordered the 18th Infantry Division and all units participating in the Xuan Loc (Long Khanh) battle to retreat to Bien Hoa on 20 April 1975 to establish a new line defending the outer approaches to Saigon.

The retreat back to Bien Hoa to assume the new mission was carried out during the night of 20 April 1975.

Aftermath

Xuan Loc is a city on Route 1, located about 100 kilometers northeast of Saigon. The city is the capital of Long Khanh Province (formed in 1957). It holds the basecamps of the Headquarters of the 18th Infantry Division and the division’s organic units. Xuan Loc was also an important strategic position, situated at the intersection of Routes 1 and 20. The capture of Xuan Loc opened the gate for the North's final assault on the government of South Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese: Thành Chí Minh) is the largest city in Vietnam, located near the delta of the Mekong River. ... Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon Last President Duong Van Minh Last Prime Minister Vu Van Mau Area  - Total  - % water 173,809 km² N/A Population  - Total  - Density 19,370,000 (1973 est. ...

References

Davidson, Philip. B (1988) "Vietnam at War" Xuan Loc. Novato: Presidio Press

Colonel Hua Yen Len, Chief of Staff for Operations, 18th Infantry Division, (1988) "The Line of Steel at Xuan Loc: 12 Days and Nights of Ferocious Combat"