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Xyston (Greek "spear", "javelin") was a type of a long thrusting lance in ancient Greece. It measured about 3.5-4.25 meter long and was probably held by the cavalryman with both hands. The xyston is usually mentioned in context with the Hetairoi, the "Companions" cavalry forces of the ancient Macedonian army. After Alexander the Great's death the Macedonian cavalry was named Xystophoroi (Xystophoros in singular, literally "spear-bearer") because of its use of the xyston lance. In his Greek written Bellum Judaicum, the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus use the term Xyston to describe the Roman throwing javelin, the Pilum. Image File history File links Wiki_letter_w. ... Hunting spear and knife, from Mesa Verde National Park. ... The term lance has become a catchall for a variety of different pole weapons based on the spear. ... Ancient Greece is a period in Greek history that lasted for around one thousand years. ... The Companions were Alexander the Greats elite cavalry, the offensive arm of his army and also his elite guard. ... Roman mosaic of the Battle of Issus The military of ancient Macedon is considered to be among the greatest military forces of the ancient world. ... Alexander the Great (Greek: ,[1] Megas Alexandros; July 356 BC–June 11, 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon (336–323 BC), was one of the most successful military commanders in history. ... Josephus, also known as Flavius Josephus (c. ... Reconstruction of a post-Marian pilum A Roman coin showing Antoninianus of Carinus holding pilum and globe. ...
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